Ukukhishwa kokusabalalisa kwe-Linux Fedora 34

Ukukhishwa kokusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux Fedora 34 kwethulwe Imikhiqizo ye-Fedora Workstation, i-Fedora Server, i-CoreOS, i-Fedora IoT Edition, kanye nesethi "yama-spins" anokwakhiwa okubukhoma kwezindawo zedeskithophu KDE Plasma 5, Xfce, i3, MATE. , I-Cinnamon, i-LXDE ilungiselelwe ukulayishwa kanye ne-LXQt. Ama-assemblies akhiqizelwa izakhiwo ze-x86_64, Power64, ARM64 (AArch64) kanye namadivayisi ahlukahlukene anamaphrosesa angu-32-bit ARM. Ukushicilelwa kwe-Fedora Silverblue builds kubambezelekile.

Ukuthuthuka okuphawuleka kakhulu ku-Fedora 34 yilezi:

• Konke ukusakazwa komsindo kuyiswe kuseva yemidiya ye-PipeWire, manje eseyikhona emisiwe esikhundleni se-PulseAudio ne-JACK. Ukusebenzisa i-PipeWire kukuvumela ukuthi unikeze amandla okusebenza omsindo ochwepheshe enguqulweni evamile yedeskithophu, ukhiphe ukuhlukana futhi uhlanganise ingqalasizinda yomsindo yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene.

  Ekukhishweni kwangaphambilini, i-Fedora Workstation yasebenzisa inqubo yangemuva ebizwa ngokuthi i-PulseAudio ukuze icubungule umsindo, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza zasebenzisa umtapo wezincwadi weklayenti ukuze uhlanganyele naleyo nqubo, ukuxuba nokuphatha ukusakazwa komsindo. Ukuze kucutshungulwe umsindo ochwepheshe, iseva yomsindo ye-JACK kanye nelabhulali yeklayenti ehlotshaniswa nayo isetshenzisiwe. Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana, esikhundleni semitapo yolwazi yokusebenzisana ne-PulseAudio ne-JACK, kufakwe isendlalelo esisebenza nge-PipeWire, esikuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze umsebenzi wawo wonke amaklayenti akhona e-PulseAudio nawe-JACK, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezilethwe ngefomethi ye-Flatpak. Kumakhasimende ayifa asebenzisa i-ALSA API yeleveli ephansi, i-plugin ye-ALSA ifakiwe ehambisa ukusakazwa komsindo ngokuqondile ku-PipeWire.

• Amabhilidi anedeskithophu ye-KDE ashintshiwe ukuze asebenzise i-Wayland ngokuzenzakalelayo. Iseshini esekelwe ku-X11 yehliselwe kunketho. Kuyaphawulwa ukuthi ukukhishwa kwe-KDE Plasma 34 enikezwe i-Fedora 5.20 kulethwe cishe ekulinganeni ekusebenzeni ngemodi yokusebenza ngaphezulu kwe-X11, okuhlanganisa nezinkinga zokusakaza isikrini nokunamathisela inkinobho yegundane eliphakathi. Ukuze usebenze lapho usebenzisa abashayeli be-NVIDIA yobunikazi, kusetshenziswa iphakheji ye-kwin-wayland-nvidia. Ukuhambisana nezinhlelo ze-X11 kuqinisekiswa kusetshenziswa ingxenye ye-XWayland.
• Ukusekelwa kwe-Wayland okuthuthukisiwe. Kwengezwe ikhono lokusebenzisa ingxenye ye-XWayland kumasistimu anamashayeli okuphathelene we-NVIDIA. Ezindaweni ezisekelwe ku-Wayland, usekelo lokusebenza kumodi engenakhanda luyenziwa, olukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izingxenye zedeskithophu kumasistimu eseva ekude ngokufinyelela nge-VNC noma i-RDP.
• Ideskithophu ye-Fedora Workstation ibuyekezelwe ku-GNOME 40 kanye ne-GTK 4. Ku-GNOME 40, amadeskithophu abonakalayo we-Activity Overview ashintshelwe ku-landscape futhi aboniswa ochungechungeni lokuskrola ngokuqhubekayo ukusuka kwesokunxele kuye kwesokudla. Ideskithophu ngayinye eboniswa kumodi yokubuka konke ibona ngeso lengqondo amafasitela atholakalayo futhi amapani aguquguqukayo kanye nokusondeza njengoba umsebenzisi exhumana. Uguquko olungenamthungo luhlinzekwa phakathi kohlu lwezinhlelo namadeskithophu abonakalayo. Ukuhleleka okuthuthukisiwe komsebenzi lapho kunabaqaphi abaningi. Idizayini yezinhlelo eziningi yenziwe yesimanje. I-GNOME Shell isekela ukusetshenziswa kwe-GPU ekunikezeni ama-shader.
• Zonke izinhlelo ze-Fedora zihanjiswe ukuze kusetshenziswe indlela ye-systemd-oomd yokusabela kusenesikhathi kuzimo zememori ephansi ohlelweni, esikhundleni senqubo esetshenziswe ngaphambilini. I-Systemd-oomd isekelwe ku-PSI (Pressure Stall Information) kernel subsystem, ekuvumela ukuba uhlaziye ulwazi lwesikhala somsebenzisi mayelana nesikhathi sokulinda sokuthola izinsiza ezihlukahlukene (CPU, inkumbulo, i-I/O) ukuhlola ngokunembile izinga lomthwalo wesistimu. kanye nemvelo yokuncipha. I-PSI yenza kube nokwenzeka ukubona ukuqala kokubambezeleka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinsiza futhi ngokukhetha inqamule izinqubo ezidinga izinsiza ezingeni lapho isistimu ingakabi sesimweni esibucayi futhi ingaqali ukusika ngokujulile inqolobane futhi isunduze idatha ekushintshanisweni. ukwahlukanisa.
• Isistimu yefayela ye-Btrfs, okuthe kusukela ekukhishweni kokugcina kube okuzenzakalelayo kwama-flavour edeskithophu ye-Fedora (Fedora Workstation, Fedora KDE, njll.), ihlanganisa ukuminyaniswa kwedatha okusobala kusetshenziswa i-algorithm ye-ZSTD. Ukucindezela kuwukuzenzakalelayo kokufakwa okusha kwe-Fedora 34. Abasebenzisi bezinhlelo ezikhona bangavumela ukucindezelwa ngokwengeza ifulegi elithi "compress=zstd:1" ku-/etc/fstab nokusebenzisa i-"sudo btrfs filesystem defrag -czstd -rv //home/" ukucindezela idatha esevele ikhona. Ukuze uhlole ukusebenza kahle kokucindezela, ungasebenzisa insiza ethi "compsize". Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukugcinwa kwedatha efomini elicindezelwe akugcini nje kusindisa isikhala sediski, kodwa futhi kwandisa impilo yesevisi yamadrayivu e-SSD ngokunciphisa ivolumu yemisebenzi yokubhala, futhi kukhulisa isivinini sokufunda nokubhala amafayela amakhulu, acindezelwe kahle kuma-drive ahamba kancane. .
• Izinhlelo ezisemthethweni zokusabalalisa zifaka phakathi inguqulo nomphathi wewindi le-i3, enikeza imodi yesakhiwo sewindi elinamathayela kudeskithophu.
• Ukwakhiwa kwezithombe ngedeskithophu ye-KDE yezinhlelo ezisuselwe ekwakhiweni kwe-AArch64 sekuqalile, ngaphezu kwemihlangano enedeskithophu ye-GNOME ne-Xfce, kanye nemifanekiso yezinhlelo zeseva.
• Isithombe esisha se-Comp Neuro Container sengeziwe, esihlanganisa ukukhethwa kokumodela nokulingisa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziwusizo ocwaningweni lwe-neuroscience.
• Uhlelo lwe-Intanethi Yezinto (i-Fedora IoT), olunikeza imvelo yesistimu ephulwe ibencane, ukubuyekezwa kwayo kwenziwa nge-athomu ngokushintsha isithombe salo lonke uhlelo, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza zihlukaniswa ohlelweni oluyinhloko kusetshenziswa iziqukathi ezingazodwa. (i-podman isetshenziselwa ukuphatha), ukusekelwa kwamabhodi e-ARM kwengezwe i-Pine64, i-RockPro64 ne-Jetson Xavier NX, kanye nokusekelwa okuthuthukisiwe kwamabhodi asekelwe ku-i.MX8 SoC afana ne-96boards Thor96 ne-Solid Run HummingBoard-M. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokulandelela ukwehluleka kwehadiwe (i-watchdog) ukuze kutholakale uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo kunikezwa.
• Ukwakhiwa kwamaphakheji ahlukene anemitapo yolwazi esetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi asekelwe ku-Node.js kunqanyuliwe. Kunalokho, i-Node.js ihlinzekwa ngamaphakheji ayisisekelo kuphela anotolika, amafayela anhlokweni, amalabhulali ayinhloko, amamojula kanambambili, namathuluzi okuphatha amaphakheji ayisisekelo (i-NPM, intambo). Izicelo ezithunyelwe endaweni yokugcina ye-Fedora ezisebenzisa i-Node.js zivunyelwe ukushumeka konke okuncikile okukhona kuphakheji eyodwa, ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa noma ukuhlukanisa imitapo yolwazi esetshenziswa kumaphakheji ahlukene. Ukushumeka imitapo yolwazi kuzokuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe imfuhlumfuhlu yamaphakheji amancane, kuzokwenza lula ukugcinwa kwamaphakheji (ngaphambilini, umnakekeli wachitha isikhathi esiningi ebuyekeza futhi ehlola amakhulukhulu amaphakheji anemitapo yolwazi kunasephaketheni elikhulu nohlelo), uzosusa ingqalasizinda yezingxabano zomtapo wolwazi futhi izoxazulula izinkinga ngokubophezela ezinguqulweni zomtapo wolwazi (abanakekeli bazofaka izinguqulo eziqinisekisiwe nezihloliwe ephaketheni).
• Injini yefonti yeFreeType iguqulelwe ukuze isebenzise injini yokubunjwa kwe-glyph ye-HarfBuzz. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-HarfBuzz ku-FreeType kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokusikisela (ukweshelisa uhlaka lweglyph ngesikhathi sokwenza i-rasterization ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukucaca kuzikrini ezinokulungiswa okuphansi) lapho ubonisa umbhalo ngezilimi ezinesakhiwo sombhalo esiyinkimbinkimbi, lapho ama-glyphs angakhiwa kusuka eziningana. abalingiswa. Ikakhulukazi, ukusebenzisa i-HarfBuzz kukuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe inkinga yokungaziba ama-ligatures lapho kungekho khona izinhlamvu ezihlukene ze-Unicode lapho uhintitha.
• Amandla okukhubaza i-SELinux ngenkathi isebenza asusiwe - ukuyikhubaza ngokushintsha izilungiselelo /etc/selinux/config (SELINUX=disabled) ayisasekelwa. Ngemuva kokuthi i-SELinux iqalisiwe, izibambi ze-LSM manje zisethelwe kumodi yokufunda kuphela, ethuthukisa ukuvikeleka ekuhlaselweni okuzama ukukhubaza i-SELinux ngemuva kokusebenzisa ubungozi obuvumela okuqukethwe kwenkumbulo ye-kernel ukuthi kushintshwe. Ukuze ukhubaze i-SELinux, ungaqalisa kabusha uhlelo ngokudlulisela ipharamitha ethi “selinux=0” kulayini womyalo we-kernel. Amandla okushintsha phakathi kwezindlela "zokuphoqelela" kanye "nokuvumela" phakathi nenqubo yokuqalisa liyagcinwa.
• Ingxenye ye-Xwayland DDX, esebenzisa i-X.Org Server ukuze ihlele ukusetshenziswa kwezicelo ze-X11 ezindaweni ezisekelwe e-Wayland, ihanjiswe kuphakheji ehlukile, ehlanganiswe kusukela kusisekelo sekhodi esisha esizimele ekukhishweni okuzinzile kwe-X. Iseva ye-Org.
• Kunikwe amandla ukuqalisa kabusha kwazo zonke izinsiza ezibuyekeziwe zesistimu ngesikhathi esisodwa ngemva kokuqedwa komsebenzi kumphathi wephakheji we-RPM. Nakuba ngaphambilini isevisi yaqalwa kabusha ngokushesha ngemva kokubuyekeza iphakheji ngayinye eyayiphambana nayo, manje ulayini usuyakhiwe futhi amasevisi aqalwa kabusha ekupheleni impela kweseshini ye-RPM, ngemva kokuba wonke amaphakheji nemitapo yolwazi ebuyekeziwe.
• Izithombe zamabhodi e-ARMv7 (armhfp) ziguqulelwe ku-UEFI ngokuzenzakalelayo.
• Usayizi wedivayisi yokushintshaniswa okubonakalayo onikezwe injini ye-zRAM ukhushulwa ukusuka kukota ukuya kuhhafu wosayizi wememori ebonakalayo, futhi ukhawulelwe kumkhawulo ongu-8 GB. Ushintsho lukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ngempumelelo isifaki se-Anaconda kusistimu enenani elincane le-RAM.
• Ukulethwa kwamaphakheji ekhreyithi olimi lwe-Rust egatsheni elizinzile kuqinisekisiwe. Amaphakheji anikezwe isiqalo "rust-".
• Ukuze kuncishiswe usayizi wokufakwa kwezithombe ze-ISO, i-SquashFS ehlanzekile inikezwa, ngaphandle kwesendlalelo se-EXT4 esidleke, esasetshenziselwa izizathu zomlando.
• Amafayela okucushwa kwe-GRUB bootloader ahlanganisiwe kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezisekelwayo, kungakhathaliseki ukusekelwa kwe-EFI.
• Ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala sediski, ukucindezelwa kwamafayela ane-firmware esetshenziswa i-Linux kernel kunikezwa (kusukela ku-kernel 5.3, ukulayisha i-firmware kusuka ezingoboni zomlando ze-xz kuyasekelwa). Uma ingapakishwa, yonke i-firmware ithatha cishe i-900 MB, futhi lapho icindezelwe, usayizi wayo wehliswa ngesigamu.
• Iphakheji ye-ntp (iseva yokuvumelanisa isikhathi esiqondile) ithathelwe indawo ngemfologo ye-ntpsec.
• I-xemacs, i-xemacs-packages-base, i-xemacs-packages-extra kanye namaphakheji e-neXtaw, ukuthuthukiswa kwawo osekunesikhathi eside kumile, kumenyezelwe ukuthi awasasebenzi. Iphakheji le-nscd lihoxisiwe - i-systemd-resolved manje isetshenziselwa ukugcina isizindalwazi somsingathi, futhi i-sssd ingasetshenziswa ukugcina inqolobane yezinsizakalo eziqanjwe igama.
• Amaqoqo we-xorg-x11-* wezinsiza ze-X11 anqanyuliwe;
• Ukusetshenziswa kwegama eliyinhloko kumakhosombe we-git wephrojekthi kumisiwe, njengoba leli gama lisanda kuthathwa njengelingalungile ngokwepolitiki. Igama legatsha elizenzakalelayo kumakhosombe we-git manje "liyinhloko", futhi kumakhosombe anamaphakheji afana ne-src.fedoraproject.org/rpms igatsha lithi "rawhide".
• Izinguqulo zephakheji ezibuyekeziwe, ezihlanganisa: GCC 11, LLVM/Clang 12, Glibc 2.33, Binutils 2.35, Golang 1.16, Ruby 3.0, Ruby on Rails 6.1, BIND 9.16, MariaDB 10.5, PostgreSQL 13. Kubuyekezwe i-X0.16.0f4.16Qt ne-LceX.XNUMX
• Ilogo entsha yethulwe.

Ngasikhathi sinye, amakhosombe “amahhala” kanye “nengamahhala” ephrojekthi ye-RPM Fusion yethulwa ku-Fedora 34, lapho amaphakheji anezinhlelo zokusebenza ezengeziwe ze-multimedia (MPlayer, VLC, Xine), ama-codec wevidiyo/alalelwayo, ukwesekwa kwe-DVD, i-AMD yobunikazi kanye Abashayeli be-NVIDIA, izinhlelo zemidlalo, ama-emulators.

Source: opennet.ru