Te whakamahi i te RPA i roto i nga tatauranga putaiao me te miihini

urunga

I te kura, hei whakaū i ō mātou mātauranga, i tukuna mātou ki te whakaoti rapanga maha rite tonu. I pōuri tonu mātou: he aha te take? Tāpirihia kia rua, kia toru rānei ngā uara ki roto i tētahi tātai ka whiwhi i te whakautu. Kei hea ngā whakaaro auaha i konei? Ko te āhua o te ao tūturu he uaua ake i te kura.

He kaitātari hangarau mōhiohio taku mahi i tēnei wā. I mua i taku urunga atu ki te hangarau mōhiohio, i mahi ahau hei miihini whakamahana, hei kaihōtaka CNC, ā, i whai wāhi atu hoki ki ngā kaupapa rangahau.

Mai i aku ake wheako, kua kite ahau e 95% o te wā mahi a ngā miihini me ngā kaipūtaiao e pau ana ki ēnei mahi "hoha". Te tatau i ngā whārite, te tirotiro, te tuhi i ngā hua, te tārua i ngā whakatakotoranga. Kaupapa i muri i te kaupapa, whakamātautau i muri i te whakamātautau, i ia rā, i ia rā.

Anei ētahi tauira mai i aku mahi o mua.

Tae noa ki te tau 2019, i hanga e au ngā tauira mō te hanga korehau wera. Mena ka hipokina tētahi tauira pēnei ki te kirihou wera, ka whiwhi tātou i tētahi hua e tino rite ana ki te āhua o te tauira. Whakaahuatanga o te hangarau konei.

Ko te huringa hoahoa e hiahia ana ki te whānuitanga o ngā tono tino motuhake:

• Kaihanga Autodesk mō te whakatauira 3D;
• Excel mō te tango i ngā inenga o te wahi mahi;
• Excel mō te tatau i te utu o te tahora;
• He kōwae HSM mō te waihanga i ngā kaupapa whakahaere CNC;
• He pūnaha kōnae rorohiko hei whakahaere i ngā kōnae hōtaka;
• Taiao Mach3 mō te whakahaere mīhini CNC.

I whakawhitia ā-ringa ngā raraunga mai i tētahi taiao ki tētahi atu, tae atu ki ngā ripanga katoa me ngā rarangi uara. He puhoi te tukanga, ā, he maha ngā hapa.

I mua atu i tērā, i uru atu ahau ki te whakawhanake me te hanga i ngā aratohu rama (hono). He nui ngā rangahau, ngā hoahoa, me ngā tātaitanga i whakamahia: ngā taiao motuhake mō ngā tātaitanga wera me te rama (Ansys, Dialux), me ngā tātaitanga utu-whai hua, me Autocad me Inventor mō ngā tauira me ngā tuhi. Ā, i konei ka puta ake ngā uauatanga ōrite: me tōia te hua tātaitanga mai i tētahi tono ki tētahi atu mō te tātaitanga e whai ake nei. Ā, ka maha ngā wā ka mahi anō tēnei tukanga ki te rapu i te otinga tino pai.

He mea utu nui te wā o te miihini me te wā o te kaipūtaiao. Ehara tēnei i te mea mō te utu. Kei muri i ngā tātaitanga a te miihini kei reira tētahi kaupapa nui me tētahi tīma. Kei muri i ngā rangahau a te kaipūtaiao kei reira te pūmanawa o tētahi umanga katoa. Engari he maha ngā wā, ka tātari noa ngā tohunga tino tohunga i ngā raraunga mai i tētahi kaupapa ki tētahi atu, kaua ki te whakawhanake i ngā ariā, te whakatauira, te whakamārama i ngā hua, te tautohetohe, me te whakaaroaro tahi me ngā hoa mahi.

Ko te tere te āhuatanga o te taiao pakihi o ēnei rā. Kei te akiaki tonu te mākete i a tātou. I te tau 2014, e rua, e toru wiki te roa o te waihanga i tētahi tauira. I te tau 2018, e toru ngā rā, ā, i te āhua nei he roa rawa. Ināianei, me whakaputa e te kaihoahoa ētahi kōwhiringa otinga maha i roto i te wā kotahi i whakaritea i mua mō te kotahi anake.

Ko tētahi atu whakaaro ko te haumi me te mōrearea. Hei whakapūmau i tētahi kaupapa, me haumi e te kamupene te 6% o te utu o te kaupapa ki te whakawhanaketanga ariā i mua i te hainatanga o tētahi kirimana me te kiritaki. Ka pau ēnei moni:

• mō te rangahau;
• hoahoa ariā;
• te aromatawai i ngā utu mahi;
• te whakarite i ngā tuhi, me ētahi atu

Mā te kamupene ēnei utu e tango mai i tana ake pēke, ā, māna ake te mōrearea. Ko te aro ki te ariā e hiahia ana ki te wā o ngā tohunga, ā, he pukumahi hoki rātou ki ngā mahi o ia rā.

I muri i taku ako mō ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana i roto i tētahi kamupene hangarau mōhiohio, ka tīmata taku hiahia ki te mōhio he aha ngā mahi aunoatanga tukanga pakihi ka whai hua mō ngā kaihangarau. Kua roa ngā pakihi e whakamahi ana i te aunoatanga tukanga karetao (RPA) hei whawhai i ngā mahi o ia rā.

E kī ana ngā kaihoko RPA ko ēnei ngā painga o tēnei taputapu aunoatanga:

1. te āheinga whānui (ka taea e te karetao te mahi me tetahi tono, me tetahi puna raraunga);
2. te ngāwari o te ako (kāore e hiahiatia he pūkenga hōhonu mō te hōtaka me te whakahaere);
3. te tere o te whanaketanga (he iti ake te wā e pau ana i te raupaparorohiko kua oti i te hōtaka tuku iho);
4. te whakaoranga tūturu o te kaimahi mai i ngā mahi o ia rā.

Mā te whakamahi i ēnei paearu, ka tirohia e mātou te pānga o te whakamahi i te RPA i roto i ngā tātaitanga hangarau/pūtaiao.

Whakaahuatanga o te tauira

Me titiro tātou ki tētahi tauira māmā. He kurupae anga whakamua tēnei me tētahi kawenga.

Me titiro tātou ki tēnei raruraru mai i te tirohanga a te miihini, me te tirohanga a te kaipūtaiao hoki.

Te take a te miihini: He kurupae whakarara e 2 mita te roa. Me tautoko i te kawenga o te 500 kg me te tauwehenga haumaru-toru. He ngongo tapawhā te mea hanga o te kurupae. Me whiriwhiri te wāhanga whakawhiti kurupae kia rite ki te rarangi GOST.

Te take a te kaipūtaiao: whakatauhia te pānga o te papatipu kawenga, te wāhanga whakawhiti, me te roa o te kurupae ki tōna kaha ki te kawe kawenga. Te whakaputa i tētahi whārite whakatauira.

I ngā āhuatanga e rua, ka whakaarohia te kaha o te papatipu, e pā ana ki te kurupae i runga i te ōrite ki te papatipu o te kurupae.

Me arotakehia te take tuatahi, arā, te "kaihoahoa". He rite tonu te whakatinanatanga o te take "kaipūtaiao".

He tino māmā noa iho tā mātou tauira. Ka taea e te tohunga kaupapa te tatau i runga i te tātaitai. He rerekē tā mātou whāinga: ki te whakaatu me pēhea te āwhina a te otinga RPA ina nui haere te mahi.

Hei whakangāwari, ka kite hoki mātou: he tapawhā rite te wāhanga whakawhiti o te paipa, kāore he kokonga porowhita, me te kore e whakaarohia te hononga whakarewa.

Te mahi a te miihini

Ko te whakarāpopototanga whānui o te take "kaiwhakahaere" penei:

1. Kei te pepa Excel he ripanga me te whānuitanga o ngā paipa e ai ki te GOST.
2. Mō ia tāurunga o tēnei ripanga, me hanga e tātou he tauira 3D ki te Autodesk Inventor.
3. Kātahi, i roto i te taiao Inventor Stress Analyses, ka whakahaerehia e mātou he tātaitanga kaha, ā, ka kaweake i ngā hua tātaitanga ki te HTML.
4. Ka kitea e mātou te uara "Maximum von Mises stress" i roto i te kōnae i whiwhihia.
5. Ka mutu te tatau mēnā he iti iho i te 3 te tauwehenga haumaru (te ōwehenga o te kaha tuku o te rauemi ki te ahotea von Mises mōrahi).

E whakapono ana mātou mā te kurupae he wāhanga whakawhiti e toru ngā whakarea o te haumaru, ā, koia hoki te mea iti rawa te taumaha i roto i ngā kōwhiringa kē atu.

I roto i tā mātou mahi katoa, e toru ngā tono ka mahi te tohunga (tirohia te hoahoa i runga ake nei). I roto i te ao tūturu, tera pea ka nui ake te maha o ngā tono.

E 300 ngā whakaurunga kei roto i te GOST 8645-68 "Ngā Paipa Rino Tapawhā Whānui". I roto i tā mātou tauira tauira, ka whakapotohia e mātou te rārangi mā te tango i tētahi whakaurunga mai i ia whānau rahi. Ka toe ko te katoa o ngā whakaurunga 19, me tīpako e mātou tētahi mai i reira.

Kei roto i te taiao whakatauira Inventor, te wāhi e hangaia ai te tauira me te mahi tātaitanga kaha, he whare pukapuka o ngā rauemi kua oti te hanga. Ka whakamahia e mātou tēnei whare pukapuka mō ngā rauemi kurupae:

Rauemi - Rino
Kiato 7,85 karamu/cm3;
Kaha whakaputa 207 MPa;
Kaha kume 345 MPa;
Te tauwehenga a Young 210 GPa;
Te tauwehenga kutikuti 80,7692 GPa.

Koinei te āhua o te tauira 3D o tētahi kurupae kua utaina:

Ānei te hua o te tatau kaha. Ka whakaatuhia e te pūnaha ngā wāhi ngoikore o te kurupae ki te whero. Koinei ngā wāhi e tino nui ana te ahotea. Ko te tauine kei te taha maui e whakaatu ana i te ahotea mōrahi i roto i te rauemi kurupae.

Nā, me tuku atu ētahi o ngā mahi ki te karetao.

Ka huri te kaupapa mahi penei:

Ka hangaia e mātou te karetao mā te whakamahi i te taiao Automation Anywhere Community Edition (AA). Ka tirohia e mātou ngā paearu aromatawai, ā, ka whakaahuahia hoki ō mātou whakaaro whaiaro.

Tuhinga

Ko ngā otinga RPA (ina koa ko ngā mea arumoni) kei te whakanoho tonu hei huarahi mō te whakahaere aunoa i ngā tukanga pakihi me te whakahaere aunoa i ngā mahi a ngā kaimahi tari. Kei roto i ngā tauira me ngā akoranga whakangungu ngā taunekeneke ki te ERP, te ECM, me te tukutuku. He tino "rite ki te tari" katoa.

I te tīmatanga, i ruarua mātou mēnā ka taea e AA te whakahaere i tā mātou atanga me ngā raraunga Autodesk Inventor. Engari i tino pai te mahi a ngā mea katoa: i tautuhia, i tuhia hoki ia huānga, ia mana whakahaere. Ahakoa i roto i ngā puka whaipainga me ngā ripanga tawhā, i uru atu te karetao ki te pūtau e hiahiatia ana mā te tohu noa i te kiore.

I muri mai ka puta he whakamātautau hei whakarewa i te whare tātai kaha. I pai hoki te haere o tēnei. I tēnei wā, me āta whakaaro mātou ki ngā wā okioki i waenga i ngā mahi, i te wā e tatari ana te pūnaha kia oti te tātai.

I pai te tiki i ngā raraunga whakamutunga mai i te tukutuku me te whakapiri ki Excel.
Nā tēnei mahi i whakaū tōna āheinga ki te whakamahi. E ai ki ngā whakaahuatanga mai i ētahi atu kaihoko RPA, he āhuatanga noa te āheinga ki te whakamahi i tēnei momo pūmanawa.

Ngāwari o te ako

He torutoru ngā pō i pau ki te ako matatau: ngā akoranga, ngā akoranga poto—kei reira katoa. He maha ngā kaiwhakarato RPA e tuku ana i te whakangungu kore utu. Ko te arai anake ko te atanga o te taiao, ā, ko ngā akoranga a AA kei te reo Ingarihi anake.

Te tere o te whanaketanga

I whakawhanakehia, i whakatikatikahia hoki e mātou te raupapatanga mō te "mahi a te miihini" i roto i te ahiahi kotahi. E 44 noa iho ngā tohutohu i hiahiatia mō te raupapatanga o ngā mahi. Kei raro nei tētahi wāhanga o te atanga Automation Anywhere me te karetao kua oti. Ko te ariā he waehere-iti/kore-waehere—kāore he kaupapa i hiahiatia: i whakamahia e mātou ngā rekoata mahi, ngā whakahau taka-moko-taka rānei mai i te whare pukapuka whakahau. Kātahi, i whirihorahia e mātou ngā tawhā i roto i te matapihi āhuatanga.

Te whakaoranga mai i te mahinga o ia rā

Kotahi meneti me te rua tekau hēkona te roa o te tukatuka a te karetao i tētahi rekoata. Tata ki te rite te roa o te wā i pau i a mātou ki te tukatuka i tētahi rekoata me te kore he karetao.

Ki te kōrero tātou mō ngā tekau, rau rānei o ngā tuhipoka, ka ngenge, ka tahuri ke te tangata. Tērā pea ka pukumahi te tohunga ki tētahi atu mahi. Kāore te ōwehenga "Ki te roa te mahi i te A meneti, kāti ka taea te whakaoti i aua mahi i roto i te A * N meneti" e pai ki te tangata—he roa ake te wā e roa ai.

I roto i tā mātou tauira, ka mahi te karetao i ngā rekoata i runga i te raupapa, ka tīmata mai i ngā wāhanga nui rawa. He puhoi tēnei tikanga i runga i ngā rarangi nui. Hei tere ake, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i ngā whakatau tata, pērā i te tikanga a Newton, te wehewehe rānei.
Hua tātaitanga:

Ripanga 1. Hua o te kōwhiringa wāhanga kurupae

Te mahi a te kaipūtaiao

Ko te mahi a te kaipūtaiao he whakahaere i ētahi whakamātautau tau hei whakatau i te ture e rerekē ai te kaha o te kurupae ki te kawe kawenga i runga i tōna wāhanga whakawhiti, te roa, me te papatipu kawenga. Ka hangaia te ture kua kitea hei whārite whakatauira.

Kia tika ai tētahi whārite whakatauira, me tukatuka e te kaipūtaiao he nui ngā raraunga.

Hei tauira, ka tohaina he huinga o ngā taurangi whakauru:

• teitei o te kōtaha paipa;
• whanui;
• te matotoru o te pakitara;
• te roa o te kurupae;
• te taumaha o te utanga.

Mena me tatau tātou i te iti rawa kia toru ngā uara o ia taurangi, me 243 ngā tāruaruatanga katoa. Mō te tāruaruatanga e rua meneti te roa, ko te roanga o te wā he 8 hāora—he rā mahi katoa! Mō tētahi rangahau whānui ake, kaua e toru noa ngā uara e whakamahia, engari kia 10, neke atu rānei.

I roto i te rangahau, ka mārama tonu me whakauru atu ētahi atu āhuatanga ki te tauira. Hei tauira, te whakamātautau i ngā momo maitai rerekē. Ka piki ake te rahinga o ngā tataunga i ngā tekau me ngā rau wā.

I roto i te horopaki o te ao tūturu, ka taea e te karetao te whakawātea i ngā rā o te kaipūtaiao, ka taea e te tohunga te whakamahi hei whakarite i tētahi tuhinga, koinei te tohu matua o te mahi a te kaipūtaiao.

Whakarāpopoto

Ko te "hua" a te miihini he taputapu tino mahi, he hoahoa. Mā te aunoa i ngā tātaitanga ka whakaiti i ngā mōrearea mā te whakawhanaketanga hoahoa hōhonu ake (he nui ake ngā tātaitanga, he maha atu ngā momo, he maha atu ngā kōwhiringa).

Ko te "hua" a te kaipūtaiao he whārite, he tauira, he whakaahuatanga poto rānei. Ā, ka nui ake ngā raraunga e uru ana ki te tātari, ka tika ake. Mā te otinga RPA ka āwhina i te whakaputa i ngā "whāngai" mōhiohio mō ngā tauira.

Me whakarāpopoto tā tātou tauira.

Ka taea te whakamahi i te tauira tatau hei tauira: he tauira piriti, he tauira miihini, he tauira pūnaha whakamahana. Me whakarite e te tohunga kia tika te taunekeneke o ngā wāhanga katoa o te tauira tetahi ki tetahi, ā, kia whakaratohia e te tauira he huinga o ngā tawhā me ngā taurangi matua.

Ko te taiao tatau he tono e whakamahia ana e te tohunga i roto i ā rātou mahi. Ansys, Autocad, Solidworks, FlowVision, Dialux, PowerMill, Archicad, tētahi atu mea rānei i whakawhanakehia i roto i te whare, pērā i te kaupapa whiriwhiri pā hau mō te kaihanga (tirohia ngā Kaupapa Kōwhiri Taputapu Systemair).

Ka whakaarohia e mātou he paetukutuku, he pātengi raraunga, he pepa Excel, me he kōnae txt hei pūtake raraunga.
Ko te hua whakamutunga o te mahi – he pūrongo – he tuhinga Word me ngā tuhinga kua hangaia aunoa, he hoahoa Excel, he huinga whakaahua mata, he pānui īmēra rānei.

Ka taea te whakamahi i te RPA i ngā wāhi katoa e taea ai te whakamahi i te tātari hangarau. Anei ētahi wāhanga:

• ngā tātaitanga kaha me te whakarerekētanga;
• ngā āhuatanga wai me te hau;
• te whakawhiti wera;
• te aukumetanga hiko;
• tātaritanga maha-mātauranga;
• hoahoa whakaputa uri;
• ngā kaupapa whakahaere mō te CNC (hei tauira, te kōhanga);
• rangahau hauora me te rangahau koiora;
• i roto i ngā tataunga o ngā pūnaha urupare, ngā pūnaha kore-pūmau rānei (ina me whakawhiti te hua whakamutunga ki ngā raraunga tuatahi, ā, me tukurua te tataunga).

I ēnei rā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā otinga RPA i roto i ngā pakihi hei whakahaere aunoa i ngā tukanga me te mahi me ngā raraunga. He maha ngā āhuatanga ōrite o ngā mahi a ngā kaimahi tari, ngā miihini, me ngā kaipūtaiao. Kua whakaaturia e mātou he pai ngā karetao mō ngā mahi miihini me te mahi pūtaiao.

Me whakarāpopoto ō tātou whakaaro.

1. Ngā mahi maha – āe, he taputapu whānui te RPA.
2. He māmā te ako - āe, he māmā noa iho, he māmā hoki te ako, engari me whai reo koe.
3. Te tere o te whanaketanga – āe, ka tere te hanga o te raupaparorohiko, ina koa ka mōhio koe ki te whakamahi i ngā taputapu hopu oro.
4. He mea whai hua te okioki mai i ngā mahi o ia rā mō ngā mahi nunui.

Source: will.com