Masiqhubeke nencoko yamakhwenkwe kunye
Isazi somhlaba
Ecaleni kweFadeev ngu-Alexei Alexandrovich Blokhin, ngoko ke, ngokuqinisekileyo, nguAlyosha kuphela. Uyaziwa ngokubi kakhulu kunoFadeev, i-biography, ngokufanelekileyo, ifundwe ngaphandle kweenkcukacha, ngoko ibali liya kuba lifutshane kakhulu.
Alexey Blokhin
U-Alexey umdala kunabanye abafundi bakhe - wazalwa ngoMeyi 31, 1897, oko kukuthi, kulo mfanekiso sele eneminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu. Ngokwenene ungoyena mdala kulo mfanekiso - u-Ivan Apryatkin, owayesakuba yinkokeli yombutho wabasebenzi baseAzerbaijan (owesibini ukusuka ekhohlo kumqolo ongezantsi), unyaka omncinci kunaye, owazalwa ngo-1898. Bonke abanye ngamageza azalwe ngenkulungwane yama-XNUMX.
Ivan Apryatkin
UBlokhin wabelana ngemvelaphi efanayo kunye noFadeev - bobabini ootata babo baqala umsebenzi wabo njengootitshala basemaphandleni. Kuphela ukuba uFadeev Sr. ngokukhawuleza wajoyina amalungu eNarodnaya Volya kwaye emva kokubanjwa kokuqala kufumene into ebizwa ngokuba yi "passport yengcuka", emthintela ilungelo lokuhlala kwiindawo ezininzi eRashiya kwaye ahlanganyele ekufundiseni, ngoko uBlokhin Sr waqhubeka efundisa. . Wafundisa bonke ubomi bakhe kwidolophana yaseGolovino, kwisithili saseKostroma, apho abantwana bakhe bazalelwa khona. Xa abafundi bokuqala bekhula, wafundisa abantwana babo, yaye xa abantwana bekhulile, wafundisa abazukulwana babo. Kwaye ke iminyaka engama-44 ilandelelana. Iresiphi elula kakhulu.
Olu yayiluhlobo olwahluke ngokupheleleyo lwangaphambi koguquko, oluye lwajika lwaba luqilima kakhulu - hayi abaguquli, kodwa abakrelekrele baseRussia abaphantsi, abachitha ubomi babo bonke belima intsimi abayizuzileyo ngokubila kwebunzi labo. Ukuhlala phakathi kwabantu kwaye, ngokubanzi, awahlukanga kubo, uhlangabezana nabo lonke uvuyo kunye nobunzima obubahlelayo. Bonke aba ababingeleli, oogqirha, nabahlohli, bewalusa umhlambi, elowo engowakowabo, benganyamekeli mvuzo; Usoloko ephupha: “Ukuba nje abantwana bebenokufumana isabelo esilula,” bezabalaza ngamandla abo okugqibela ukuze banike abantwana babo imfundo eqhelekileyo.
Kwaba njalo ngeBlokhins. U-Alexey wafunda kuyise kwisikolo sasemaphandleni, waphumelela ngo-1909 waza wangena kwi-Kostroma First Gymnasium. Kuyabonakala ukuba, u-Alexey, njengabantu abaninzi abavela kwi-strata “Abantwana babo, ngaphandle kwabo banesiphiwo sobulumko, bangafanele bayilwele kwaphela imfundo yamabanga aphantsi naphakamileyo”, wafunda ngokunyanisekileyo waza waphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ngowe-1917 “ngembasa.” Isicatshulwa, ukuba nabani na akazange asiqaphele, sasivela kwisetyhula ethi "Ngokwehliswa kwemfundo ye-gymnasium," eyaziwa ngokuba "yisetyhula malunga nabantwana abapheki."
Okokuqala Kostroma gymnasium. Njengoko kuchazwe ngu-A.P. Smirnov: “Yayiyindlu enkulu enamagumbi abonakala ngathi ziishedi zikawonke-wonke. Wema phezu kwentaba eyehla ngemisinga ukuya kwiVolga.
Ngowe-1917, u-Alexey wangena kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow kwiSebe leMathematika, kodwa, njengoko wabhalayo kamva kwimbali yakhe. Andizange ndiwufumane umsebenzi ndaza ndayeka ukufunda ngenxa yokungabi namali”. Le ntsapho yayingasenamali yokufunda eyunivesithi yaye yayingakwazi ukuyihlawula. Umfundi ongaphumelelanga ubuyela ekhaya kwaye uqala ukusebenza njengomfundisi-ntsapho kwilali yeeSalts ezinkulu kwingingqi enye yaseKostroma. Kwakubonakala ngathi isangqa sivaliwe. Yayiyinzuzo yonke into yokuba lo nyana afumane umsebenzi wokuba ngumfundisi-ntsapho kungekhona kwidolophana eqhelekileyo, kodwa kwiziko lengingqi elizayo (ngoFebruwari 20, 1934, kwakhutshwa ummiselo wePresidium yeKomiti Elawulayo Enkulu YaseRashiya, enyanzelisa ukuba utitshala afumane umsebenzi wokufundisa. "ukufudusa iziko lolawulo lwesithili saseBolshesolsky ukusuka kwilali yaseBabayki ukuya kwilali yeeSalts ezinkulu").
Kodwa ... Revolution, iMfazwe Civil. U-Alexey wahlanganiswa kwi-Red Army, walwa iminyaka emibini, kwaye ekupheleni kwe-1920, ngokomyalelo weNtloko yezoPolitiko ze-Revolutionary Military Council yeRiphabhlikhi, wathunyelwa kwi-Academy Mining Academy yaseMoscow ukuba afunde.
Ilungu le-CPSU (b) ukususela ngo-1921, lamkelwa ngumbutho we-Kostroma we-CPSU (b)
Umfundi we-Mining Academy. Ndafudukela kwigumbi lokulala kunye nomninawa wam uNikolai Blokhin, naye wangena kwisebe le-metallurgical yaseMoscow Mining Academy (owesibini ukusuka ekunene kumqolo ongezantsi).
UNikolay Blokhin
Inzululwazi ngenyukliya
Uyambona umfana ozimiseleyo kwifoto ekwikona esezantsi ngasekunene? Ewe, ewe, kwingubo yepea enemiqolo emibini yamaqhosha acwebezelayo. Lo nguNjineli weNyukliya, aka Vasily Semenovich Emelyanov, ngoko, ngokwemvelo, nje uVasya.
Vasily Emelyanov
IsiRashiya, owazalwa ngo-1901, ubudala obufanayo noFadeev. Umzukulwana womlimi waseSaratov ongenamhlaba. UTatomkhulu, uPyotr Antonovich, owachitha ubomi bakhe bonke esebenza njengomsebenzi wosuku, wangcwaba abantwana bakhe abasibhozo kwabalishumi elinambini. Uyise kaVasya, uSemyon Petrovich, efuna ubomi obungcono, ufudukela eTranscaucasia ukuya kusebenza kwintsimi yeoli - apho, ngokutsho kwamahemuhemu, unokwenza imali kwaye awuyi kufa yindlala. Kwindawo entsha, ubawo ufumana umsebenzi wokuba ngumchweli kwidolophana yaseBalakhani kufuphi neBaku, apho kungekho nje umhlaba otshisiweyo okanye amanzi anqongopheleyo, kodwa umoya oshushu ubonakala ugcwele ioli.
UVasya ungoyena mdala kubantwana abathandathu, ngoko nguye yedwa umntwana kwintsapho, nangona kunqabile, wayenxibe izicathulo ezitsha. Bonke abanye abantu babesele bemlandela. Ukubuyisela eli lungelo, ubomi bakhe bonke bacwangciswa kwangaphambili - njengabo bonke abantwana abadala kwiintsapho zabasebenzi, yena, ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba aqalise ukusebenza, kwafuneka ahambe emsebenzini - ukunceda abazali bakhe bakhulise abanye. Kwakukho indlela enye kuphela yokutsiba kule rut inyathelwe zizizukulwana - ukubamba intaka yethamsanqa ngomsila kwaye, yintoni enzima ngakumbi, ukuyibamba. Ekuqaleni, uVasya waba nethamsanqa - le nkwenkwana yaba nezakhono ezintle kakhulu kwaye yakwazi ukuphumelela iimviwo zokwamkelwa kwisikolo sokwenene. Ngokwemvelo, intsapho yayingenakuhlawula imali yokufunda, ngoko uVasya wayenethuba elilodwa kuphela lokungaphumi kwi-elevator yentlalo-ukuba abe ne-A kuzo zonke izifundo. Umnini wemimandla yeoli, uBenkendorf, wanikela kwisisa sakhe kwii-scholarships ezimbini zamahhala, kunye nabaceli ababini abakhulu kakhulu baxolelwa ekuhlawuleni.
UVasya Emelyanov kunye noyise. 1912
Ngaba uye waqaphela ukuba bonke abalinganiswa kulo mfanekiso banekamva elifanayo? Kwaye apha, ndixolele, ndiza kuphazamiseka kwaye ndithathe oko abanye babafundi bam bangqinayo "njengepropaganda yamakomanisi." Jokes ecaleni, kodwa eneneni ayingombuzo ongenamsebenzi. Phantse onke amaqhawe am ayengabakhonzi abanyanisekileyo beNguquko, belungele ukunikela ngayo yonke into, kuquka nobomi babo, egameni loloyiso lobukomanisi. Abo bangazange bathembise umbingelelo, kodwa oko kukuthi abo babingelelayo - umahluko usisiseko.
Umbhali obhala ngomntu wokwenene kufuneka amqonde. Akuyomfuneko konke konke ukungathethi ngeenkolelo zakhe - kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuqonda indlela awayecinga ngayo nesizathu sokuba enze ngale ndlela enze ngayo. Ngaphandle koko, wonke umsebenzi wakho awunantsingiselo, ngaphandle koku kuqonda akunakwenzeka ukubhala nantoni na efanelekileyo. Kwangoku andinakutsho ukuba ndiyayiqonda impembelelo yamaqhawe am ikhulu leepesenti, kodwa ndivuma ngokunyanisekileyo - uVasily Emelyanov wandinceda kakhulu kulo mbandela.
Emva kokufunda iinkumbulo zoMntu weNyukliya (kwaye nguye yedwa kulo mfanekiso oshiye iinkumbulo), izinto ezininzi zacaca ngakumbi kum. Kwaye ekubeni abafundi bam bengekho mbi kunam, andiyi kudlala umdlalo wefowuni ophukileyo, kwaye ndiya kucaphula amacatshulwa ambalwa kwibali lakhe eloyikisayo-eliqhelekileyo malunga nobuntwana. Ngaphandle kwezimvo - njengoko amaRoma amandulo athi, kwanele kumntu onengqiqo:
Kubo kuphela ubutyebi awayenabo utatomkhulu - iqela labantwana - abasibhozo basweleka, abane bafudukela eBaku. Ingeniso ifike ngexesha eliphezulu kuqhankqalazo lwabasebenzi base-oyile. Kwakungowe-1905.
Ubomi babunzima. Ngama-kopecks angamashumi asithoba anesithathu ngosuku awafumana ngalo, kwakuyimfuneko ukondla nokugqoka abantu abasibhozo kunye nokuhlawula izindlu.
Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe bokusebenza, utata wakwazi ukuthenga isuti enye kuphela eneziqwenga ezintathu: ibhatyi, ibhulukhwe kunye nevest. Oku kwakungaphambi komtshato wakhe. Emtshatweni bekufanele unxibe iibhutsi kunye neesuti ezithathu. Yonke iminyaka eseleyo umama wakhe wayemthunga ibhulukhwe neehempe zakhe. Ke bonke abafazi babasebenzi babengabathungi. Bekutshiphu kakhulu ukuyithunga ngokwakho.
...
Utata wayedla ngokufika ekhaya evela emsebenzini egqunywe yioli, amehlo ebomvu, evuthekile. Le ndlu, eyakhiwe ngamatye ekalika esikiweyo yabekwa phezu kodongwe, yayingenamibhobho yamanzi, ilindle, ingenazibane. Kwakukho isitovu esibaswe ngeoli, ukutya kwakuphekwa kuso, yaye sikwasetyenziselwa ukufudumeza. Umama wayefudumeza amanzi esitovini. Ebuthene kwisitya esinamazinki, elondoloza yonke ikomityi yamanzi, utata wazama ukuhlamba ioli. Iinwele zakhe ezazigalelwe ioli zazincamathele. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukususa ioli kwiindevu zakhe kunye nentloko ngamanzi, ngoko wazihlamba ngeparafini.
Emva koko, ukubamba umoya wakhe, weza kum, wajonga iincwadi zam kunye neencwadana zam, wathi ngethemba nolangazelelo:
"Mhlawumbi uya kufunda ukuba ngunobhala emva kwayo yonke into." Ngapha koko, umabhalane unomsebenzi ococekileyo, akafani nathi bachweli.
...
Ubomi babuyinto engaqhelekanga, kwaye iintsuku zazihamba kancinci. Kwanangoku kum kubonakala ngathi ngoko, ngowe-1913 nangowe-1914, iintsuku zazinde ngakumbi.
Ixesha latsala kabuhlungu kude kwasemini, kwaye ukusuka kwisidlo sasemini ukuya kwisidlo sangokuhlwa. Izidlo zasemini kunye nezangokuhlwa zazimfutshane ngokumangalisayo.
Ngaloo minyaka, andizange ndibonakale ndihluthe. Kungeso sizathu le nto ndikhumbula olu lwahlulo losuku lube ngamaxesha amabini - ngaphambi kwesidlo sasemini nasemva kwesidlo sasemini. Isidlo sasemini kunye nesidlo sakusihlwa kwintsapho yethu sasihlala sisitya esinye - isuphu okanye isuphu yeklabishi.
Xa intsapho yonke yayihlanganisene etafileni, umama wabeka isitya esikhulu se-enamel embindini wetafile, yaye wonk’ ubani ohleliyo wakha amacephe eplanga.
Kwakukho imela enye kuphela. Kwabekwa etafileni ukunqunqa isonka. Ukuqala kwam ukufumana ipleyiti eyahlukileyo kwakusenkantini yabafundi yaseMoscow Mining Academy ngowe-1921. Ngaphambi koku, bekungafuneki ndisebenzise ipleyiti, imela kunye nefolokhwe - besingenazo, kwaye, ngaphandle koko, bebengafuneki. Ezo zitya zazifuna imela nefolokhwe zazingalungiswanga kwintsapho yakowethu. Kwi-Red Army, ndatya imbiza yejoni okanye kwitanki - itanki enye yabantu abalishumi.
Kwakukho itawuli enye yosapho lonke. Yayijinga kwisitya sokuhlamba.
Zonke iintsapho zabasebenzi zazisebenzisa eyona sepha inexabiso eliphantsi-idla ngokuba sisiqwengana sesepha eyayisala emva kokuhlamba iimpahla. Ngoku isepha enjalo ibizwa ngokuba yisepha yokuhlamba impahla.
Isepha, eyayipakishwe ngephepha elimibalabala, yayibizwa ngokuba “yobuqu” okanye “umoya”; yayingafikeleleki. Olu hlobo lwesepha lufike kunqabile ezandleni zam. Kwintsapho yakowethu, yayingoomakazi bethu ngamanye amaxesha ababefumana isepha enjengesipho somhla wokuzalwa.
Zazingekho iibhrashi zamazinyo okanye umgubo wokucoca amazinyo kumzi-mveliso – akukho mntu uwabrashayo kwaphela.
2
Ukukhutshwa kweoli kusetyenziswa indlela yomthombo. Ifoto ngu-Alexander Michon
Andikhumbuli ukuba ngaphambi kwenguquko mna okanye amanye amalungu osapho ndakhe ndathenga iikawusi okanye iikawusi. Umama wayesoloko eziluka, yaye naye wayezithungela. Iivenkile zazixabisa kakhulu. Yaye xa iikawusi okanye iikawusi zingasakwazi ukulungiswa, sasizikhulula size sisonge imisonto ibe yibhola. Umsonto omdala wenxeba wawusetyenziselwa ukuluka iikawusi ezintsha.
Utata wayengazinxibi iikawusi okanye iikawusi kwaphela – wayesebenzisa ifoot wraps.
“Ngaba ngokwenene ungazifumana iikawusi ezaneleyo?” unokumva esitsho xa umama wakhe esithi uza kumthungela iikawusi.
Ebantwaneni, ndim ndedwa, njengomdala, ndafumana izihlangu ezitsha, abanye banxiba ezam. Ukuze andise ubomi bezihlangu, ubawo wasebenzisa izikrufu zokujija iipleyiti zentsimbi kwizithende neesoli, awayezisika kwiihupu ezindala zemiphanda. Iibhutsi zaba nzima kwaye zenza intsimbi xa uhamba.
Ekubeni ayengabotshelelwanga kakuhle onke amacwecwe, amanye akrwaqula aza akhala, nto leyo eyandikhumbuza ukunkenteza kwamakhamandela endakha ndakuva xa amabanjwa ayeqhutywa esitratweni.
Kwiinyanga nje zokuqala emva kovukelo-mbuso, izihlangu zam ndazitshintsha ndanxiba izihlangu zamajoni, ndangena kuluhlu lweRed Guard njengetsha-ntliziyo, yaye andizange ndiphinde ndinxibe izihlangu “ezinamakhamandela.”
Ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe kwindawo yasePoland. Ukuhlala (kumqolo wesibini ukusuka ekhohlo) nguV. Emelyanov. 1920
...
Iintsuku zokulamba ze-1920. Kukho abantwana aba-8 kwintsapho - ababini bancinci kakhulu. Oyena mncinane, uKostya, uneminyaka emithathu ubudala. Banika iqhekeza elincinci lesonka ngosuku. Yimalini ekhoyo kwesi siqwenga? Bathi sisinye kwisibhozo seponti. Kusenokuba njalo. Akukho nto yokongeza kwisonka. Abantu abadala, nangona kunjalo, basenokufumana isuphu kwenye indawo kwigumbi lokutyela, kodwa kwakungekho nto banokuyizisa ekhaya ngaphandle kwesonka. Andizange ndidle isonka endisifumeneyo, ndazisa kumntakwethu uKostya.
Bonke abantu abadala bazama ukolula isiqwenga sesonka esisiphumo sosuku lonke. Bayinqunqa ibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci baze bayifihle.
U-Kostya naye wazifihla izilayi zakhe; akazange atye yonke into ngaxeshanye.
Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, ndimi phambi kwam umfanekiso wenkwenkwana enamehlo anzulu ngokumangalisayo kubuso obuluthuthu, obungenagazi. Imini yonke wayehleli phezu kwehashe leplanga elinyakaziswayo awalenzelwe nguyise waza, esonga intamo yehashe ngeengalo zombini, eshukuma ngokuzolileyo.
Andikhumbuli ecela nto okanye elila.
Abantwana babasebenzi bafunda ukuba nomonde kwasebuntwaneni.
...
Kubantwana, ababini abazange basindiswe. Okokuqala uNina wafa, kwaye emva koko uKostya.
Intsapho yakowethu yayingenamkhwa wokulila nokulila. Kodwa ndabona indlela umama achukumisa ngayo ikona yefaskoti yakhe ngokufihlakeleyo emehlweni akhe.
Emva kokungcwaba abantwana, uyise wahamba ixesha elide edakumbile.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, emva kokubuya emsebenzini, ehlambile kwaye ekama iinwele zakhe, wayethetha ngezinto ezinomdla emsebenzini, okanye acele ukufunda iphephandaba.
Ngoku wathi cwaka. Wathula ejikeleza egumbini, wajonga macala onke, kwaye kwakubonakala kum ukuba kukho into ayikhangelayo.
Maxa wambi wayedla ngokuthi: “Andizange ndikusindise. Ndandingenawo amandla aneleyo,” waza waphuma endlwini.
Njengo-Alexey Blokhin, uVasily Emelyanov akazange agcine intaka yakhe. Ubomi, ngobunyani babo obungenakugungqiswa, ngokungakhathali batyhalela iziqalo eziphakamileyo emva kwindlela enyathelwe kakuhle. Iphupha lemfundo lawa; eneminyaka eyi-15, uVasya kwafuneka ayeke zombini isikolo sokwenyani kunye ne-scholarship yamahhala, kwaye aye kusebenza kwintsimi yeoli - uyise yedwa wayengenakukwazi ukuxhasa abantwana abancinci kwaye imeko yentsapho yaba. worse and worse.
V. Emelyanov eklasini apho wafunda khona isiqingatha senkulungwane edlulileyo.
Kodwa kamsinya nje emva koko, kwenzeka isiganeko esawela kwizicwangciso zezigidi zabantu - ngoFebruwari 1917 kwenzeka revolution eRashiya. Kwaye ngo-Oktobha - enye. Kwandula ke, ngowe-1917, ngokukhawuleza emva kweNguquko kaOktobha, uVasily Emelyanov oneminyaka eli-16 ubudala wayengumlo kwibutho leRed Guard eAzerbaijan, yaye uyise nomntakwabo uNikolai oneminyaka eli-15 ubudala, bahamba naye ukuya kuvolontiya ukulwa. yenguquko. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu kufuphi nomda wasePersi kwidolophana yaseMolassanna, apho ngowe-1918 inkampani eyayisebenza kuyo u-Emelyanov yayimi. Emva koko uVasya wajoyina imikhosi exhobileyo ye-Baku Commune. Emva kokubanjwa kweBaku yiTurkey-Azerbaijani Caucasian Islamic Army kunye nokusekwa kwamandla ngamaMusavatists - kwiBolshevik phantsi komhlaba. Apho wajoyina iqela, xa wayeneminyaka eyi-18 wonyulwa njengonobhala weqela elingaphantsi komhlaba labasebenzi bokutshintshiselana ngemfonomfono.
Incwadi yokuhlawula ka-V. Emelyanov ekutshintshisweni kwefowuni e-Baku. 1920
Ngokubanzi, i-biography efanayo eqhelekileyo ngexesha elingaqhelekanga. Ngaphantsi komhlaba. Umthwalo. Iqela lokulwa leqela leqela lasekuhlaleni. Ukuthatha inxaxheba okusebenzayo kwimvukelo yaseBaku kunye nokuthinjwa kwesixeko. Ukuthatha inxaxheba ekucinezeleni imvukelo yeentsalela zeCandelo laseWild. Isicelo sokuthunyelwa kwi-Polish front. Kodwa uVasya akazange abe nethuba lokulwa noPilsudski - u-Emelyanov wagula ngesifo seengcongconi waza wathunyelwa esibhedlele ukuze afumane unyango. Ngakumbi...
Wandula ke yena ngokwakhe wachaza oko kwenzekayo kwiinkumbulo zakhe: “Ndandikwisibhedlele somkhosi xa ndafumana isaziso sokuba ndandifuna ukuya kufunda. Isifo seengcongconi. Uhlaselo yonke imihla. Kwakungekho quinine - bandinika i-cinchona peel. Kwakukho ukunkenteza rhoqo ezindlebeni zam, kunye nokukrakra emlonyeni wam kunye ne-atrophy epheleleyo yeemvakalelo zokungcamla. Kodwa ndakufunda kakuhle oko wakha wakuthethayo utatomkhulu: “Ukuba bekukho amathambo, inyama ibiya kuhlala ikhula.” Ndaya kufunda noTevosyan eMoscow.”
Ewe, uVanya Tevosyan akazange amlibale umlingane wakhe omdala kwi-Baku ephantsi komhlaba, kunye naye, emva kwe-Musavitists, wazama ukuphumelela iimviwo zesikolo sokwenyani njengomfundi wangaphandle. Kwiminyaka yokuqala ye-20, uTevosyan weza neqela lonke lamakomanisi aselula aseBaku kwi-Mining Academy. Ukongeza ku-Emelyanov, uluntu lwaseBaku lwaluquka uVanya Apryatkin noFeliksi Zilber (owesibini ukusuka ekunene kumqolo ongasentla), unyana weklasikhi yoncwadi lwaseLatvia uMaurice Edward Zilber, owaziwa ngegama elinguSudrabu Ejus. Uyise kaFeliks wayengenguye umbhali nje kuphela, kodwa ngumguquli odumileyo, kwaye emva kokuthatha inxaxheba kwi-revolution ka-1905, wanyanzeleka ukuba abaleke eRiga aze afundise eBaku iminyaka eyi-11.
Felix Zilber
Nangona kunjalo, lixesha lokudibana nale Vanya Tevosyan engaqondakaliyo. Ngaba ubona umfana waseCaucasian kwibhatyi yesikhumba kwikona esezantsi ngasekunene? Nguye.
umthombo: www.habr.com
