Xa ndaba ngoyena mphathi mncinane kweli phephandaba, owayengumhleli oyintloko ngelo xesha, inenekazi elaba yingcuka enamava kubuntatheli emva phayaa ngamaxesha eSoviet, landixelela oku: “Khumbula, ekubeni sele uqalisile ukukhula, ulawula nawuphi na umsebenzi weendaba. kufana nokubaleka kwindawo enezigcayiseli. Akunjalo ngenxa yokuba iyingozi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ayinakucingelwa. Sijongene nolwazi, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukubala nokulawula. Yiyo loo nto bonke abahleli abaziintloko beqhuba, kodwa akukho namnye kuthi owaziyo ukuba uzakuqhushumba nini kwaye yintoni kanye kanye. ”
Andizange ndiyiqonde ngoko, kodwa ke, xa mna, njengoPinocchio, ndakhula, ndafunda kwaye ndathenga iwaka leebhatyi ezintsha ... Ngokubanzi, ndifunde okuncinci malunga nembali yobuntatheli baseRashiya, ndaqiniseka ukuba ithisisi. ichanekile ngokupheleleyo. Kukangaphi na abaphathi beendaba-nabaphathi abakhulu beendaba! - bawugqiba umsebenzi wabo ngenxa yeemeko ezingenakucingelwa ngokupheleleyo, ekungenakwenzeka ukuba ziqikelele.
Andiyi kukuxelela ngoku ukuba umhleli oyintloko we "Imifanekiso ehlekisayo" kunye nomzobi omkhulu u-Ivan Semenov waphantse watshiswa zizinambuzane - ngeyona ndlela yokwenene yegama. Oku kusengaphezulu kwebali langoLwesihlanu. Kodwa ndiza kukuxelela ibali malunga noVasily Zakharchenko omkhulu nowoyikekayo, ngakumbi kuba oko kuhambelana neprofayile kaHabr.
Iphephancwadi laseSoviet elithi "Technology for Youth" laliyithanda kakhulu isayensi kunye nenzululwazi. Ngoko ke, babedla ngokuyidibanisa ngokupapasha intsomi yenzululwazi kwiphephancwadi.
Kangangeminyaka emininzi, ukususela ngowe-1949 ukuya kowe-1984, eli phephancwadi lalikhokelwa ngumhleli odumileyo uVasily Dmitrievich Zakharchenko, owathi, eneneni, wafikelela kobo “Tekhnoloji yoLutsha” eyaduma kulo lonke ilizwe, yaba yintsomi yobuntatheli beSoviet. yamkelwa ngokubanzi. Ngenxa yale meko yamva, ngamaxesha athile “iTekhnoloji Yolutsha” yaphumelela koko bambalwa abanye abaye baphumelela ekupapasheni ababhali beentsomi zenzululwazi zamaNgesi namaMerika.
Hayi, ababhali beentsomi zesayensi yamaNgesi namaMerika baguqulelwa kwaye bapapashwa kwi-USSR. Kodwa kumaphepha-ncwadi - kunqabile kakhulu.
Kutheni? Ngenxa yokuba eli ngabaphulaphuli abaninzi. Ezi zijikelezo ezihlekisayo nakwimigangatho yeSoviet. Ngokomzekelo, incwadi ethi “Ubugcisa Bolutsha,” yapapashwa kusasazwa iikopi ezisisi-1,7 sezigidi.
Kodwa, njengoko besenditshilo, ngamanye amaxesha yayisebenza. Ngaloo ndlela, phantse unyaka wonke we-1980, abathandi bobuxoki benzululwazi abonwabileyo bafunda incwadi ka-Arthur C. Clarke ethi “The Fountains of Paradise” kweli phephancwadi.
U-Arthur Clarke wayebhekwa njengomhlobo welizwe laseSoviet, wasityelela, watyelela i-Star City, wadibana waza wabhalelana ne-cosmonaut u-Alexei Leonov. Ngokubhekiselele kwinoveli ethi "Imithombo yeParadesi," uClark akazange ayifihle into yokuba kwinoveli wasebenzisa umbono "wendawo yokuphakamisa indawo," yaqala yabekwa phambili ngumyili weLeningrad uYuri Artstanov.
Emva kokupapashwa kwe "Fountains ..." U-Arthur Clarke watyelela i-USSR kwi-1982, apho, ngokukodwa, wadibana noLeonov, uZakharchenko, kunye no-Arttatunov.
U-Yuri Artstanov kunye no-Arthur Clarke ba tyelela iMyuziyam yeCosmonautics kunye neRocketry eLeningrad
Kwaye ngenxa yolu tyelelo ngo-1984, uZakharchenko wakwazi ukutyhalela phambili kupapasho lwe “Tekhnoloji yoLutsha” yenye inoveli ngumbhali wentsomi odumileyo wehlabathi obizwa ngokuba ngu “2010: Odyssey Two. Kwakukuqhubekeka kwencwadi yakhe edumileyo "2001: A Space Odyssey", ebhalwe ngokusekelwe kwiskripthi sefilimu yehlelo nguStanley Kubrick.
Oku kwancedwa kakhulu kukuba kwakukho izinto ezininzi zaseSoviet kwincwadi yesibini. Iqhinga lalisekelwe kwinto yokuba isiphekepheke "Alexei Leonov" kunye nabasebenzi baseSoviet-American ebhodini bathunyelwa kuJupiter ukuba batyhile imfihlelo yenqanawa ethi "Discovery" eshiywe kwi-orbit yeJupiter kwincwadi yokuqala.
Enyanisweni, uClark wayezinikezele kwiphepha lokuqala:
Kubantu ababini abakhulu baseRashiya: Jikelele A. A. Leonov - i-cosmonaut, i-Hero yeSoviet Union, igcisa kunye ne-academician A. D. Sakharov - isazinzulu, i-Nobel Prize laureate, humanist.
Kodwa unikezelo, uyaqonda, lwaphoswa kwiphephancwadi. Nangaphandle komzabalazo wethutyana.
Inkupho yokuqala yaphuma ngokukhuselekileyo, yalandelwa yeyesibini, kwaye abafundi babesele bekhangele phambili ekufundeni ixesha elide, ngokuzolileyo - njengango-1980.
Kodwa kwinqaku lesithathu akuzange kuqhutyekwe. Abantu baba nemincili, kodwa emva koko bagqiba - awazi. Kweyesine, yonke into iya kulunga.
Kodwa kwinqaku lesine kwakukho into engakholelekiyo - ukuphindaphinda okubuhlungu komxholo wenoveli, owenziweyo waba yimihlathi emithathu.
"Gqirha, yintoni leyo?!" Iyathengiswa le?!” - abafundi be "Technology for Youth" bavule amehlo. Kodwa impendulo yaziwa kuphela emva perestroika.
Njengoko kwenzekayo, kungekudala emva kokupapashwa kwencwadi ethi “Technology for Youth,” i-International Herald Tribune yapapasha inqaku elinomxholo othi “COSMONAUTS—DISIDENTS,” THANKS TO CENSORS, BHAYIBHANI NGAPHEPHA EMAPHEPHINI YESOVIET.
S. Sobolev kweyakhe inikeza okubhaliweyo okupheleleyo kweli nqaku. Ithi, ngokukodwa:
Abachasi baseSoviet, abafane bafumane ithuba lokuhleka kweli lizwe lindilisekileyo nelisesikweni, namhlanje banokuhlekiswa yintlekisa edlalwa kwiincwadi zikarhulumente ngumbhali odumileyo weNgesi yenzululwazi yeentsomi u-Arthur C. Clarke. Esi siqhulo - "ihashe leTrojan elincinci kodwa elihle," njengoko omnye wabachasi belibiza, liqulethwe kwinoveli ka-A. Clarke "2010: The Second Odyssey".<…>
Iifani zabo bonke oosomajukujuku basentsomini abakwinoveli eneneni zihambelana neefani zabachasi abadumileyo. <…> Kule ncwadi akukho mahluko kwezopolitiko phakathi kwabalinganiswa baseRashiya. Nangona kunjalo, oosomajukujuku banamagama:
- UViktor Brailovsky, ingcali yekhompyutheni kunye nomnye wabalandeli bamaYuda abahamba phambili, oza kukhululwa kule nyanga emva kweminyaka emithathu yokuthunjwa kwi-Asia Ephakathi;
-Ivan Kovalev - injineli kunye nomseki weQela lokuJonga amaLungelo oLuntu eHelsinki ngoku. Uthothoza isigwebo seminyaka esixhenxe kwinkampu ekusetyenzwa nzima kuyo;
- UAnatoly Marchenko, umsebenzi oneminyaka engamashumi amane anesithandathu ubudala owachitha iminyaka eyi-18 kwiinkampu zentetho yezopolitiko kwaye ngoku udonsa isigwebo esiphela ngo-1996;
- Yuri Orlov - umlweli wamaYuda kunye nomnye wabasunguli beQela leHelsinki. Isazi ngefiziksi esaziwayo uOrlov ugqibe iminyaka esixhenxe kwinkampu ekusetyenzwa nzima kuyo kwinyanga ephelileyo kwaye uthothoza eminye iminyaka emihlanu elubhacweni eSiberia.
- ULeonid Ternovsky uyingcali yefiziksi eyaseka iQela leHelsinki eMoscow ngo-1976. Wathothoza isigwebo seminyaka emithathu enkampini;
- UMikola Rudenko, omnye wabasunguli beQela le-Helsinki e-Ukraine, owathi, emva kweminyaka eyisixhenxe evalelwe kwinkampu, kufuneka akhululwe kule nyanga kwaye athunyelwe kwindawo yokuhlala;
- UGleb Yakunin - umfundisi weCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya, wagwetywa ngo-1980 iminyaka emihlanu esebenza enkampini kunye neminye iminyaka emihlanu yokuzinza ngezityholo zobuxoki kunye nesiphithiphithi esichasene neSoviet.
Kutheni uClark wamisela uZakharchenko ngendlela enjalo, awayenaye, ukuba ayingobahlobo, ngoko ngokwemigaqo emihle iminyaka emininzi, andiqondi kakuhle. Abalandeli bombhali bade beza nengcaciso ekrelekrele yokuba uClark wayengenatyala; kwasebenza umgaqo ofanayo owazala uGeneral Gogol kunye noGeneral Pushkin kwifilimu yeBond. Umbhali wentsomi yesayensi, bathi, ngaphandle kokucinga okwesibini, wasebenzisa iifani zaseRussia ezaziwa kakhulu kumaphephandaba aseNtshona - nathi, phakathi kwamaMerika, sasimazi ngcono u-Angela Davis noLeonard Peltier kunaye nabani na. Kunzima ukukholelwa, nangona kunjalo-lukhetho olubuhlungu.
Ewe, "kwiTekhnoloji yoLutsha", wena ngokwakho uyayiqonda into eqalileyo. Njengoko igosa elinoxanduva, kwaye kamva umhleli-oyintloko wephephancwadi, u-Alexander Perevozchikov, wakhumbula:
Ngaphambi kwesi siqendu, umhleli wethu uVasily Dmitrievich Zakharchenko ufakwe kwiiofisi eziphezulu. Kodwa emva kukaClark, isimo sengqondo kuye satshintsha kakhulu. Yena, owayesandula ukufumana ibhaso leLenin Komsomol, wadliwa ngokoqobo waza waqatywa eludongeni. Yaye iphephancwadi lethu lalisele liza kutshatyalaliswa. Nangona kunjalo, ibingeyompazamo yethu, kodwa yekaGlavlit. Bekufanele ukuba balandele kwaye bacebise. Ngaloo ndlela, sakwazi ukupapasha izahluko ezibini kuphela kwezilishumi elinesihlanu. Izahluko ezilishumi elinesithathu eziseleyo ziye zangena kwingcaciso. Kwiphepha lombhalo oshicilelweyo ndibalise oko kwakuza kwenzeka eClark kamva. Kodwa uGlavlit owayenomsindo wandinyanzela ukuba ndifinyeze ukubalisa kwakhona ngamanye amaxesha amathathu. Sapapasha i-Odyssey ngokupheleleyo kamva.
Ewe, uZakharchenko ubhale inqaku lengcaciso kwiKomiti ePhakamileyo yaseKomsomol, apho "wazikhulula phambi kweqela." Ngokomhleli oyintloko, "ubuso obubini" Clark "ngendlela embi" wanika abasebenzi beSoviet cosmonauts "Amagama eqela lamaqela achasene neSoviet eziswe kulwaphulo-mthetho ngenxa yezenzo zobutshaba". Umhleli oyintloko wavuma ukuba uphulukene nenkathalo waza wathembisa ukuyilungisa loo mpazamo.
Vasily Zakharchenko
Ayizange incede. Eli phephancwadi alizange livalwe, kodwa lashukunyiswa ngokupheleleyo. Kwiiveki ezimbini emva kwenqaku laseNtshona elityhilayo, uZakharchenko wagxothwa, kwaye inani labasebenzi abanoxanduva beli phephancwadi lafumana izohlwayo zamanqanaba ahlukeneyo obunzima. UZakharchenko, ukongeza, waba "neqhenqa" - i-visa yakhe yokuphuma yarhoxiswa, wagxothwa kwiibhodi zokuhlela "Iincwadi zaBantwana" kunye ne "Young Guard", bayeka ukumemela kunomathotholo nakumabonwakude - nakwinkqubo awayidalayo. malunga nabathandi bemoto, "Unokwenza Oku" .
Kwintshayelelo ye-Odyssey 3, u-Arthur C. Clarke waxolisa kuLeonov noZakharchenko, nangona le yokugqibela ibonakala ihlekisayo:
"Ekugqibeleni, ndiyathemba ukuba i-cosmonaut u-Alexei Leonov sele indixolele ngokumbeka ecaleni kukaDkt Andrei Sakharov (owayesekuthinjweni eGorky ngexesha lokuzinikezela kwakhe). Kwaye ndivakalisa ukuzisola kwam ngokunyanisekileyo kummkeli wam waseMoscow onobubele kunye nomhleli uVasily Zharchenko (njengoko kumbhalo - uZharchenko - VN) ngokumfaka engxakini enkulu ngokusebenzisa amagama ahlukeneyo aphikisanayo - uninzi lwabo, ndiyavuya ukuqaphela. , abasekho entolongweni . Ngenye imini, ndiyathemba, ababhalisi beTekhnika Molodezhi baya kukwazi ukufunda ezo zahluko zenoveli eyanyamalala ngendlela engaqondakaliyo.
Akuyi kubakho izimvo, ndiya kuqaphela kuphela ukuba emva koku kuyamangalisa ngandlela-thile ukuthetha ngokungaqhelekanga.
Ikhava yenoveli ka-2061: Odyssey Three, apho kuvela khona uxolo
Oko, enyanisweni, libali lonke. Makhe nditsale ingqalelo yakho kwinto yokuba konke oku kwenzeka sele kumaxesha aseChernenkov, kwaye kwakukho ngokoqobo iinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwe-perestroika, ukukhawuleza kunye ne-glasnost. Kwaye inoveli kaClark yapapashwa "kwiTekhnoloji yoLutsha", kwaye emva kwamaxesha eSoviet - ngo-1989-1990.
Ndivuma ngokunyanisekileyo-eli bali lindishiya ndinezinto ezimbini, nokuba kathathu.
Ngoku iyamangalisa indlela ekwakuthethwa ngayo ungquzulwano ngeengcamango ngelo xesha, ukuba ikamva lomntu lonakaliswe ngenxa yento encinci ngolo hlobo.
Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, ukuba ilizwe lethu lalithetha lukhulu kangakanani emhlabeni ngelo xesha. Namhlanje kunzima ukuba ndicinge ngemeko apho umbhali wentsomi yaseNtshona wenqanaba lokuqala uya kunikezela incwadi kumaRashiya amabini.
Kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, kwakubaluleke kangakanani ukubaluleka kolwazi kwilizwe lethu ngoko. Ngapha koko, nakwinqaku elityhilayo le-International Herald Tribune kuye kwaphawulwa ekudluliseni oko “AmaRashiya aphakathi kwabona balandeli bazinikeleyo bezenzululwazi ehlabathini lonke”, yaye ukusasazwa kwesigidi esinesiqingatha sephephancwadi elidumileyo lenzululwazi bobona bungqina bubalaseleyo boku.
Ngoku, ngokuqinisekileyo, yonke into itshintshile. Kwezinye iindlela zibe ngcono, kwezinye zibe zimbi.
Itshintshe kakhulu kangangokuba akukho nto iseleyo yehlabathi apho eli bali lenzeka khona. Kwaye kwihlabathi elitsha elinobukroti, akukho mntu usenomdla nokuba ngabachasi abenze umsebenzi wabo, okanye iphephancwadi elithi "Tekhnoloji yoLutsha", ngoku ipapashwe kujikelezo olungabalulekanga kunye nenkxaso-mali karhulumente, okanye-yintoni imfesane yabo bonke. -ikhephu indawo.
U-Yuri Artstanov usweleke mva nje, nge-1 kaJanuwari ka-2019, kodwa akukho mntu ubonileyo. Ekuphela kwengxelo yomngcwabo yapapashwa kwiphephandaba iTroitsky Variant kwinyanga kamva.
umthombo: www.habr.com