(Siqhubeka nothotho lwezincoko ezisuka kwimbali yeyunivesithi yethu ebizwa ngokuba yi “Red Hogwarts”. Namhlanje - malunga nobomi bokuqala bomnye wabaphumeleleyo bethu ababini abangcwatywe kudonga lwaseKremlin)
U-Avramy Pavlovich Zavenyagin wazalwa ngokukhala kweentsimbi ngosuku oluqaqambileyo lwe-Ista, ngo-Epreli 1, into efanayo eqhelekileyo phantse kuwo onke amaqhawe am ngo-1901. Oku kwenzeka kwisikhululo sikaloliwe sase-Uzlovaya kwingingqi yaseTula. Wazalelwa kwintsapho yomqhubi welocomotive uPavel Ustinovich Zavenyagin, kwaye wayengumntwana wesithoba kunye nokugqibela.
Wafumana igama lakhe elinqabileyo - Avramiy - enkosi "kwikhalenda yeSytin" eyayisaziwa ngelo xesha, eyayisithi umhla woku-1 ku-Epreli lusuku lwe-Holy Martyr Avramiy. Kamva, ngeenzame zamagosa epasipoti, igama lesibini elithi "a" langena kwigama, enkosi apho abantwana beqhawe lethu baphelela kwii-patronymics ezahlukeneyo: unyana waba nguYuli Avramievich ubomi bakhe bonke, kwaye intombi yayinguYevgenia Avramievna.
Kwintsapho enkulu, nangona kunjalo, abazange bazikhathaze ngenani leeleta kwaye babiza nje yokugqibela ngokuthi Avraney.
Kodwa oku akuzange kuhlale xesha lide.
Phantse ubomi bakhe bonke uAvramiy Pavlovich wayebizwa ngokuba nguAvramiy Pavlovich, oku kuphawulwa ngabo bonke abakhumbulayo. Babesoloko befowuna. Naxa wayefunda unyaka wokuqala.
Wabhala le nto umfundi afunda naye : "U-Abrahamiy Pavlovich Zavenyagin wayengunobhala wangaphambili wekomiti; igama lakhe lalisoloko, nakwiminyaka yakhe yomfundi, u-Abram Pavlovich.". Uphinde watsho omnye owayesakuba ngumfundi weZiko lezeMigodi, isazi ngendalo uLeonid Gromov: “Andikhumbuli nabani na embiza ngegama, nguAbram Palych kuphela. Andikhumbuli ukuba nawuphi na wabafundi, ngaphandle kwakhe, babizwa ngegama labo lokuqala kunye ne-patronymic. ... Kwaye yazihambela yodwa, ngaphandle kwesikhalazo okanye impembelelo evela kuye.”
Le nyaniso ilandelayo nayo inika umdla. U-Avramiy Pavlovich ngokwakhe, njengoko kwakuqhelekile kwiintsapho zoosolusapho, wabiza abazali bakhe "wena" ubomi bakhe bonke. Akukho nto ikhethekileyo ngale nto, kunjalo. Okumangalisa ngakumbi kukuba, ukusuka kwinqanaba elithile, uPavel Ustinovich ngokukhawuleza waqala "ukumthiya" unyana wakhe omncinci, kwaye ngoko babonisa inhlonipho omnye komnye iminyaka emininzi.
Njengoko intombi yeqhawe lethu yatshoyo, usapho lwaluthanda ukukhumbula isiqendu sendlela utatomkhulu, efunde ngokuqeshwa konyana wakhe njengomlawuli weMagnitka, indawo eyayisakhiwa ngelo xesha kweli lizwe, apho unomathotholo kunye namaphephandaba babencokola. ukususela ekuseni ukuya ngokuhlwa, ngoko nangoko weza eMoscow. “Wayevuya kakhulu, ethandabuza ixesha elide kwaye nangona kunjalo wabuza unyana wakhe omdala omnye, kodwa umbuzo obalulekileyo:
"Abramy, ungawubamba lo msebenzi?"
UPavel Ustinovich Zavenyagin
Zonke ezi zinto zingaqhelekanga zichazwa ngokulula-u-Avramiy Palych wayenetalente eyodwa yokuzalwa.
Abanye abantu ngokwendalo banikwa isandi esipheleleyo, ngelixa abanye benesiphiwo selizwi elingafuneki nokuba "liveliswe." Owesithathu akazange abandakanyeke kwimidlalo ukususela ekuzalweni, kodwa wanikwa amandla amangalisayo ukususela ekuzalweni - ndibabonile abantu abanjalo. Kwaye u-Avramiy Pavlovich wanikwa ekuzalweni amandla angenakulinganiswa okulawula abantu kunye nokusombulula iingxaki ezabelwe.
U-Avramy Pavlovich Zavenyagin wayengumphathi ngobabalo lukaThixo.
Ndiyakhumbula ukuba umdali wePolish Solidarity, uLech Walesa, wayedla ngokubizwa ngokuba "sisilwanyana sezopolitiko" ngenxa yetalente yakhe yokuzalwa njengezopolitiko. Kule meko, uZavenyagin "wayeyisilwanyana sokulawula" - akukho mntu ungcono kunaye unokusombulula ingxaki enikiweyo ngendlela efanelekileyo, ngelixa esebenzisa izixhobo ezikhoyo ngendlela efanelekileyo. Akumangalisi ukuba into awayeyithanda kakhulu uZavenyagin ubomi bakhe bonke yayingamazwi embongi uBaratynsky:
"Ukunikela ngumyalelo, kwaye kufuneka uwufezekise, ngaphandle kwayo nayiphi na imiqobo."
Le talente yakhe yazibonakalisa ebusheni bakhe bokuqala, xa wayefunda kwisikolo sangempela kwidolophu yaseSkopin, i-Uzlovaya engummelwane. Njengawo onke amaqhawe am, uZavenyagin wafika kwi-revolution kwangethuba - waba lilungu leqela leBolshevik eneminyaka eyi-16, ngokukhawuleza emva kwe-revolution, ngoNovemba 1917.
Kwaye, nje ukuba angenele, waqalisa umsebenzi wombutho njengedada eliseza.
Imini nobusuku uqhuba umsebenzi wepati eTula, Uzlovaya, Skopin naseRyazan. Emva koko kwaqala iMfazwe Yombango. Kwaye ke umhleli omncinci wephephandaba laseRyazan u-Izvestia ubhalela udade uMaria:
“NgoLwesibini ndiya ngaphambili okanye ndisiya eMoscow kwizifundo zokuyalela. Ayikho enye indlela yokuphuma. I-Kolchak, igwetyiwe, icinezela. Zola usapho lwakho. Ndiza kubhala ngakumbi ngelinye ixesha. Ukuba umama ugqiba kwelokuba eze kum, thetha nam. Ndikunqwenelela ulonwabo."
Njengoko usazi, akukho ndawo abantu bakhula ngokukhawuleza njengasemfazweni. U-Zavenyagin oneminyaka eli-18 ubudala wagqiba imfazwe yamakhaya kwisikhundla sekholoneli njengentloko yesebe lezopolitiko kwi-Ryazan Infantry Division, kwaye emva kokuchithwa kwecandelo, iqela lathumela i-commissar encinci emsebenzini weqela e-Donbass - "bonke. - Umkhosi waseRashiya. "
***
Imimandla efumene isazisi sayo ithandabuza kakhulu ukwahlukana nayo.
I-Donbass ayinjalo.
I-Donbass ihlala ibonakala ngathi i-Donbass - zombini kwiminyaka yeshumi yekhulu lama-XNUMX, nakwi-nineties ye-XXth inkulungwane, kunye namashumi amabini enkulungwane ye-XX. Ngawo onke amaxesha naphantsi kwalo naluphi na ulawulo, kusekho amathafa afanayo, imfumba yenkunkuma efanayo, kwanalaa “Donetsk smart boys” adume kakubi.
Icandelo lokugqibela lalilungile kakhulu kwi-20 yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Ngexesha leMfazwe yombango, i-madhouse epheleleyo yayiqhubeka kwintsimi yaseDonbass - amaBolsheviks, ama-White Guards-Kaledinians, "abazimeleyo" be-Central Rada, iBolsheviks kwakhona, kodwa ngeli xesha leRiphabhliki yaseDonetsk-Krivoy Rog, i-Haidamaks eneenwele ezinde. , uSich Riflemen kunye ne-Cossacks ye-UPR bazulazula kulo mmandla, betshintshana ngesiphithiphithi. , abahlali base-Austrian kunye nabemi baseJamani, kwakhona "i-share-shapers", kodwa sele sele i-hetman, amaqela emigodi, uDon white Cossacks-Krasnovtsy, imikhosi yase-Anglo-French. , imikhosi yabavukeli be-anarcho-communist, i-Denikin's Mai-Maevsky, izahlulo zemipu ebomvu ye-Antonov-Ovseenko, i-Makhnovist Revolution yomkhosi we-Ukraine, iWrangelites...
Ataman we Gaydamak Kosh of Sloboda Ukraine E.I. Volokh
Abemi basekuhlaleni bacaphuka kancinane ngenxa yolu qhushululu baza bagqiba kwelokuba bangazimiseli ecaleni.
Phantse zonke iilali ezizihloniphayo zaziyila imikhosi yazo yokuzikhusela, ebizwa ngokuba “yiqela lemigulukudu” elikhokelwa ngutata-ataman. Amaxesha amaninzi, ulwakhiwo olunjalo lwalulawula indawo yalo, kodwa ngamaxesha athile aluzange luzibandeze ulonwabo lokugqogqa imigqomo yabamelwane babo. Inani lee-detachments ezinjalo alinakubalwa; kwakukho amawaka kubo, bavela kwaye banyamalala, ngamanye amaxesha baqokelelana kwiimbumbano ezinkulu kuphela ukuba bahlukane nangawuphi na umzuzu.
Ngomnyaka we-1920, xa uZavenyagin wathunyelwa ukuseka amandla eSoviet eDonbass, i-madhouse yayisaqhubeka. Uninzi lwezixeko zaseDonbass zilawulwa yiBolsheviks, eVolnovakha naseMariupol - yiWrangelites, iStarobelsk ilawulwa yiMakhnovists.
Kwangaxeshanye, akukho mandla ngaphandle kweendawo ezinkulu ezinabemi, ngaphandle kwaloo “makhwenkwe” asekuhlaleni anemipu esarhiweyo ehlanganisene kumaqela amaninzi emigulukudu.
Kodwa kunye namaMakhnovists, njengesiqabu kwiiBolsheviks, "izivumelwano ze-Old Belye" zagqitywa, ngokubhekiselele apho iBolsheviks "ebomvu" kunye ne-anarchists "emnyama" - abalandeli bakaBawo uNestor - benza intsebenziswano yesikhashana eyenzelwe ukugxotha imikhosi. IiWrangelites zasemzini "ezimhlophe" ezivela kwiDonbass. Ngoko ke abaxhasi bokhetho lwentlalontle baya kuqhubeka belwa phakathi kwabo ngesazela esicocekileyo.
Ikomkhulu le-Makhnovist Insurgent Army lixoxa ngeprojekthi yokoyisa i-Wrangelites, i-Starobelsk, ngo-1920.
Nangona kunjalo, uZavenyagin wathatha inxaxheba encinci kwiidabi, wayesebenza ngokukodwa - njengomphathi. Kuba imfazwe yimfazwe, kodwa owona msebenzi uphambili yayingekokutshabalalisa amaqela angafiyo. I-Donbass ngaloo minyaka yayiyeyona ndawo iphambili yamafutha elizwe. Kwaye yayikukubuyiselwa kwemigodi yamalahle eyona nto iphambili. Bonke abasebenzi basezimayini abafanelekileyo abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50 bahlanganiswa kwi-Ukrainian Labour Army edaliwe, kunye neengcali zobugcisa - ukuya kwi-65 yeminyaka ubudala. NgoJuni 1920, iphephandaba laseYuzovsky elithi "Ubuzwilakhe baBasebenzi" labhala:
“Umsebenzi wethu olandelayo kukuphunyezwa okuzingileyo kokugaywa kwabasebenzi... Udityaniso olupheleleyo lwazo zonke izinto ezingezizo ezabasebenzi... Akukho ndawo yezifunxi-gazi kunye nabangasebenziyo kwiriphabliki yabasebenzi.
Basenokudutyulwa okanye baculwe kumatye okusila amakhulu.”
Inkxalabo yethu ilula, inkxalabo yethu yile:
Bendiya kuhlala kwilizwe lakowethu kwaye ndingabi naxhala limbi.
Nekhephu, nomoya, neenkwenkwezi ebusuku;
Intliziyo yam indibizela kumgama onexhala.
Kwaye kwi-Donbass, i-Zavenyagin, njengoko besithi, "yayiphantsi kwe-spell ye-satana." Ngenxa yetalente yakhe yendalo, wenza umsebenzi oqaqambileyo kwaye ukhula ngokukhawuleza kwiinqanaba kunye nezikhundla.
Enyanisweni, nantoni na eyenzekayo - kwakukho apho, eDonbass, apho uZavenyagin wafumana isigwebo sakhe sokuqala kunye nesigwebo esinzima: ngo-1920, wagwetywa iminyaka eyi-15 ngenxa yokufuduka kweso sixeko ngaphambi kwexesha leNkundla ye-XIII. yaseYuzovka, ngoku eDonetsk. Enyanisweni, akazange asebenze iminyaka eyi-15, kodwa iintsuku ezininzi, emva koko isigwebo sachithwa, kwaye umntu onetyala wahlaziywa ngesigqibo seKomishoni yoLawulo oluPhezulu lwe-RCP (b).
Isityalo se-Yuzovsky Metallurgical. 1918
Apho, eDonbass, i-commissar ithe cwaka yaba ligosa:
UAvramiy Pavlovich uba, ngokwesigama sangoku, intloko yolawulo lwezixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kwaye hayi ezincinci. Ngoko nangoko ekufikeni kwakhe eDonbass, ngoFebruwari 1920, wathabatha isikhundla sokuba ngusihlalo wekomiti yoguquko yesithili kwisixeko saseDonbass esandula saziwa ngokubanzi eSlavyansk, yaye ngoSeptemba watshintshelwa njengonobhala wekomiti yeqela lesithili eYuzovka.
Ngemali yethu - usodolophu waseDonetsk. Kwaye oku kwiminyaka eyi-19 ubudala!
Nangona kunjalo, njengoko u-Alexander Kozachinsky owayephila ngexesha likaZavenyagin wabhala kamva kwincwadi ethi "The Green Van": Wayeneminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo kuphela ubudala, kodwa ngezo mini abantu babengothuswa yiyo nantoni na ngaphandle kobutsha.”.
Ukuze abonakale ehlonipheke ngakumbi, uZavenyagin ukhulisa iidevu zendlela eyayisefashonini, namhlanje ebizwa ngokuba “yindlela kaHitler.” Ngokungathi ukubuyisela oku, uFatum okhohlakeleyo ngokukhawuleza "wamnceda" ukuba abonakale ekhulile ngakumbi - sele eneminyaka engama-20 ubudala, unobhala wekomiti ngokukhawuleza waqala ukuba nempandla.
Kanye kunye и , uZavenyagin wayengenaso imfuneko yokubalekela eMoscow, yonke into yayihamba kakuhle naye endaweni yakhe. U-Avramiy Pavlovich wakhawuleza waba ngumhlobo kunye namakomanisi asekuhlaleni waza wafumana abahlobo bokwenene kunye nabaqhelana nabo abaluncedo kwiDonbass, eya kuba luncedo kuye ngaphezu kweyodwa ebomini.
Umhlobo osenyongweni ka-Avramiy iminyaka emininzi wayengusihlalo weBhunga leSithili saBasebenzi, uTit Korzhikov, kunye nabo bakhokela ikomiti yesithili saseYuzovsky.
Vumela ingxaki emva kwenkathazo isoyikise mna nawe,
Kodwa ubuhlobo bam nawe buya kususwa kukufa kuphela.
Nekhephu, nomoya, neenkwenkwezi ebusuku;
Intliziyo yam indibizela kumgama onexhala.
Nantsi ifoto yobunkokeli beYuzovka - Korzhikov embindini, ngasekhohlo kwakhe - iZavenyagin.
Kunye noTito kwafuneka batyhutyhe eCrimea naseRoma - ngoko kwakungenakwenzeka ngaphandle kwayo. Njengoko besenditshilo, i-Donbass kwi-20 yayikhumbuza kakhulu i-Donbass kwiminyaka engama-90 - yayiyi-patchwork yemimandla elawulwa ngamaqela amaninzi anobudlelwane obunzima kunye nomnye.
Kwaye ukubaluleka kweqela ngalinye kwakumiselwa linani labalweli eliza kubamba iqhaza kulo, ngoko ke amaxesha ngamaxesha kwakufuneka baphume “beyokumela abahlobo babo.”
Ngokomzekelo, i-"Ukomovskys", apho i-Zavenyagin yayihlala khona, nangona imeko yabo ephakamileyo esemthethweni, ngamaxesha athile kwakufuneka icele inkxaso kwintlangano yeqela lesikolo sobugcisa saseYuzov. Kwaye aba balweli, abadumileyo eYuzovka, bakhokelwa ngumkhomanisi osemncinci ogama linguNikita, owayesandul 'ukubuya kwiMfazwe Yombutho, ogama linguKhrushchev.
Ngendlela, akazange ashiye umfanekiso "we-smart kid" ixesha elide, nantsi ikamva "umlimi wombona" (ngasekhohlo) kunye nabahlobo eholideyini eKislovodsk ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-30.
Kwaye apha kubalulekile ukuqonda i-nuance enye - nangona ngokusemthethweni iKhrushchev yayingaphantsi kweZavenyagin, ubudlelwane bokwenyani phakathi kwekomiti yephondo kunye nemibutho yeqela lesixeko yayingeyobudlelwane phakathi komphathi kunye nabaphantsi, kodwa kunoko phakathi kwenkosi kunye nokungagunyaziswanga. abakhonzi.
Xa behlangene, "abaphantsi" banokubhukuqa ngokulula "abaphezulu", oko kwenzekayo kunye nomlandeli kaZavenyagin, uKonstantin Moiseenko.
Nantsi indlela uKhrushchev athetha ngayo kwiinkumbulo zakhe:
UZavenyagin wayengunobhala wekomiti yeqela lesithili. Ukuphumelela kwam kwiziko labasebenzi, uMoiseenko waba ngunobhala wekomiti yesithili (emva koko bafuduka besuka kwizithili ukuya kwizithili). NgoAprili 1925, iNkomfa yeQela leXIV yavulwa. Ndinyulelwe kuyo kumbutho weqela laseYuzovsky. Yayikhokelwa nguMoiseenko ("Kostyan", njengoko sasimbiza njalo), esele ndikhankanyile. Wayengumfundi ongazange aphumelele kwisikolo sezonyango, isithethi esibalaseleyo kunye nomququzeleli olungileyo. Waye wahlulwa ngochuku oluqinileyo lwepetty-bourgeois, kwaye unxibelelwano kunye neqela lakhe laliphantse libe yi-NEPman. Ngoko ke, kamva samsusa koonobhala.
Ngendlela, uKhrushchev uchaza indlela yokuziphatha kwe "Donetskites" ekhokelwa ngu "Kostyan" kwinkomfa yeqela eMoscow ngokunyanisekileyo:
Kwaye ke sahlala eKaretny Row, kwiNdlu yeeSoviets (yiloo nto yayibizwa ngokuba yiloo nto). Sasihlala nje ngokulula, kwakukho iibhedi apho, yaye, njengoko besitsho, sasilala kuzo. Ndiyakhumbula ukuba ngelo xesha uPostyshev, kubonakala ngathi, unobhala wentlangano yeqela laseKharkov, wafika kunye nomfazi wakhe kwaye, ngokufanayo, ngokulandelelana, walala nathi, kwaye umfazi wakhe walala apho, ecaleni kwethu. Oku kwabangela iziqhulo malunga nePostyshev. Sonke sasibancinci ngoko.
Ngokubanzi, kwakubonakala ngathi yonke into kunye neZavenyagin yayilungile kwaye izimisele iminyaka emininzi ezayo.
Umsebenzi wam uhamba kakuhle, umsebenzi unika umdla, abaphantsi kwam bayandihlonipha, kwaye abaphathi bam bame kakuhle. Umtshakazi naye wavela, inzwakazi yasekhaya uMaria Rozhkova, awadibana naye kwindibano yokukhumbula abasebenzi bepati bagetyengwa babulawa ngabaphangi baka-Ataman Moskalevsky odumileyo, owaziwa ngokuba yi "Yashka the Golden Tooth." Izinto beziminxekile ukuya emtshatweni...
UMaria Rozhkova
Kwaye njengaye wonke umntu ebomini, uya kudibana nothando ngenye imini.
Nawe, njengawe, uya kutyhubela iinkqwithela ngenkalipho.
Nekhephu, nomoya, neenkwenkwezi ebusuku;
Intliziyo yam indibizela kumgama onexhala.
Kodwa, njengokuba uyazi, umntu uyacebisa, kodwa uThixo uyala. UFadeev noTevosyan baphazanyiswa yinkongolo yeqela. Ibali elinomdla ngakumbi lenzeka kuZavenyagin.
Xa ndithetha ukuba imeko kwi-Donbass kwi-20s yayikhumbuza i-Donbass kwi-90s, kufuneka iqondwe ukuba ngaphezu kokufana, kukho ukungafani okubalulekileyo. Abazalwana be-90 babelana ngezikhululo zegesi kunye neemarike, oko kukuthi, balwela imali. Kwi-20s, balwela ikamva eliqaqambileyo - ngombono wabo wendlela iplanethi emele iphile ngayo.
Eneneni, iMfazwe Yamakhaya yayiyimfazwe yonqulo, echaza ubukhulu becala ubukrakra bayo.
Ukuba uphinda ukhangele ifoto yeKomiti yeSithili saseYuzovsky, awuyi kuqaphela ikhonkco enye yegolide kunoma yimuphi kubo. Ngaphezu koko, ezinye iinkokeli zesixeko esikhulu zinxibe ngokungafihlisiyo.
Kodwa oku akuzange kubakhathaze.
Babengamaphupha.
Nangona zonke iitalente zakhe zokuphatha, uAvramiy Pavlovich akazange ahlale esebenza njengengqiqo yokukhula komsebenzi ofunekayo. Kwaye le yingongoma ebaluleke kakhulu. I-Zavenyagin yayithathwa ngabaninzi njenge "arithmometer emilenzeni," i-superbrain engenamvakalelo ihlala ibala ukuhamba okufanelekileyo entlokweni yakhe.
Oku kuyinyani kwaye akuyonyani ngaxeshanye.
Ewe, wayeyincutshe ekubaleni iintshukumo. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye Avramiy Pavlovich wayengekho umatshini umphefumlo. Wayengumntu, kwaye eyindoda eneenjongo. Yena, njengawo onke amaqhawe am, wayekholelwa ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba bakha entsha - kwaye enye engcono! - ihlabathi. Bazisa ebomini iphupha elingunaphakade loluntu malunga nobukumkani bobulungisa. Yaye la yayingengomagama amakhulu. Yayilukholo olunyanisekileyo lwe-ideallist, iphupha lokwenyani kunye nelikhulu, ekuphunyezweni apho aba bafana babekulungele ukuhlawula - kwaye bahlawule! - elona xabiso libiza kakhulu.
Ngethuba nje ndikwazi ukuhamba, okoko ndikwazi ukujonga,
Okoko ndikwazi ukuphefumla, ndiya kuqhubela phambili!
Nekhephu, nomoya, neenkwenkwezi ebusuku;
Intliziyo yam indibizela kumgama onexhala.
Ngenye imini eYuzovka kwenzeka isiganeko esichukumisayo-imoto evulekile yayiqengqeleka ezitratweni, apho iqela labantu abatsha lalizonwabisa.
Abasebenzi bepati benxilile kunye nabasebenzi abancinci ababhinqileyo bakhala iingoma kwaye badubula iivolovolo emoyeni.
Kwakubonakala kulizothe ngakumbi kuba yayilixesha lokulamba kakhulu, kwaye uninzi lwabemi besi sixeko, singasathethi ke ngokukhanya kwenyanga, babengasiboni sonka, babesitya amaqhekeza esonka.
Njengoko kwavela, i-spree yahlelwa yintloko yesithili semigodi yamalahle yaseYuzovsky, u-Ivan Chugurin.
Ivan Chugurin
Kwaye apha amaqhawe am enza impazamo enkulu yokuphatha, kodwa musa ukungcatsha iinjongo zabo. U-Avramiy Zavenyagin kunye nosihlalo wekomiti yesigqeba uTit Korzhikov baphendule rhabaxa kakhulu - i-ofisi yeqela yamkele isigqibo sokususa uChugurin kwiofisi kwaye imgxothe kwiqela.
Kubonakala ngathi okusesikweni koyisile. Kodwa emva kobulungisa kwavela ingqiqo yomzabalazo wezixhobo, osebenza ngamaxesha onke naphantsi kwayo yonke imikhosi. U-Ivan Chugurin wayengumntu onzima. Inqaku alikho nokuba yena, njengoZavenyagin, wayelilungu leKomishoni yoNyulo oluPhakathi lwaseUkraine.
Okubaluleke ngakumbi kunesikhundla esisemthethweni yayibubunzima obungekho sikweni.
I-Chugurin yayingengomdlalo wentshatsheli engaziwayo yaseZavenyagin. U-Ivan Chugurin wayengumlingane othembekileyo, i-Bolshevik endala enamava angaphambi kwenguqu, ilungu le-CPSU (b) ukususela ngo-1902, omnye wababhali bee-manifestos ze-Bolshevik ngoFebruwari 1917. NgoAprili 1917, yayinguChugurin owadibana noLenin, owayebuyele ePetrograd evela kwimfuduko, kwiSikhululo saseFinlyandsky waza wanika uIlyich ikhadi lakhe leqela elingu-600.
Okubi ngakumbi kukuba uChugurin wayengumkhuseli kaGeorgy Pyatakov ngokwakhe, ilungu leKomiti ePhakamileyo ye-RCP (b), owathi kunyaka odlulileyo wayeyintloko yoRhulumente we-Provisional Workers 'kunye nabalimi baseUkraine, kwaye ngoku ubambe isikhundla sikaSihlalo weBhodi ePhakathi yoShishino lwamalahle eMoscow.
Impendulo yafika ngokukhawuleza - uPyatakov wafuna ukuba uZavenyagin asuswe esikhundleni sakhe.
Umzabalazo osemva kwe-scenes waqala.
Georgy Pyatakov
Okumangalisayo kukuba, imikhosi yajika yaphantse yalingana. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ubunzima bezixhobo zePyatakov babungenakuthelekiswa nobuchule obungabalulekanga be "Mowgli yezopolitiko" Zavenyagin, owayengekafumani umxhasi ohloniphekileyo. Kodwa uninzi lwamaBolshevik aseDonetsk bema ngakwicala lamakomanisi aselula - kuba nje wayemele inyaniso. Ungalibali ukuba le yayingamashumi amabini othando emva kwayo yonke loo nto.
Ekuqaleni, impumelelo yayisecaleni labachasi baka-Avramiy Pavlovich. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba amgxothe kwiqela, kodwa uZavenyagin wasuswa kwisithuba sakhe waza wathunyelwa eDonetsk ukuya kwindawo yaseMukhosransk-Zaglushkinsky - indawo yengingqi yaseStarobelsk. Nangona kunjalo, yayingengomcimbi wentlango; yayiyingxaki kakhulu ukuba uZavenyagin asebenze eStarobelsk.
Ukuba nje isixeko sasilawulwa ngabaphangi - iintsalela zemigulukudu yaseMakhno, iMarusya kunye neKamenyuk.
U-Avramiy Palych uyavumelana nokuqeshwa, kwaye abalandeli bakhe baqokelela iqela labantu abathembekileyo kuye eYuzovka - babela abantu abamalunga nama-70. Kungekudala baya kuhlala eStarobelsk.
Balwa indlela eya esixekweni, icandelo elisuka kwisikhululo saseSvatovo ukuya eStarobelsk lajika laba nzima kakhulu - abaphangi babengafuni ukuvumela umgaqo kaloliwe obalulekileyo ukuba ungalawuleki. UZavenyagin kwafuneka acele uncedo kubasebenzi bakaloliwe. Abo bantu banikela, kwaye ngoSeptemba 1921 iStarobelsk yathathwa.
Asifuni uxolo, sonwabile ngelishwa.
Uthatha ilangatye ngesandla sakho, uqhekeza umkhenkce ngokuphefumla kwakho.
Nekhephu, nomoya, neenkwenkwezi ebusuku;
Intliziyo yam indibizela kumgama onexhala.
Amandla esixekweni adluliselwe kwiKomiti yeNguquko, eyayikhokelwa nguZavenyagin.
Noko ke, kwakunokwenzeka ukuzuza indawo esixekweni ngokwaso kuphela, yaye kwakusekho “izinto ezimbi” ezindleleni.
Waye uAbram ehleli esixekweni, enjengendoda enemvukelo endlwini enqatyisiweyo.
Ngendlela, intloko kaZavenyagin yeStarobelsk Cheka yayingekho enye ngaphandle kukaDmitry Medvedev. Kuphela nguDmitry Anatolyevich kunye noDmitry Nikolaevich.
Ingqungquthela efanayo uDmitry Nikolaevich Medvedev, i-nightmare ye-atamans ye-Donbass bavukeli kunye neenkokeli zeqela le-Odessa lolwaphulo-mthetho, owagxothwa kabini kwi-NKVD ngaphambi kwemfazwe, kwaye ngexesha lemfazwe waba ngumphathi wembali. "Iqela lenjongo eyodwa "Abaphumeleleyo" abayilwe nguSudoplatov." Indawo efanayo apho amagosa ethu obulumko abalaseleyo N.I. Kuznetsov, N.V. Strutinsky, Africa De las Heras kunye nabanye abaninzi balwela.
Baphila ubomi obonwabisayo eStarobelsk. Njengoko u-Evgenia Zavenyagina ukhumbula, uyise wakha wathumela ijoni elibomvu kunina, ngoko wayesengumtshakazi, kunye neleta ecela ukuba eze. “UMama wayethandabuza, engazi ukuba makaphendule athini. Ijoni loMkhosi oBomvu lagqiba ekubeni liyoyika laza laqalisa ukumeyisela ekubeni akukho nto iyingozi, kwakufuneka nje adlule kwindawo enye, ukuze nje alinike umpu ukuze adubule.”
Imihla enjalo yothando yalungiselelwa ngoko ...
Ukuvulwa kwelitye lesikhumbuzo lokuqala kwi-"Fighters of the Revolution" e-Starobelsk, isikhululo somlilo ngasemva ngo-1924.
Emva koko ujingi wajikela kwelinye icala - amakomanisi aseYuzovsky akwazile ukutyhala isigqibo sokubuyisela uZavenyagin njengonobhala weKomiti yeQela laseYuzovsky. Oku kwasongela ukuzisa ungquzulwano kwinqanaba elitsha loxinzelelo, ngoko ke, ngokucacileyo, amaqela alwayo, ediniwe ngumzabalazo, angena kwisivumelwano sokuzinzisa esibonelela ngokutshintshiselana ngomgaqo othi "ayingowethu okanye owenu."
Ekubeni uxolelwaniso alunakwenzeka, kwaye ukuphumelela kwelinye lamaqela kuyingxaki, zombini amaqela aphikisanayo kwafuneka ashiye iDonbass - zombini uChugurin kunye nabantu bakhe, kunye noZavenyagin noKorzhikov.
Wonke umntu unikwe ithuba lokulondoloza ubuso - ngokukodwa, uAvramiy Pavlovich noTit Mikhailovich baya eMoscow ukufunda.
Korzhikov wayeza kuqhubeka umsebenzi wakhe weqela, ngoko ke wakhetha State Institute of Journalism - kwakukho eyunivesithi enjalo eMoscow, kamva yabizwa ngokuba Institute of Journalism lamaKomanisi. UZavenyagin, ngokumangalisa kwabaninzi, wakhetha indlela yobunjineli waza wangena kwi-Academy Mining Academy yaseMoscow. Ekuphela kwento amakomanisi aseYuzovsky akwazileyo ukuyityhala yayisisigqibo sokuhlehlisa ukumka kangangonyaka. Ngenxa yakhe, uZavenyagin waqala ukufunda kwi-academy emva koontanga bakhe.
Musa ukucinga ukuba wonke umntu ucule, ukuba izaqhwithi zifile zonke.
Lungiselela injongo enkulu, kwaye uzuko luya kukufumana.
Nekhephu, nomoya, neenkwenkwezi ebusuku;
Intliziyo yam indibizela kumgama onexhala.
Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba bahambe, umtshakazi nomyeni ekugqibeleni batshata. Ngoko uZavenyagin wafika kwi-Mining Academy-ekunye nomfazi wakhe omncinci kunye nekhazi lakhe, eliquka umatshini wokuthunga weSinger kunye nesifuba esinzima esinezibambo eziqingqiweyo.
Ngubani ongazange alale kwesi sifuba kamva - kubandakanywa noKhrushchev, owake weza kwikomkhulu ukuthenga umpu wokuzingela waza wahlala nomphathi wakhe wangaphambili ...
Isincoko sisebenzisa imibongo kaLev Oshanin. Ezinye izincoko kolu ngcelele - ngethegi "Red Hogwarts"
umthombo: www.habr.com