IQuora: Yeyiphi eyona nto imangalisayo eyenziwe yikhompyutha?
Alan Kay: Usazama ukufunda indlela yokucinga ngcono.
Ndicinga ukuba impendulo iya kufana kakhulu nempendulo yombuzo othi "yeyiphi eyona nto imangalisayo ekubhaleni (kwaye emva koko umatshini wokushicilela) wenze ukuba kwenzeke."
Ayisiyiyo into yokuba ukubhala kunye noshicilelo kwenze ukuba kube nohlobo olwahluke ngokupheleleyo lokuhamba ngexesha nakwindawo, nto leyo ingumba omangalisayo nobalulekileyo, kodwa ukuba indlela entsha yokuhamba ngeengcinga yavela njengesiphumo sentsingiselo yokufunda ukufunda nokubhala. bhala ngokutyibilikayo. Uphononongo oluninzi lubonise ukuba iinkcubeko zokufunda nokubhala zahlukile ngokomgangatho kwiinkcubeko zomlomo zemveli, kwaye unxulumano phakathi kokubhala nempucuko lukhona kwaye aluyonto yanto yanto.
Olunye utshintsho lomgangatho lwenzekile ngokufika koshicilelo, kwaye zombini ezi nguqu ziyabhida kancinane, kuba nganye kuzo ekuqaleni yayiluhlobo lokuzenzekelayo lwento eyayiza ngaphambili: intetho yokurekhoda kunye nokushicilela oko kubhaliweyo. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, umahluko "yayiyintoni enye?" "Kwaye yintoni enye?" inento yokwenza "nento eyahlukileyo" eyenzekayo xa umntu etyibilika kuso nasiphi na isixhobo, ngakumbi eso siphethe zombini iingcamango kunye nezenzo.
Kukho okuninzi okunokongezwa apha okunokugqithisa ubude bempendulo eqhelekileyo yeQuora, kodwa kuqala makhe sijonge ukuba ukubhala nokushicilela kuthetha ukuthini kwingcaciso kunye nengxoxo. Iindlela ezintsha zokubhala nokufunda ngoku ziyafumaneka ngokwemo, ubude, ulwakhiwo kunye nodidi lomxholo. Kwaye konke oku kukhula kunye neentlobo ezintsha zeengcamango.
Ngokukhanya oku, umbuzo unokubuzwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: yintoni esemgangathweni entsha kwaye ibalulekile ukuba iikhomputha zizisa. Cinga malunga nokuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuchaza nje ingcamango, kodwa nokukwazi ukuyifanisa, ukuyiphumeza, kwaye uhlolisise iimpembelelo zayo kunye neengcinga ezifihliweyo ngendlela engazange yenziwe ngaphambili. UJoseph Carl Robnett Licklider, owaququzelela uphando lokuqala lwe-ARPA olukhokelela kubuchwepheshe banamhlanje beekhomputha zomntu kunye nothungelwano oluhlala kuyo yonke indawo, wabhala ngo-1960 (echaza kancinane): "Kwiminyaka embalwa, ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu kunye neekhomputha buya kuqala ukucinga ngolu hlobo , njengoko kungekho mntu wayenokucinga ngako ngaphambili.β
Lo mbono ekuqaleni wawunxulunyaniswa nezixhobo ezongezelelweyo kunye nezithuthi, kodwa ngokukhawuleza wamkelwa njengombono omkhulu ngakumbi wotshintsho kwiintlobo zonxibelelwano kunye neendlela zokucinga eziya kuba njengenguquko njengoko ziziswa ngokubhala kunye nokushicilela.
Ukuze siqonde okwenzekileyo, kufuneka sijonge kuphela kwimbali yokubhala kunye noshicilelo ukuze siqaphele iziphumo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kakhulu: (a) okokuqala, utshintsho olukhulu kakhulu kwiminyaka engama-450 edlulileyo kwindlela umhlaba wenyama kunye nentlalontle ejongwa ngayo ngokuyilwa inzululwazi yale mihla kunye nolawulo, kunye (b) nokuba uninzi lwabantu abafunda konke basathanda ngokuyintloko iincwadi ezingeyonyani, ukuzinceda kunye neencwadi zenkolo, iincwadi zokupheka, njl.njl. (ezisekelwe kwezona ncwadi zifundwa kakhulu kwiminyaka eli-10 yokugqibela eMelika). Zonke izihloko ezinokuthi ziqheleke kuyo nayiphi na i-caveman.
Enye indlela yokujonga oku kukuba xa kuvela indlela entsha enamandla yokuzibonakalisa eyayingekho kwimizila yethu yemfuza ukuze ibe yinxalenye yeenkcubeko zemveli, kufuneka sibe nobuchule kuyo kwaye siyisebenzise. Ngaphandle koqeqesho olukhethekileyo, imidiya entsha iya kusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukwenza iindlela zakudala zokucinga. Nalapha, iziphumo zisilindele, ngakumbi ukuba iindlela ezintsha zokusasaza ulwazi zisebenza ngakumbi kunezo zindala, ezinokukhokelela kwi-glut esebenza njengeziyobisi ezisemthethweni (njengakwimeko yokukwazi ukuguqulwa kwezoshishino ukuvelisa iswekile kwaye amafutha, ngoko kwimekobume Kuza kubakho intsalela yamabali, iindaba, iimeko kunye neendlela ezintsha zokunxibelelana ngomlomo.
Kwelinye icala, phantse zonke isayensi kunye nobunjineli zinokwenzeka kuphela ngenxa yeekhompyuter, kwaye ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokukwazi kweekhompyuter ukulinganisa izimvo (kubandakanywa "umbono wokucinga" ngokwawo), ngenxa yegalelo elikhulu lokuba ushicilelo sele lukhona. yenziwe.
UEinstein waphawula ukuba βasinakukwazi ukuzicombulula iingxaki zethu ngemilinganiselo yokucinga efanayo neyayidalayo.β Sinokusebenzisa iikhompyutha ukusombulula uninzi lweengxaki zethu ezinkulu ngeendlela ezintsha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, siya kuba sengxakini eyoyikekayo ukuba sisebenzisa iikhomputha ukudala amanqanaba amatsha eengxaki apho inqanaba lethu lokucinga lingalungiswanga kwaye kufuneka liphetshwe kwaye lipheliswe. Umzekeliso omhle unokufunyanwa kumabinzana athi βizixhobo zenyukliya ziyingozi kuyo nayiphi na into yomntu,β kodwa βizixhobo zenyukliya ezisezandleni zabaphangi bemiqolomba ziyingozi ngakumbi.β
Isicatshulwa esikhulu sikaVi Hart: "Kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba ubulumko bomntu bungaphezulu kwamandla omntu."
Yaye asibufumani ubulumko ngaphandle komgudu omkhulu, ingakumbi kubantwana abasandulβ ukuvela neengcamango zabo ngehlabathi abazalelwa kulo.
Inguqulelo: Yana Shchekotova
Amanye amanqaku ngu-Alan Kay
umthombo: www.habr.com