Iindlela zanamhlanje zokuchaza iimfuno zokusebenza kwiinkqubo. Alistair Coburn. Uphononongo lwencwadi kunye nezongezelelo

Le ncwadi ichaza indlela enye yokubhala inxalenye yengxelo yengxaki, eyile indlela yokusebenzisa imeko.

Yintoni? Le yinkcazo yemeko yokusebenzisana komsebenzisi kunye nenkqubo (okanye neshishini). Kule meko, inkqubo isebenza njengebhokisi elimnyama (kwaye oku kwenza kube lula ukwahlula umsebenzi onzima woyilo ekuyileni ukusebenzisana kunye nokuqinisekisa oku kusebenzisana). Kwangaxeshanye, kuqaliswa imigangatho yokubhala, eqinisekisa ukufunda ngokulula, kubandakanywa nabangathathi nxaxheba, kwaye ivumela ezinye iitshekhi ukugqibezela nokuthotyelwa kweenjongo zomthathi-nxaxheba.

Sebenzisa umzekelo wemeko

Ijongeka njani imeko, usebenzisa umzekelo wogunyaziso kwisiza nge-imeyile:

(Inkqubo) Ngena kwiwebhusayithi ukufikelela kwiakhawunti yakho yobuqu. ~~ (inqanaba lolwandle)

Umxholo: Umxhasi ongagunyaziswanga ungena kwisiza ukuze isayithi imqaphele kwaye ibonise ulwazi lomntu siqu kuye: imbali yokukhangela, imbali yokuthenga, inani langoku lamanqaku ebhonasi, njl., usebenzisa i-imeyile njengegama lokungena. 
Inqanaba: injongo yomsebenzisi
Owona mlinganiswa: umxhasi (undwendwe lwevenkile yethu ye-intanethi)
Umda: Unxibelelwano lwabathengi kunye newebhusayithi yevenkile ekwi-intanethi
Abachaphazelekayo kunye nomdla:

• umthengisi ufuna elona nani liphezulu labatyeleli besiza ukuba ichongwe ukuze kujongwe ngakumbi ii-imeyile zobuqu,
• ingcali yokhuseleko ifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho matyala okufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kwiinkcukacha zomntu zondwendwe, kuquka iinzame zokuqikelela igama eliyimfihlo kwiakhawunti enye okanye ukukhangela iakhawunti enegama eliyimfihlo elibuthathaka,
• umhlaseli ufuna ukufikelela kwiibhonasi zexhoba,
• abakhuphisana nabo bafuna ukushiya uphononongo olubi kwiimveliso,
• I-botnet ifuna ukufumana isiseko sabathengi bevenkile kwaye isebenzise uhlaselo ukwenza indawo ingasebenzi.

Imiqathango: undwendwe akufuneki lugunyaziswe.
Ubuncinci beziqinisekiso: umtyeleli uya kwazi ukuba umzamo wogunyaziso ube yimpumelelo okanye awuphumelelanga.
Iziqinisekiso zempumelelo: undwendwe lugunyaziswe.

Imeko ephambili:

1. Umxhasi uqalisa ugunyaziso.
2. Inkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba umxhasi akagunyaziswanga kwaye akagqithisi inani lemizamo yokugunyazwa engaphumelelanga kwiseshoni enikeziweyo (ukukhangela igama eliyimfihlo elibuthathaka kwiiakhawunti ezininzi) ngokwe "Security Rule No. 23".
3. Inkqubo yonyusa ikhawuntala yenani lemizamo yogunyaziso.
4. Inkqubo ibonisa ifom yogunyaziso kumxhasi.
5. Umxhasi ufaka i-imeyile yakhe kunye negama lokugqitha.
6. Inkqubo iqinisekisa ubukho bomxhasi nge-imeyile enjalo kwisistim kwaye igama lokugqitha lihambelana kunye nenani lemizamo yokungena kule akhawunti ayigqithiswanga ngokwe "Nombolo yoKhuseleko yeNombolo ye-24".
7. Inkqubo igunyazisa umxhasi, yongeza imbali yokukhangela kunye nebhaskithi yale seshoni kunye neseshoni yokugqibela yale akhawunti yomxhasi.
8. Inkqubo ibonisa umyalezo ophumeleleyo wogunyaziso kwaye ihambela kwinqanaba leskripthi apho umxhasi waphazamiseka khona ukuze agunyaziswe. Kule meko, idatha kwiphepha iphinda ilayishwe ngokuqwalasela idatha ye-akhawunti yomntu.

Izandiso:
2.a. Umxhasi sele egunyazisiwe:
 2.a.1. Inkqubo yazisa umxhasi malunga nenyaniso yesigunyaziso esenziwe ngaphambili kwaye inikezela ukuba uphazamise iskripthi okanye uye kwinqanaba lesi-4, kwaye ukuba inyathelo lesi-6 ligqitywe ngempumelelo, inyathelo lesi-7 lenziwa ngokucaciswa:
 2.a.7. Inkqubo ikhupha umxhasi phantsi kwe-akhawunti endala, igunyazisa umxhasi phantsi kwe-akhawunti entsha, ngelixa imbali yokukhangela kunye nenqwelo yale seshoni yokunxibelelana ihlala kwi-akhawunti endala kwaye ayidluliseli entsha. Okulandelayo, yiya kwinyathelo lesi-8.
2.b Inani leenzame zogunyaziso ligqithise umda ngokwe "Security Rule No. 23":
 2.b.1 Yiya kwinyathelo lesi-4, i-captcha iboniswa ngakumbi kwifom yogunyaziso
 2.b.6 Isistim iqinisekisa i-captcha echanekileyo
    2.b.6.1 I-Captcha ifakwe ngokungachanekanga:
      2.b.6.1.1. inkqubo yonyusa ikhawuntari yokuzama ugunyaziso olungaphumelelanga kule akhawunti ngokunjalo
      2.b.6.1.2. inkqubo ibonisa umyalezo ongaphumeleliyo kwaye ibuyela kwinyathelo lesi-2
6.a. Akukho akhawunti kule meyile ifunyenweyo:
 6.a.1 Inkqubo ibonisa umyalezo malunga nokungaphumeleli kwaye inika ukhetho lokuya kwinyathelo lesi-2 okanye ukuya kwimeko "yoBhaliso lomsebenzisi" kunye nokugcina i-imeyile engenisiweyo,
6.b. Igama lokugqithisa le-akhawunti ngale imeyile ayifani naleyo ingenisiweyo:
 6.b.1 Inkqubo yongeza ikhawuntari yeenzame zokungena ezingaphumelelanga kule akhawunti.
 6.b.2 Isistim ibonisa umyalezo malunga nokungaphumeleli kwaye inikezela ngokhetho lokuya kwimeko “yokuBuyiselwa kwegama lokugqithisa” okanye uye kwinyathelo lesi-2.
6.c: Ikhawuntara yokungena kule akhawunti igqithe kumda we-“Security Rule No. 24.”
 6.c.1 Isistim ibonisa umyalezo malunga nokuvalwa kokungena kwi-akhawunti kangangemizuzu engu-X ize idlulele kwinyathelo lesi-2.

Yintoni enkulu

Ukukhangela ukugqibelela kunye nokuthotyelwa kweenjongo, oko kukuthi, unokunika iimfuno komnye umhlalutyi wokuqinisekisa, ukwenza iimpazamo ezimbalwa kwinqanaba lokuqulunqa ingxaki.

Ukusebenza kunye nenkqubo yebhokisi emnyama ikuvumela ukuba uhlukanise uphuhliso kunye nokulungelelaniswa kunye nomthengi wento eya kuba ngokuzenzekelayo kwiindlela zokuphunyezwa.

Iyinxalenye yendlela yomhlalutyi, enye yezona ndawo ziphambili zokusebenziseka. Imeko yomsebenzisi ichaza iindlela eziphambili zokuhamba kwakhe, ezinciphisa kakhulu inkululeko yokuzikhethela kumyili kunye nomthengi kwaye inceda ukunyusa isantya sophuhliso loyilo.

Ndonwabile kakhulu yindawo ekuchazwa kuyo okuchaseneyo nenyathelo ngalinye lokusebenzisana. Inkqubo epheleleyo ye-IT kufuneka ibonelele ngohlobo oluthile lokuphatha ngaphandle, enye ngesandla, enye ngokuzenzekelayo (njengoko kumzekelo ongentla).

Amava abonisa ukuba ukuphathwa ngendlela engacingelwanga kakuhle kunokuguqula inkqubo ibe yinkqubo engalunganga kakhulu. Ndikhumbula ibali xa ngamaxesha eSoviet, ukuze ufumane isigqibo, kwafuneka ufumane imvume ezininzi kwiinkonzo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye kubuhlungu kangakanani xa inkonzo yokugqibela ithi - kodwa isicelo sakho sikwigama elingalunganga okanye enye impazamo. iziphumlisi, yenza kwakhona yonke into kwaye uphinde ulungelelanise yonke into.

Ndihlala ndidibana neemeko apho indlela yokusebenza yenkqubo engakhange icingelwe ngaphandle ifuna ukusetyenzwa kwakhona okubalulekileyo kwenkqubo. Ngenxa yoko, isabelo sengonyama somsebenzi womhlalutyi sichithwa ekuphatheni okungafaniyo.

Ubhalo lwesicatshulwa, ngokuchaseneyo nedayagramu, luvumela ukuba kuchongwe kwaye kugutyungelwe izinto ezingaqhelekanga.

Ukongezwa kwindlela yokwenza

Imeko yokusetyenziswa ayiyona inxalenye ezimeleyo yenkcazo, ngokungafaniyo nebali lomsebenzisi.

Kulo mzekelo ungasentla, qwalasela ngaphandle “6.a. Akukho akhawunti yale imeyile ifunyenweyo.” kunye nenyathelo elilandelayo "6.a.1 Inkqubo ibonisa umyalezo ongaphumeleli kwaye iqhubele phambili kwisinyathelo sesi-2." Zeziphi izinto ezimbi ezishiywe ekuhleni? Kumxhasi, nayiphi na imbuyekezo ilingana nento yokuba wonke umsebenzi awenzileyo wokufaka idatha uphoswe kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma. (Akubonakali nje kwiscript!) Yintoni enokwenziwa? Yakha kwakhona iskripthi ukuze oku kungenzeki. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukwenza oku? Unako-njengomzekelo, jonga kwiskripthi sokugunyazwa kweGoogle.

Ufezekiso lwemeko

Le ncwadi ithetha ngokusesikweni, kodwa ithetha kancinci malunga neendlela zokuphucula iimeko ezinjalo.

Kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuqinisa indlela ngokulungiselela iimeko, kwaye indlela yokusetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni ivumela oku ukuba kwenziwe. Ngokukodwa, kufuneka ucinge malunga nemeko nganye eyenzekayo, misela unobangela, kwaye uphinde wakhe iskripthi ukuze ulahle ngaphandle okanye unciphise uhambo lomthengi.

Xa ubeka iodolo kwivenkile ye-intanethi, kufuneka ungene kwisixeko sokuhanjiswa. Kungavela ukuba ivenkile ayikwazi ukuhambisa iimpahla kwisixeko esikhethwe ngumxhasi ngenxa yokuba ayihambisi apho, ngenxa yezithintelo zobungakanani, okanye ngenxa yokungabikho kwempahla kwindawo yokugcina impahla.

Ukuba sichaza nje imeko yokusebenzisana kwinqanaba lokubhalisa, sinokubhala "ukwazisa umxhasi ukuba ukuhanjiswa akunakwenzeka kwaye unikeze ukutshintsha isixeko okanye iziqulatho zenqwelo" (kwaye abaninzi abahlalutyi be-novice bayeka apho). Kodwa ukuba zininzi iimeko ezinjalo, ke imeko inokuphuculwa.

Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenzile kukukuvumela ukuba ukhethe kuphela isixeko esinokuhambisa kuso. Xa ukwenza oku? Ngaphambi kokukhetha imveliso kwiwebhusayithi (i-autodetection yesixeko nge-IP ngokucaciswa).

Okwesibini, kufuneka sinikeze ukhetho kuphela kwiimpahla esinokuzisa kumxhasi. Xa ukwenza oku? Ngethuba lokukhetha - kwi-tile yemveliso kunye nekhadi lemveliso.

Ezi nguqu zimbini zihamba indlela ende ekupheliseni lo mkhethe.

Iimfuno zemilinganiselo kunye neemetrics

Xa uqwalasela umsebenzi wokunciphisa ukuphatha ngaphandle, unokuseta umsebenzi wokunika ingxelo (imeko yokusetyenziswa ayichazwanga). Zingaphi iinketho ebezikhona, kweziphi iimeko ezenzekileyo, kunye nokuba zingaphi iimeko ezingenayo eziphumeleleyo.

Kodwa maye. Amava abonise ukuba iimfuno zokunika ingxelo malunga neemeko ezikule fom azonelanga, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqwalaselwe iimfuno zokunika ingxelo kwiinkqubo ezichazwe ikakhulu kungekuko kwimeko yokusetyenziswa.

Ukufikelela kokuSebenzisa

Kwinkqubo yethu, siye sandisa ifom yenkcazo yemeko yokusetyenziswa kunye nenkcazo yeempawu ezithile zamaziko kunye nedatha ukwenzela ukuba umxhasi enze isigqibo, esonyusa ukusetyenziswa okulandelayo.

Kuyilo lokusebenziseka, songeze icandelo lokufaka - ukubonisa idatha.

Kwimeko enegunya, oku yinyaniso yokuba umxhasi ugunyazisiweyo kwinkqubo. Ukuba umxhasi ugunyazisiwe kwangaphambili, bonisa isilumkiso malunga nokutshintsha imbali yokukhangela kunye nenqwelo kwi-akhawunti entsha emva kokugunyaziswa okuphumelelayo.

Ngokubanzi, oku kuboniswa kolwazi oluyimfuneko kumxhasi ukwenzela ukuba enze isigqibo malunga nezenzo zakhe ezingaphezulu ngokwemeko (ungabuza ukuba le datha yanele kumxhasi, yintoni enye efunekayo, yintoni ulwazi oluyenzayo? umxhasi kufuneka enze izigqibo).  
Kukwafanelekile ukwahlula ulwazi olungenisiweyo kwiinkalo zegalelo ukuba zicutshungulwa ngokwahlukileyo kunye nokwakhiwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo.

Kumzekelo kunye nesigunyaziso somthengi, ukuba uyahlula ulwazi olungenisiweyo kwi-login kunye negama lokugqitha, ngoko kuyafaneleka ukuba utshintshe iskripthi sogunyaziso ukugqamisa izigaba zokungena ngemvume eyahlukileyo kunye negama eliyimfihlo (kwaye oku kwenziwa kwiYandex, Google, kodwa ayenziwa kwiivenkile ezininzi ze-intanethi).

Ukufikelela kwiinguqu zedatha ezifunekayo

Unokukhupha iimfuno ze-algorithms yokuguqulwa kwedatha kwiscript.

imizekelo:

• Ukwenza isigqibo sokuthenga imveliso kwivenkile ye-intanethi, umxhasi kufuneka azi kwikhadi lemveliso ukuba kunokwenzeka, ixabiso, ixesha lokuhambisa kwisixeko sakhe sale mveliso (ebalwa nge-algorithm esekelwe kubukho bemveliso iindawo zokugcina iimpahla kunye neeparamitha zekhonkco lokubonelela).
• Xa ufaka ibinzana kumgca wokukhangela, umxhasi uboniswa iingcebiso zokukhangela ngokwe-algorithm (eveliswa yi-algorithm...).

Iyonke

Ngokubanzi, emva kokufunda le ncwadi, ngelishwa, akucaci ukuba uhamba njani ukusuka kumhlalutyi ukuya kwiingxaki zoshishino ukuya kwinkcazo yobugcisa obusemthethweni bomphuhlisi. Incwadi ixelela kuphela inxalenye yenkqubo, kunye namanyathelo egalelo angacacanga kwaye amanyathelo alandelayo angacacanga. Imeko yokusetyenziswa yona ngokwayo ayisoloko iyingxelo epheleleyo yomphuhlisi.

Nangona kunjalo, le yindlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokumisela kunye nokucwangcisa iimeko zentsebenziswano phakathi kwento kunye nesifundo, xa unxibelelwano lubangela utshintsho kwinto ethile kwisifundo. Yenye yeendlela ezimbalwa zokubhala ezivumela iimfuno eziqinisekisiweyo kunye neendawo ezicacileyo zokukhangela ngaphandle.

Incwadi kufuneka ifundwe ukuze abahlalutyi baqalise ukubhala imidlalo enokuvavanywa.

umthombo: www.habr.com