Ngexesha lokugqibela thina malunga nendlela ukuvela kweePC ezifanelekileyo kuncede ngayo ukuvela kwesoftware yezemfundo, kubandakanywa nootitshala benyani. Ezi zamva zajika zaba ziiprototypes ezihambele phambili kakhulu zee-chatbots zanamhlanje, kodwa azizange ziphunyezwe ngobuninzi.
Ixesha libonise ukuba abantu abakulungele ukuyeka ootitshala "abaphilayo", kodwa oku akuzange kuphelise isoftware yezemfundo. Ngokuhambelana nabahlohli be-elektroniki, iteknoloji iphuhlisiwe, enkosi namhlanje unokufunda ngayo nanini na, naphi na - ukuba unomnqweno kuphela.
Ewe kunjalo, sithetha ngemfundo ye-intanethi.
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I-intanethi yeyunivesithi
Kwiminyaka ye-90, abathandi bewebhu bokuqala kunye nabavavanyi bathatha ngokuzithandela ukuphuhliswa kobuchwepheshe bezemfundo, besebenzisa ubuchule beWebhu yehlabathi jikelele. Ngoko ke, ngo-1995, unjingalwazi weYunivesithi yaseBritish Columbia uMurray Goldberg wagqiba ekubeni aphucule izifundo zakhe esebenzisa itekhnoloji yewebhu kwaye waqonda ukuba inethiwekhi inokudala ngokukhawuleza izixhobo zemfundo kwaye ibenze zifumaneke kubaphulaphuli abangenamkhawulo. Ekuphela kwento eyayingekho yayiliqonga elaliza kudibanisa yonke le misebenzi. Kwaye i-Goldberg ibonise iprojekthi enjalo - umsebenzi waqala ngo-1997 , inkqubo yokuqala yehlabathi yolawulo lwezifundo kwimfundo ephakamileyo.
Kakade ke, le nkqubo yayingeyomfuneko. Yagxekwa ngenxa yojongano oluntsonkothileyo, isiseko sekhowudi "esinzima" kunye neengxaki zokuhambelana nesikhangeli. Nangona kunjalo, ukusuka kwindawo yokusebenza, iWebCT yayinayo yonke into esiyifunayo. Abafundi nootitshala banokwenza imisonto yeengxoxo, bancokole kwi-Intanethi, batshintshiselane ngee-imeyile zangaphakathi, kunye nokukhuphela amaxwebhu kunye namaphepha ewebhu. Iingcali kunye neengcali kuluntu lwezemfundo zaqala ukubiza iinkonzo ezinjalo ze-intanethi njengemeko yemfundo ebonakalayo (iNdawo yokuFunda ebonakalayo, ).
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Ngo-2004, iWebCT isetyenziswe ngabafundi abazizigidi ezili-10 abavela kwiiyunivesithi kunye neekholeji zamawaka amabini anesiqingatha ezikumazwe angama-80. Kwaye kamva kancinane - ngo-2006 - iprojekthi yathengwa ngabakhuphisana nabo . Kwaye namhlanje, iimveliso zale nkampani ngokwenene yenye yemigangatho yoshishino - inani elikhulu lamaziko emfundo ahamba phambili emhlabeni asasebenza kunye nabo.
Ngelo xesha, izinto ezininzi ezintsha zazingeniswa kule mveliso. Ngokomzekelo, iphakheji yemigangatho kunye neenkcukacha ze-SCORM (i-Sharable Content Object Reference Model), edibanisa iteknoloji yokutshintshiselana kwedatha phakathi komxhasi wenkqubo yokufunda kwi-intanethi kunye nomncedisi wayo. Kwiminyaka nje embalwa kamva, i-SCORM yaba yenye yezona migangatho zixhaphakileyo “zokupakisha” umxholo wemfundo, kwaye isaxhaswa kwaye isetyenziswa ngokusebenzayo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo. .
Kutheni VLE
Kutheni ootitshala benyani bahlala belibali lendawo, ngelixa iinkqubo ze-VLE zafikelela kwinqanaba lehlabathi? Babonelele ngokusebenza okulula nokubhetyebhetye ngakumbi, kwakubiza ixabiso eliphantsi ukuphuhlisa nokugcina, kwaye bekulungele ngakumbi abasebenzisi nootitshala. Inkqubo yolawulo lokufunda kwi-intanethi, okokuqala... yinkqubo ye-intanethi, iwebhusayithi. Ayinaso isiseko sesoftware “esikhulu” ekufuneka siqonde izinto ezingenayo kwaye ucinge ukuba ungaphendula njani kuzo.
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Enyanisweni, yonke inkqubo enjalo kufuneka ibe nakho ukukhuphela umxholo kunye nokusasaza kumaqela abasebenzisi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba izisombululo ze-VLE zazingachaswanga nootitshala “abaphilayo”. Zazingajoliswanga njengesixhobo esiya kuthi ekugqibeleni sikhuphe amashumi amawaka abasebenzi baseyunivesithi; endaweni yoko, ezo nkqubo bezifanele ukwenza lula imisebenzi yazo, zandise amathuba omsebenzi kunye nokunyusa izinga lokufumaneka kwezixhobo. Kwaye ke kwenzekile, iinkqubo ze-VLE zibonelele ngokufikeleleka lula kulwazi kwaye zanceda ekuphuculeni umsebenzi kwiikhosi zemfundo kumakhulu eedyunivesithi.
Yonke into kumntu wonke
Ngexesha lokusasazwa kweWebCT, inguqulelo ye-beta yeqonga le-intanethi yaqala ukusebenza . Ngo-2002, kwakunzima ukuqikelela ukubaluleka kwesi siganeko - enye yeeyunivesithi eziphambili kwihlabathi yavula ukufikelela simahla kwiikhosi ezingama-32. Ngo-2004, inani labo ladlula kuma-900, yaye inxalenye ebalulekileyo yeenkqubo zemfundo yayiquka iividiyo ezirekhodiweyo zeentetho.
Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, kwi-2008, izifundiswa zaseCanada uGeorge Siemens, uStephen Downes, kunye noDave Cormier basungula i-Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) yokuqala. Abafundi abangama-25 abahlawulwayo baba ngabaphulaphuli babo, kwaye abanye abaphulaphuli abangama-2300 bafumana ukufikelela simahla kwaye baqhagamshelwe ngenethiwekhi.
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Isihloko se-MOOC yokuqala yajika yaba yeyona ifanelekileyo - ezi yayizizifundo malunga nokunxibelelana, ezibhekiselele kwisayensi yengqondo kunye nezifundo zengqondo nezokuziphatha kuthungelwano. Unxibelelwano lusekwe ekufikeleleni okuvulelekileyo kulwazi, “okungamele luthintelwe lixesha okanye izithintelo zejografi.”
Abaququzeleli bezifundo basebenzise obona buchwepheshe buphezulu be-Intanethi obufumanekayo kubo. Babambe iiwebinars, babloga, kwaye bamema abaphulaphuli kwihlabathi elibonakalayo loBomi beSibini. Zonke ezi tshaneli zasetyenziswa kamva kwezinye ii-MOOCs. Ngo-2011, iYunivesithi yaseStanford yasungula izifundo ezintathu ze-intanethi, kwaye kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, ngaphezu kwe-900 iinkqubo ezinjalo zanikezelwa kubafundi baseUnited States kuphela.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba abaqalisi bathathe imfundo. Utitshala waseMelika uSalman Khan eyakho "i-academy", apho izigidi zabasebenzisi zifunda khona. I-portal ye-Coursera, eyaphehlelelwa ngo-2012 ngoonjingalwazi ababini baseStanford, yayiqokelele abasebenzisi abazizigidi ezingama-2018 ngo-33, kwaye ngo-Agasti ka-2019, izifundo ezingama-3600 ezivela kwiiyunivesithi ezili-190 zafakwa kwi-portal. I-Udemy, i-Udacity kunye nezinye iinkonzo ezininzi zivule umnyango wolwazi olutsha, imisebenzi kunye nezinto zokuzonwabisa.
Yintoni elandelayo
Ayizizo zonke itekhnoloji eziphile ngokulindelekileyo ekuqaleni. Ngokomzekelo, iingcali ezininzi kunye nootitshala baqikelele ukuthandwa kakhulu kweenkqubo zokwenyani, kodwa eneneni, uninzi lwabafundi aluzange lufune ukuthatha iikhosi zokulingwa zeVR. Kodwa kusekusasa kakhulu ukuba ufikelele kwizigqibo ezimbalwa zamaziko emfundo ziye zazama ezi teknoloji, kwaye kwezinye iindawo i-VR ifumene abaphulaphuli bayo - iinjineli zexesha elizayo kunye noogqirha sele beqhuba utyando kwii-simulators ezibonakalayo kunye nokufunda ukuyilwa kweendlela ezinzima. . Ngendlela, siza kuthetha malunga nophuhliso olunjalo kunye nokuqalisa kwizinto ezilandelayo ekuqaleni konyaka ozayo.
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Ngokuphathelele ii-MOOCs, iingcali zibiza le ndlela yesoftware yezemfundo yeyona mpumelelo iphambili kule ndawo kule minyaka ingama-200 idlulileyo. Ewe, sele kunzima ukucinga ngelizwe elingenayo imfundo ye-intanethi. Nokuba zeziphi na iinjongo ozibekele yona, naziphi na izihloko onomdla kuzo, lonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko lufumaneka ngocofa nje olunye. Kweli nqaku, sigqibezela ibali lethu lesoftware yemfundo. Kholelwa kuwe kwaye yonke into iya kwenzeka!
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