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Artikel ieu bakal mertimbangkeun 2 kasus ngaganti disk jeung nransper informasi ka disk anyar kapasitas nu leuwih gede jeung perluasan salajengna tina susunan jeung sistem file. Kasus kahiji ngeunaan ngagantian disk sareng partisi MBR / MBR atanapi GPT / GPT anu sami, kasus kadua ngeunaan ngagantian disk sareng partisi MBR sareng disk anu kapasitasna langkung ti 2 TB, dimana anjeun kedah pasang. partisi GPT kalawan partisi biosboot. Dina duanana kasus, disk nu urang mindahkeun data geus dipasang dina server. Sistem file anu dianggo pikeun partisi akar nyaéta ext4.
Kasus 1: Ngaganti disk nu leuwih leutik ku disk nu leuwih gede (nepi ka 2TB)
Tugas: Ganti disk ayeuna sareng disk anu langkung ageung (dugi ka 2 TB) sareng transfer inpormasi. Dina hal ieu, urang gaduh 2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) disk kalawan sistem dipasang na 2 x 1 TB SATA disk nu sistem kudu ditransfer.
Hayu urang nempo perenah disk ayeuna.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Hayu urang parios rohangan sistem file anu ayeuna dianggo.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 32G 9,6M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,3G 192G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 6,3G 0 6,3G 0% /run/user/0
Ukuran sistem file sateuacan ngagentos disk nyaéta 204 GB, 2 susunan parangkat lunak md126 dianggo, anu dipasang dina /boot и md127, nu dipaké salaku volume fisik pikeun grup VG vg0.
1. Nyoplokkeun partitions disk ti arrays
Mariksa kaayaan Asép Sunandar Sunarya
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Sistim ieu ngagunakeun 2 arrays: md126 (titik pasang /boot) - diwangun ku bagian /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (LVM pikeun swap sareng akar sistem file) - diwangun ku /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.
Urang nandaan partisi tina disk munggaran nu dipaké dina unggal Asép Sunandar Sunarya salaku goréng.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2
Urang miceun partisi / dev / sda blok alat tina arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2Sanggeus kami geus dihapus disk ti Asép Sunandar Sunarya, informasi alat block bakal kasampak kawas kieu.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Kaayaan arrays sanggeus nyoplokkeun disk.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>2. Nyalin tabel partisi ka disk anyar
Anjeun tiasa pariksa tabel partisi anu dianggo dina disk nganggo paréntah di handap ieu.
fdisk -l /dev/sdb | grep 'Disk label type'
Kaluaran pikeun MBR bakal kieu:
Disk label type: dospikeun GPT:
Disk label type: gpt
Nyalin tabel partisi pikeun MBR:
sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sdcDina tim ieu kahiji disk dituduhkeun с saha markup disalin, kadua - dimana nyalin.
PERHATIAN: Pikeun GPT kahiji disk dituduhkeun di mana salinan markup, kadua disk nunjukkeun disk timana salinan markup. Lamun nyampur nepi disk, partisi mimitina alus bakal overwritten jeung ancur.
Nyalin tabel perenah pikeun GPT:
sgdisk -R /dev/sdс /dev/sdbSalajengna, napelkeun UUID acak ka disk (pikeun GPT).
sgdisk -G /dev/sdc
Saatos paréntah dieksekusi, partisi kedah muncul dina disk /dev/sdc.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
Upami, saatos tindakan dilaksanakeun, partisi dina sistem dina disk /dev/sdc undecided, lajeng urang ngaéksekusi paréntah pikeun reread tabel partisi.
sfdisk -R /dev/sdcUpami disk ayeuna nganggo tabel MBR sareng inpormasina kedah ditransfer ka disk anu langkung ageung ti 2 TB, teras dina disk énggal anjeun kedah ngadamel partisi GPT sacara manual nganggo partisi biosboot. Kasus ieu bakal dibahas dina Bagian 2 artikel ieu.
3. Nambahkeun partisi tina disk anyar pikeun Asép Sunandar Sunarya dina
Hayu urang tambahkeun partisi disk kana arrays pakait.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc1
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc2Urang pariksa yen bagian geus ditambahkeun.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Sanggeus ieu, urang ngadagoan arrays pikeun nyingkronkeun.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
[==>..................] recovery = 10.6% (24859136/233206784) finish=29.3min speed=118119K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Anjeun tiasa terus-terusan ngawas prosés singkronisasi nganggo utilitas watch.
watch -n 2 cat /proc/mdstat
parameter -n nangtukeun dina interval naon dina detik paréntah kudu dieksekusi pikeun mariksa kamajuan.
Ulang léngkah 1 - 3 pikeun ngagantian disk salajengna.
Urang nandaan partisi tina disk kadua anu dipaké dina unggal Asép Sunandar Sunarya salaku goréng.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2
Nyoplokkeun partitions alat block /dev/sdb ti arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2Sanggeus kami geus dihapus disk ti Asép Sunandar Sunarya, informasi alat block bakal kasampak kawas kieu.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
Kaayaan arrays sanggeus nyoplokkeun disk.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Nyalin tabel partisi MBR tina disk /dev/sdс kana disk /dev/sdd.
sfdisk -d /dev/sdс | sfdisk /dev/sdd
Saatos paréntah dieksekusi, partisi kedah muncul dina disk /dev/sdd.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part Nambahkeun partisi disk kana arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd1
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd2Urang pariksa yen bagian geus ditambahkeun.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Sanggeus ieu, urang ngadagoan arrays pikeun nyingkronkeun.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdd1[3] sdc1[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 0.5% (1200000/233206784) finish=35.4min speed=109090K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
5. Masang GRUB on drive anyar
Pikeun CentOS:
grub2-install /dev/sdXPikeun Debian/Ubuntu:
grub-install /dev/sdX
di mana X - hurup tina alat block. Dina hal ieu, anjeun kedah pasang GRUB on /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.
6. Ekstensi sistem file (ext4) tina partisi akar
Dina disk anyar /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd 931.5 GB sadia. Kusabab kanyataan yén tabel partisi disalin tina disk anu langkung alit, partisi /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 222.5 GB sadia.
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Ieu perlu:
- Manjangkeun partisi 2 dina unggal disk,
- Dilegakeun array md127,
- Ngalegaan PV (volume fisik),
- Dilegakeun LV (logical-volume) vg0-root,
- Kembangkeun sistem file.
Ngagunakeun utiliti parted hayu urang dilegakeun bagian /dev/sdc2 nepi ka nilai maksimum. Laksanakeun paréntah parted /dev/sdc (1) jeung nempo tabel partisi ayeuna jeung paréntah p (2).
Sakumaha anjeun tiasa tingali, tungtung partisi 2 ends dina 240 GB. Hayu urang dilegakeun partisi kalayan paréntah resizepart 2, dimana 2 nyaeta jumlah bagian (3). Kami nunjukkeun nilai dina format digital, contona 1000 GB, atanapi nganggo indikasi pangsa disk - 100%. Urang pariksa deui yén partisi ngabogaan ukuran anyar (4).
Ngulang léngkah di luhur pikeun disk /dev/sdd. Sanggeus ngembangna partitions /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 jadi sarua jeung 930.5 GB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Sanggeus ieu urang dilegakeun Asép Sunandar Sunarya md127 nepi ka maksimum.
mdadm --grow /dev/md127 --size=maxUrang pariksa yen Asép Sunandar Sunarya geus dimekarkeun. Ayeuna ukuranana geus jadi 930.4 GB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 930,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 930,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Ngalegaan extension volume fisik. Sateuacan ngalegaan, hayu urang pariksa kaayaan PV ayeuna.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/md127 VG vg0 lvm2 [222,40 GiB / 0 free]
Total: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in use: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]
Salaku bisa ditempo, PV /dev/md127 ngagunakeun 222.4 GB spasi.
Urang dilegakeun PV jeung paréntah di handap.
pvresize /dev/md127Mariksa hasil ékspansi PV.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/md127 VG vg0 lvm2 [930,38 GiB / 707,98 GiB free]
Total: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in use: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]Ngalegaan volume logis. Sateuacan ngalegaan, hayu urang pariksa kaayaan LV ayeuna (1).
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/root' [<206,41 GiB] inherit
LV /dev/vg0/root ngagunakeun 206.41 GB.
Urang dilegakeun LV jeung paréntah di handap (2).
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-rootUrang pariksa Peta réngsé (3).
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/root' [<914,39 GiB] inherit
Sakumaha anjeun tiasa tingali, saatos ngalegaan LV, jumlah rohangan disk anu dijajah janten 914.39 GB.
Volume LV geus ngaronjat (4), tapi sistem file masih nempatan 204 GB (5).
1. Hayu urang ngalegaan sistem file.
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-rootSaatos paréntah dieksekusi, urang pariksa ukuran sistem file.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 32G 9,5M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 900G 1,3G 860G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 6,3G 0 6,3G 0% /run/user/0Ukuran sistem file root bakal ningkat kana 900 GB. Saatos ngalengkepan léngkah-léngkah, anjeun tiasa nyabut disk anu lami.
Kasus 2: Ngaganti disk nu leuwih leutik ku disk nu leuwih gede (leuwih ti 2TB)
Tugas: Ganti disk ayeuna sareng disk anu langkung ageung (2 x 3TB) bari ngajaga inpormasi. Dina hal ieu, urang gaduh 2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) disk kalawan sistem dipasang na 2 x 3 TB SATA disk nu sistem kudu ditransfer. Disk ayeuna nganggo tabel partisi MBR. Kusabab disk anyar boga kapasitas leuwih gede ti 2 TB, maranéhanana kudu ngagunakeun tabel GPT, sabab MBR teu tiasa dianggo kalayan disk leuwih badag batan 2 TB.
Hayu urang nempo perenah disk ayeuna.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
Hayu urang pariksa tabel partisi dipaké dina disk /dev/sda.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda | grep 'Disk label type'
Disk label type: dos
Dina disk /dev/sdb a tabel partisi sarupa dipaké. Hayu urang pariksa spasi disk dipaké dina sistem.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,5M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,3G 192G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0Sakumaha anjeun tiasa tingali, akar sistem file nyandak 204 GB. Hayu urang pariksa kaayaan kiwari software RAID array.
1. Masang tabel partisi GPT jeung partisi disk
Hayu urang pariksa perenah disk ku séktor.
[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sda print
Модель: ATA KINGSTON SVP200S (scsi)
Диск /dev/sda: 240GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/512B
Таблица разделов: msdos
Disk Flags:
Номер Начало Конец Размер Тип Файловая система Флаги
1 1049kB 1076MB 1075MB primary загрузочный, raid
2 1076MB 240GB 239GB primary raid
Dina disk 3TB anyar urang kudu nyieun 3 partitions:
- Bagian
bios_grubUkuran 2MiB pikeun kasaluyuan GPT BIOS, - Partisi pikeun Asép Sunandar Sunarya RAID anu bakal dipasang
/boot. - The partisi pikeun Asép Sunandar Sunarya RAID on nu bakal aya akar LV и LV ngaganti.
Masang utilitas parted tim yum install -y parted (pikeun CentOS), apt install -y parted (pikeun Debian/Ubuntu).
Ngagunakeun parted Hayu urang ngajalankeun paréntah di handap pikeun partisi disk.
Laksanakeun paréntah parted /dev/sdc tur lebet kana mode ngedit perenah disk.
Jieun tabel partisi GPT.
(parted) mktable gpt
Jieun 1 bagian bios_grub bagian tur nyetel bandéra pikeun eta.
(parted) mkpart primary 1MiB 3MiB
(parted) set 1 bios_grub on
Jieun partisi 2 tur nyetel bandéra pikeun eta. Partisi bakal dianggo salaku blok pikeun RAID Asép Sunandar Sunarya sareng dipasang /boot.
(parted) mkpart primary ext2 3MiB 1028MiB
(parted) set 2 boot onKami nyiptakeun bagian ka-3, anu ogé bakal dianggo salaku blok Asép Sunandar Sunarya dimana LVM bakal aya.
(parted) mkpart primary 1028MiB 100% Dina hal ieu, teu perlu nyetél bandéra, tapi lamun perlu, éta bisa diatur ku paréntah di handap.
(parted) set 3 raid onUrang pariksa tabel dijieun.
(parted) p
Модель: ATA TOSHIBA DT01ACA3 (scsi)
Диск /dev/sdc: 3001GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/4096B
Таблица разделов: gpt
Disk Flags:
Номер Начало Конец Размер Файловая система Имя Флаги
1 1049kB 3146kB 2097kB primary bios_grub
2 3146kB 1077MB 1074MB primary загрузочный
3 1077MB 3001GB 3000GB primary
Urang napelkeun GUID acak anyar kana disk.
sgdisk -G /dev/sdd
2. Nyoplokkeun partisi tina disk munggaran ti arrays
Mariksa kaayaan Asép Sunandar Sunarya
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Sistim ngagunakeun 2 arrays: md126 (titik Gunung / boot) - diwangun ku /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (LVM pikeun swap sareng akar sistem file) - diwangun ku /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.
Urang nandaan partisi tina disk munggaran nu dipaké dina unggal Asép Sunandar Sunarya salaku goréng.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2
Nyoplokkeun partitions alat block /dev/sda ti arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2
Mariksa kaayaan Asép Sunandar Sunarya sanggeus nyoplokkeun disk.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
3. Nambahkeun partisi tina disk anyar pikeun Asép Sunandar Sunarya dina
Lengkah saterusna nyaéta nambahkeun partisi disk anyar kana arrays pikeun sinkronisasi. Hayu urang tingali kaayaan ayeuna tina perenah disk.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
Bagian /dev/sdc1 éta bios_grub bagian sarta henteu aub dina kreasi arrays. The arrays ngan bakal make /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdc3. Urang nambahkeun bagian ieu ka arrays pakait.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc2
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc3Teras we ngadagoan Asép Sunandar Sunarya pikeun nyingkronkeun.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc3[2] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
[>....................] recovery = 0.2% (619904/233206784) finish=31.2min speed=123980K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>Disk partitioning sanggeus nambahkeun partisi kana Asép Sunandar Sunarya.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk 4. Nyoplokkeun partitions tina disk kadua ti arrays
Urang nandaan partisi tina disk kadua anu dipaké dina unggal Asép Sunandar Sunarya salaku goréng.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2
Nyoplokkeun partitions alat block /dev/sda ti arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2
5. Nyalin tabel perenah GPT tur nyingkronkeun susunan
Pikeun nyalin tabel markup GPT kami bakal nganggo utiliti sgdisk, anu kalebet dina pakét pikeun damel sareng partisi disk sareng tabel GPT - gdisk.
setting gdisk pikeun CentOS:
yum install -y gdisk
setting gdisk pikeun Debian/Ubuntu:
apt install -y gdiskPERHATIAN: Pikeun GPT kahiji disk dituduhkeun di mana copy markup, kadua disk nunjukkeun disk timana nyalin markup. Lamun nyampur nepi disk, partisi mimitina alus bakal overwritten jeung ancur.
Salin tabel markup GPT.
sgdisk -R /dev/sdd /dev/sdc
Disk partitioning sanggeus mindahkeun tabel kana disk /dev/sdd.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part Salajengna, urang tambahkeun unggal partisi anu milu dina software RAID arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd2
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd3Kami ngantosan susunan pikeun nyinkronkeun.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 1/1 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdd3[3] sdc3[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 0.0% (148224/233206784) finish=26.2min speed=148224K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>Saatos nyalin partisi GPT ka disk anyar kadua, partisi bakal kasampak kawas kieu.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Salajengna, pasang GRUB dina disk anyar.
Pamasangan pikeun CentOS:
grub2-install /dev/sdXPamasangan pikeun Debian/Ubuntu:
grub-install /dev/sdX
di mana X - hurup drive, bisi urang drive /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.
Urang ngamutahirkeun informasi ngeunaan Asép Sunandar Sunarya.
Pikeun CentOS:
mdadm --detail --scan --verbose > /etc/mdadm.confPikeun Debian/Ubuntu:
echo "DEVICE partitions" > /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
mdadm --detail --scan --verbose | awk '/ARRAY/ {print}' >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
Ngamutahirkeun gambar initrd:
Pikeun CentOS:
dracut -f -v --regenerate-allPikeun Debian/Ubuntu:
update-initramfs -u -k allUrang ngamutahirkeun konfigurasi GRUB.
Pikeun CentOS:
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
Pikeun Debian/Ubuntu:
update-grubSaatos réngsé léngkah-léngkah, disk anu lami tiasa dipupus.
6. Ekstensi sistem file (ext4) tina partisi akar
Partisi disk sateuacan ékspansi sistem file saatos migrasi sistem ka disk 2 x 3TB (RAID-1).
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Ayeuna bagéan /dev/sdc3 и /dev/sdd3 ngeusian 2.7 TB. Kusabab urang nyiptakeun perenah disk anyar sareng tabel GPT, ukuran partisi 3 langsung disetel ka rohangan disk maksimum anu mungkin; dina hal ieu, henteu kedah dilegakeun partisi.
Ieu perlu:
- Dilegakeun array md126,
- Ngalegaan PV (volume fisik),
- Dilegakeun LV (logical-volume) vg0-root,
- Kembangkeun sistem file.
1. Dilegakeun Asép Sunandar Sunarya md126 nepi ka maksimum.
mdadm --grow /dev/md126 --size=max
Saatos ékspansi Asép Sunandar Sunarya md126 ukuran spasi nempatan geus ngaronjat nepi ka 2.7 TB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 2,7T 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 2,7T 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Ngalegaan volume fisik.
Sateuacan ngalegaan, pariksa nilai ayeuna tina PV rohangan anu dijajah /dev/md126.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a-- 222,40g 0 Urang dilegakeun PV jeung paréntah di handap.
pvresize /dev/md126
Urang pariksa Peta réngsé.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a-- <2,73t 2,51tNgalegaan volume logis vg0-root.
Saatos ngalegaan PV, hayu urang pariksa VG spasi nempatan.
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg0 1 2 0 wz--n- <2,73t 2,51tHayu urang pariksa spasi dikawasaan ku LV.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- <206,41g
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00g Volume vg0-root ngawengku 206.41 GB.
Urang dilegakeun LV ka spasi disk maksimum.
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-root Mariksa spasi LV sanggeus ékspansi.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- 2,71t
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00gNgalegaan sistem file (ext4).
Hayu urang pariksa ukuran ayeuna tina sistem file.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,6M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,4G 192G 1% /
/dev/md127 1007M 141M 816M 15% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0Volume / dev / mapper / vg0-root nempatan 204 GB sanggeus ékspansi LV.
Ngalegaan sistem file.
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-root
Mariksa ukuran sistem file saatos dilegakeun.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,6M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 2,7T 1,4G 2,6T 1% /
/dev/md127 1007M 141M 816M 15% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0
Ukuran sistem file geus ngaronjat pikeun nutupan sakabéh volume.
sumber: www.habr.com