Me haere tonu me te kaupapa i whakaarahia i roto i tā mātou blog Me kōrero tātou mō te whai pānga o te ako mīhini ki tēnei kaupapa, me tōna āhua hoki. Ka whakamahia e tātou ō tātou wheako me ngā otinga kua whiriwhiria e tātou i runga i tēnei kaupapa. "Nā Jakob Rasmussen, he tohunga AI i Apex Game Tools.
I ngā tau tata nei, he nui ngā kōrero mō te āhua o te ako mīhini e whakarerekē nui ai i te umanga petipeti, nā te mea kua kitea kētia e tēnei hangarau he mea hou i roto i ngā tono matihiko maha atu. Engari he mea nui kia mahara he tino uaua ake ngā kēmu i te whakatauira taraiwa, i te kaupapa whakahaere waka rererangi, i ngā rauropi tirotiro kanohi rānei.
Ahakoa kei te whakawhirinaki tonu te umanga petipeti ki ngā tikanga AI tuku iho, pērā i ngā mīhini āhua mutunga kore, ngā rākau whanonga, me—nō nā tata nei—te AI e hangai ana ki ngā mahi. E mōhiotia ana hoki taua AI he pūnaha hoahoa, he pūnaha tohunga rānei. Heoi, kei te mārama haere—ina koa ki ngā kaitākaro—kāore e pai ana ēnei pūnaha mō te waihanga i ngā hoa whawhai tino matatau ka taea te whai i ngā whanonga a ngā kaitākaro. He pono rawa tēnei mō ngā otinga auaha. Ka taea te whakamārama i tēnei mā te kore e taea e ngā kaiwhakawhanake AI te whakaaro ki ngā rautaki me ngā rautaki katoa ka taea, me te whakatinana angitu i roto i ngā pūnaha AI tuku iho. Mō ngā kaitākaro, he maha ngā wā ka puta he kēmu hoha, he kēmu matapae ki ngā hoa whawhai e ngāwari ana te maumahara ki ā rātou tauira whanonga.
He maha ngā take mō tēnei putanga, engari ko tētahi o ngā take matua ko te kore e taea e te AI te ako. Nō reira, i te wā e hangaia ana te matauranga horihori a te hoa whawhai, ko te kōwhiringa mārama ko te huri ki te ako mīhini, kua whakamātauhia tēnei i roto i ngā tono maha atu. Heoi, he maha ngā āhuatanga rerekē hei whakaaroaro. Hei tauira, me taea e te AI petipeti te urutau ki tētahi āhuatanga me te whakamahi i ngā painga e tukuna ana e ia, me te urutau hoki ki ngā momo tākaro rerekē a ngā hoa whawhai—arā, ngā kaitākaro tangata me ētahi atu AI.
Kei te pehea inaianei?
Nō nā tata nei, i whakaaturia e te kamupene matauranga horihori o Peretānia, a DeepMind, te āhua o te ako a te AI ki te tākaro kēmu ko ia anake, te ako i ā rātou ture, me te kimi huarahi hei whakaoti, hei toa rānei i te kēmu—ahakoa i roto noa i ngā kēmu māmā, pērā i ngā kēmu tōmua, tae noa ki tēnei wā. Hei tauira, ko te kēmu chess me te kēmu arorau Hapanihi, Go. Ko ngā hua i puta mai i ēnei kēmu e whakaatu ana ka taea e te matauranga horihori te aromatawai tika i ngā mea e tupu ana i runga i te papa. Heoi, ina tae ki te whakarerekē i te AI ki ngā momo momo tākaro a te hoa whawhai, kāore anō kia tino mīharo ngā hua.
I ēnei rā, kua ako kē ngā whatunga io ki te kite i ngā whakaahua me te taraiwa waka. Engari ka taea te whakatinana i ēnei mahi mā te whakamahi i ngā hoahoanga ngāwari noa iho, ahakoa he hohonu, he uaua hoki. Hei tauira, ko te AI mohio whakaahua a Facebook he tata ki te 100 ngā paparanga, e rite ana ki te roro koiora i runga i te maha me te uaua o ngā hononga i waenga i ngā io e hanga ana i tētahi whatunga nui kotahi.
Kēmu AI
Mō te whakamahinga o te ako mīhini i roto i te umanga petipeti, he maha ngā herenga e aukati ana i te whakamahinga tonu o tēnei momo hoahoa. Kei roto i ēnei ko ngā whakaritenga pūnaha, inā koa ko ērā e pā ana ki te CPU, e whakatau ana i te kaha o te rorohiko ki te tukatuka i ngā hanganga kēmu uaua me tōna pai mō te kōrero pakiwaitara me te tākaro kēmu.
Nō reira, i roto i te nuinga o ngā kēmu, kāore e ranea ngā taputapu e tika ana, inā koa he rōpū tūmau pēnei i te mea e whakamahia ana, hei tauira, mō ngā whatunga mōhio whakaahua a Facebook, hei whakatinana i tētahi pūnaha AI uaua. I ētahi wā, me whakahaere ngā pūnaha AI maha i te wā kotahi—ehara i te mea i runga i ngā rorohiko anake, engari i runga hoki i ngā taputapu pūkoro me ētahi atu papaaho iti ake te kaha. Ka whakatakotohia e tēnei katoa he herenga ki te rahi me te uaua o te hoahoa ako mīhini, nā te mea me mahi ngā tataunga katoa me te roanga o te anga tata ki te 1, te 2 rānei mirihekona. Ahakoa ka taea te whakamahi i ngā hangarau arotau me te taurite kawenga i waenga i ngā anga, kāore e taea te whakakore katoa i ēnei herenga.
Ka taea e te uauatanga o te kēmu te whakararu nui i te AI. Heoi anō, i roto i ngā kēmu pēnei i a StarCraft II, he tino uaua ake ngā tikanga i ngā taitara Atari. Nō reira, kāore e taea te tumanako, i runga i te tere anga kua whakaritea me ngā whakaritenga pūnaha e mōhiotia ana, ka taea e te ako mīhini te mārama me te taunekeneke ki te āhua katoa o te kēmu. Pērā i te whakawhirinaki o te kaitākaro ki te māramatanga i ngā wāhanga tōmua o te kēmu, me ako hoki te AI me pēhea te tukatuka i te āhua o te kēmu i te tīmatanga hei whakahaere i te ahunga whakamua i muri mai. Hei tauira, i roto i tētahi kēmu tata nei, Ko ngā mapi anake e whakaatu ana i ngā mōhiohio i whakaarohia e ngā kaiwhakawhanake he mea nui: i tētahi wā, i whakamahia e te AI he tirohanga iti o te rohe mapi katoa; i te tuarua, pērā i te kaitākaro, ka taea e ia te neke i te kāmera, kātahi ka whakawhāitihia tana tirohanga ki ngā mōhiohio kei runga i te mata.
He whakaaturanga o AlphaStar AI me tētahi kaitākaro tangata i roto i te StarSraft II: e whakaatu ana te hopu mata i ngā kitenga whakauru mata, te mahi whatunga io, ētahi o āna mahi me ōna taunga pea, me te putanga e tumanakohia ana o te kēmu.
He mea nui rawa tēnei mō ngā kēmu. Kāore e tika ana ngā huarahi ako mīhini tuku iho mō te AI petipeti. Hei tauira, kāore e hiahiatia kia toa, kia mahi rānei i ngā mea katoa hei whakatutuki i te wikitoria, pērā i ngā kēmu Atari. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te mahi a te AI he mea kia nui ake te whakahihiri o te kēmu. Me mahi pea, me whanonga hoki i runga i te āhua e rite ana ki te kiripuaki e whai kawenga ana ia. Nō reira, he tata ake te hononga o ngā AI petipeti ki te hoahoa kēmu me te kōrero pakiwaitara, ā, me whai i ngā taputapu e tika ana hei whakahaere i ā rātou whanonga hei whakatutuki i tētahi whāinga kua whakaritea. Kāore te ako mīhini parakore e pai tonu mō tēnei, ko te tikanga me rapu tētahi atu mea.
Ngā raruraru mahi o te ako mīhini
Kua puta ake ēnei take i roto i te whanaketanga o te matauranga horihori e ahu mai ana i te ako mīhini mō , me rite te whanonga o te AI ki ngā kaitākaro noa - arā, kia ngāwari, kia rauhanga hoki.
Pērā i a Starcraft II, he tino uaua ake a Unleashed i a Atari chess and Go. He māmā noa iho te ako i tana momo tākaro, engari kia tino eke panuku ai, me whai pūkenga whakahaere i te meta. Me hanga e ngā kaitākaro he arai, me tuku ngā taniwha ki ō rātou hoariri, me whakatakoto rautaki puta noa i te kēmu, me te arotahi ki te ōhanga, te whakaeke, me te tiaki i ngā hanganga. Me whai mānumanu tēnei me te matapae i ngā nekehanga a te hunga hoariri, me te whakahaere hoki i te meta hinengaro—koinei te meta e nui ake ai te pōka i te kēmu tatauranga noa iho.
Whakaahuamata mai i Unleashed
I te rapu i te hoahoanga tino tika mō ēnei kaupapa, ko ngā hangarau pēnei i te me te ako hōhonu, ā, i whakamātauria me pēhea tā rātou mahi i roto i tō rātou āhua mata hei AI hoariri.
He tino kino.
I tere tonu te kitea me whakaoti e Unleashed ngā raruraru nunui he uaua ki te urutau ki te ako mīhini.
Ko tētahi o ēnei ko te hanga i tētahi arai whai hua. Pērā i te maha o ngā kēmu parepare pourewa, me hanga e ngā kaitākaro he arai huri noa i te pourewa, kia taea ai e ngā taniwha te pakaru. Me whakakore ēnei taniwha mā te whakamahi i ngā patu e whakatakotoria ana puta noa i te arai. Ko te mea pai, me roa te arai kia taea ai te whara i ngā taniwha, kia kore ai rātou e tae atu ki te pourewa. He ngoikore ake ngā taniwha ki ētahi patu i ētahi atu, nō reira, kia pai ai te whai hua, me whakanoho wawe atu rātou ki te arai i ētahi atu. Ko tētahi āhuatanga ahurei o Unleash ko te kore he arai tino tika: he maha ngā momo taniwha i roto i te kēmu, ahakoa pēhea, ka haere ētahi mā roto i tētahi wāhanga o te arai me te kore e āraia. Me whakarerekē tetahi arai kia uru ai ngā taniwha hou e whakarewahia ana e ētahi atu kaitākaro. Nō reira, ehara i te mea me whakaako noa te mātauranga horihori ki te hanga arai engari me whakaako hoki ki te hanga arai whai hua mō ngā āhuatanga rerekē e tūtakihia ana i ngā putanga tōmua me ngā putanga whakamutunga o te kēmu.
I ako hoki te AI ki te matapae ko ēhea ngā taniwha ka puta mai i roto i te araipi. He momo raruraru whakahurihuri tēnei ki te hoahoa araipi. Pērā i ngā kēmu maha atu, i roto i te Unleash, kāore e ranea te hanga noa i tētahi ope taua ka tukuna ki te puni hoariri: me tutei hoki koe i ngā parepare a te hoariri, me te whakarite i ō ope kia tino whai hua ai te patu i ō rātou ngoikore. Me taunekeneke te ope taniwha ki a rātou anō kia tino angitu ai te pakaru i roto i te araipi. I ētahi wā, me tuku hoki ngā taniwha i roto i tētahi raupapa motuhake i runga i ā rātou mahi me ā rātou tūranga. Ka piki ake hoki te maha o ngā huinga rerekē.
Hei whakamutunga, nā te mea me hanga e te kaitākaro ngā arai me te kohikohi i tētahi ope taniwha, me ako hoki te AI ki te whakataurite i te whakaeke me te parepare. He mea tika hoki kia whakaarohia ko te nui ake o te hanga a te kaitākaro i tana ope taniwha, me te nui ake o ngā arai e hangaia ana e rātou, ka nui ake ngā rauemi e hiahiatia ana. Nō reira, he mea nui te rautaki whakaeke tika mō te ōhanga o te kēmu me te wikitoria. Hei whakarite i te whakataetae, me kaha te AI ki te whakahaere rauemi i roto i te huarahi e hanga ana i tētahi ope taniwha kaha me te kore e whakararu i te kaha o te arai. He pai te haumi nui ki ngā taniwha, engari ka piki ake te tūponotanga ka hopukina e ngā taniwha hoariri te arai. Mā te whakawhirinaki ki te whakapakari i ngā parepare o te arai ka taea te whakararu i tō ōhanga. Kāore tētahi o ngā āhuatanga e arahi ki te wikitoria. Nō reira, he nui ake te whānuitanga o te raruraru arotau i roto i te Unleashed i roto i te chess, i te StarCraft rānei, ā, me mahi patunga tapu me te tatau i ō painga i roto i ētahi nekehanga ki mua.
I a te matauranga horihori e ako ana, ka puta ake he maha ngā take kāore i kitea i mua. I te tīmatanga, i te nuinga o te wā ka eke te AI ki tētahi taumata whanaketanga, ka tīmata te mārama ki ētahi āhuatanga o te kēmu—hei tauira, ko ēhea patu i roto i te araihe e whai hua ana ki ngā momo taniwha motuhake, ko ēhea rānei taniwha e pai ana ki te whakatere i ētahi wāhanga o te araihe. Engari he puhoi te ako, ā, i arahina ki te whanaketanga o ngā rautaki auau.
Te hiahia mō ngā huarahi whakarara
Ahakoa te puhoi haere o te whakangungu AI e ahu mai ana i te ako mīhini, me te iti o te angitu, i hiahiatia ngā AI pai ake me ngā AI whakataetae pakari ake mō ētahi atu wāhanga o te whakamātautau me te whanaketanga. Hei whakatinana i ēnei āheinga, i whakamahia te hoahoa Utility, e āhei ai te waihanga i ngā AI motuhake mō te whakamātautau kēmu me te whakapūmau kounga, te whakamātautau i roto i te kēmu me te taurite i ngā patu me ngā taniwha, me te waihanga i ngā arai me ngā taniwha motuhake. Heoi, i te wā o te whanaketanga o Unleash, i whakakoi ngā kaihanga i ō rātou pūkenga tākaro i te kēmu, kātahi ka whakatau ki te whakamahi i tēnei mōhiotanga hei waihanga i tētahi AI Utility matatini ake. Nā tēnei i arahi ki te mōhiotanga he maha ngā raruraru e pā ana ki ngā pūnaha AI e ahu mai ana i te ako mīhini ka taea te whakaoti ngāwari e ngā pūnaha Utility e whakamahi ana i ō rātou mōhiotanga ā-roto, me te ritenga kē.
Hei tauira, ko ngā araiha whai hua ake ka hangaia mā te whakamahi i ngā Utility AI i runga i ngā pūtake mātauranga i kohia mai i ngā whakamātautau ā-roto. Ka taea te whakaahua me te whakarite i te raupaparorohiko mō te hanga i tētahi araiha me te whakanoho i ngā patu ki roto i tētahi huarahi e māmā ake ai te tiaki a te kaitākaro tangata i tētahi pourewa mai i ngā taniwha motuhake. Heoi, he mahi uaua te hanga i tētahi ope taniwha i runga i te mōhiotanga ki te turanga hoariri mō aua AI, nā te mea he tino nui te maha o ngā āhuatanga me ngā huinga rerekē me whakaaro. Me tēnei momo hoahoa AI, ka roa te wā e hiahiatia ana mō te kimi i ngā huinga taniwha e tika ana. I runga i ngā here kua hoatu, ko te ako hohonu te otinga pai mō tēnei raruraru.
Te waihangatanga o te AI ranu
Nō reira, i whakatauhia kia whakakotahihia ngā huarahi e rua, ka hangaia he pūnaha AI ranu e hangai ana ki te ako mīhini me te Utility. Ko te whakaaro he whakamahi i te ako mīhini ki te tukatuka i te maha o ngā huinga tākaro me ngā āhua, ki te hiahiatia rānei he ako motuhake. Mō ētahi atu mahi, ki te pai ake te whakawhirinaki ki ngā wheako whaiaro a ngā kaiwhakawhanake, i whakamahia ngā pūnaha Utility. Ko tētahi atu painga o tēnei huarahi ko te āheinga ki te whakahaere i ngā whanonga AI, ki te hiahiatia, kia tika ake ai te whai i tētahi whāinga kua whakaritea. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakamahi i te Utility AI ki te whakataurite i te whakaeke me te parepare, ā, ka hangaia he taumata rerekē o te riri, ka taea rānei te hanga i ngā whirihoranga maze rerekē mō ngā AI rerekē hei whakawhanake i ngā momo tākaro takitahi. Ka taea hoki te whakarite i ngā whatunga io me ngā pūnaha uara motuhake hei whakaputa i ngā manakohanga rerekē i te wā e kimi ana i ngā taniwha rangi, whenua rānei, ā, ka tāpirihia he tuakiri ki te AI takitahi. He maha atu ngā kōwhiringa mō te whakatinana i ngā otinga hoahoa, e whakaatu ana i ngā kaha o tētahi momo hoahoa AI.
I arohia anō hoki e te huarahi ranu tētahi atu pātai i pā ki te tīma whakawhanake i a rātou e whakawhanake ana i te AI mō Unleash: me whakamahi rānei rātou i tētahi whatunga io hōhonu kotahi, ā-ao e hangai ana ki te ako mīhini hei whakaaro mō ngā whakaurunga me ngā putanga katoa, he pai ake rānei te hoahoa i te AI me tētahi hanganga hierarchical?
Ngā hoahoanga e rua e whakamahia ana i roto i te Unleash: kei te taha maui he whatunga io nui, hōhonu hoki me tōna ake hoahoanga kotahi, kei te taha matau he pūnaha hierarki, he mahi motuhake tā ia whatunga.
Ahakoa rā, he mea pai kia waihangahia he huarahi whānui ki tētahi pūnaha matauranga horihori, tētahi e kore e whakawhirinakihia e ngā kaiwhakawhanake tōna hoahoa ki ō rātou ake wheako. Heoi anō, ko te nui ake o ngā kaitākaro e takiuru ana ki te kēmu, ko te nui ake o te whatunga io. I taua wā anō, kāore e taea te wehewehe i te whakangungu AI me te whakaako i tētahi pūkenga anake: te parepare, te whakaeke rānei. Ā, i reira ngā āwangawanga kei arahi te huarahi whānui ake ki te pikinga nui o ngā tataunga.
Nā tēnei i ara ake ai te whakaaro ki te waihanga i tētahi hoahoanga hierarki, e whakahaerehia ai ia mahi motuhake e tētahi whatunga io motuhake. E ai ki tēnei whakaaro, me whakatau tuatahi te matauranga horihori mēnā ka tohaina ngā rauemi i waenga i te whakaeke (te whakanui ake i te ope taniwha) me te tiaki (te hanga i te arai). Kia oti tēnā, ka neke ki te paparanga e whai ake nei i runga i tāna i whiriwhiri ai, ā, ka uru atu ki te wāhanga e tika ana o te āhua o te kēmu, ā, muri iho ka whakatau taipitopito mō ngā taniwha hei whiriwhiri me ngā patu hei whakatakoto ki roto i te arai.
Whakamutunga me ngā mahi e whai ake nei
I roto i te huarahi ranu a Utility, he rite te AI me ngā whatunga ako mīhini kua whakauruhia ki tētahi hoahoa hierarki. He rite anō tēnei ki tētahi roro koiora, kei reira ngā pokapū io rerekē e kawenga ana mō ā rātou ake mahi.
I tēnei wā, he tino uaua ki te hinga i te AI hoariri i roto i te Unleash: ka taea e rātou te urutau ki ngā āhuatanga katoa o te kēmu, engari ka taea hoki e ngā kaiwhakawhanake te whakarerekē i ā rātou tautuhinga i runga i tā rātou ake whakaaro. E ai ki te kaituhi o te tuhinga, i roto i te wā, ka horapa haere te huarahi ranu, ā, ka puta i roto i te maha atu o ngā kēmu. Tērā pea i tētahi rā, ka taea te whakauru i te AI e ahu mai ana i te ako mīhini parakore ki roto i te tākaro. Heoi, he mārama ka roa te wā. I tēnei wā, ko te whāinga he kimi i tētahi hoahoa ka urutau ki ngā wero e pā ana ki a ia, me te kimi i ngā otinga tino pai.
Source: will.com
