Sawubona ozakwethu!
Π Kulo mbhalo, sajwayelana nesici esiwusizo futhi, njengoba ubona, esidingeka kakhulu sengqalasizinda ye-VoIP, njengohlelo lokuqapha ithrafikhi noma, ngamafuphi, i-SMT. Sithole ukuthi iyini, yiziphi izinkinga eyixazululayo, futhi saphawula nabameleli abaqavile abethulwe onjiniyela emhlabeni we-IT. Kule ngxenye, sizocubungula imigomo ngokwendlela i-SMT esetshenziswa ngayo kungqalasizinda ye-IT kanye nokuqapha kwethrafikhi ye-VoIP kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela zayo.
I-Architecture ye-VoIP traffic monitoring systems
Sakha sakha futhi ekugcineni sakha. Hooray!
Kusuka ku-cartoon "Cheburashka ne-Crocodile Gena."
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni, kunemikhiqizo eyanele embonini yezokuxhumana nezokuxhumana ewela esigabeni esifanele. Kodwa-ke, uma sicaphuna egameni, umthuthukisi, inkundla, njll., singabona ukuthi zonke ziyefana noma zincane ngokuya ngezakhiwo zazo (okungenani lezo umbhali obekumele abhekane nazo). Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lokhu kubangelwa ngokuqondile ukungabibikho okulula kwanoma yiziphi ezinye izindlela zokuthwebula ithrafikhi kusuka kuzakhi zenethiwekhi ukuze kube nokuhlaziywa kwayo okuningiliziwe okwalandela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kwakamuva, ngokombono oqondile, kunqunywa kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwamanje kwezindawo ezihlukahlukene zemboni yezifundo. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okucacile, cabangela isifaniso esilandelayo.
Kusukela ngesikhathi usosayensi omkhulu waseRussia u-Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kotelnikov enza i-theorem yesampula, isintu sithole ithuba elihle kakhulu lokwenza ukuguqulwa kwezimpawu zenkulumo ze-analog-to-digital kanye ne-digital-to-analog, sibonga singasebenzisa ngokugcwele uhlobo oluhle kangaka. yokuxhumana njenge-IP telephony. Uma ubheka ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokucubungula amasignali enkulumo (ama-algorithms, ama-codec, izindlela zokufaka ikhodi, njll.), ungabona ukuthi i-DSP (ukucubungula isignali yedijithali) isithathe kanjani isinyathelo esibalulekile ekubhaleni imilayezo yolwazi - ukusebenzisa ikhono lokubikezela. isignali yenkulumo. Okusho ukuthi, esikhundleni sokumane kufakwe kudijithali nokusebenzisa i-a- kanye nemithetho yokucindezela (G.711A/G.711U), manje sekungenzeka ukudlulisa ingxenye kuphela yamasampula bese ubuyisela wonke umlayezo ovela kuwo, okusindisa kakhulu. umkhawulokudonsa. Uma sibuyela esihlokweni se-MMT, siyaqaphela ukuthi okwamanje azikho izinguquko zekhwalithi ezifanayo endleleni yokuthwebula i-traffic, ngaphandle kohlobo olulodwa noma olunye lwesibuko.
Ake sibheke lesi sibalo esingezansi, esikhombisa lokho okwakhiwe ngongoti ezindaweni ezifanele zezifundo.
Umfanekiso 1. Umdwebo ojwayelekile wezakhiwo ze-SMT.
Cishe noma iyiphi i-SMT iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: iseva nama-ejenti wokubamba ithrafikhi (noma ama-probe). Iseva ithola, icubungule futhi igcine ithrafikhi ye-VoIP evela kubasebenzeli, futhi ihlinzeka ochwepheshe ngekhono lokusebenza ngolwazi olutholiwe ekubukweni okuhlukahlukene (amagrafu, imidwebo, Ukugeleza Kocingo, njll). Ama-ejenti wokuthwebula athola ithrafikhi ye-VoIP kusukela kuzinto ezisetshenziswayo zenethiwekhi (isibonelo, i-SBC, i-softswitch, amasango,..), ayiguqulele kufomethi esetshenziswa kusofthiwe yeseva yesistimu esetshenziswayo, futhi iyidlulisele kweyakamuva ukuze kunukubezwe okulandelayo.
Njengoba nje emculweni, abaqambi benza ukuhluka kwezingoma eziyinhloko zemisebenzi, ngakho-ke kulokhu, izinketho ezihlukahlukene zokusebenzisa lolu hlelo olungenhla zingenzeka. Ukuhlukahluka kwazo kukhulu kakhulu futhi kunqunywa ikakhulukazi izici zengqalasizinda lapho i-MMT isetshenziswa khona. Inketho evame kakhulu yileyo lapho kungekho khona ama-ejenti wokubamba afakiwe noma amisiwe. Kulesi simo, ithrafikhi ehlaziywe ithunyelwa ngokuqondile kuseva noma, isibonelo, iseva ithola ulwazi oludingekayo kumafayela e-pcap akhiqizwa izinto zokuqapha. Le ndlela yokulethwa ngokuvamile ikhethwa uma kungenakwenzeka ukufaka ama-probe. Indawo yemishini esizeni, ukuntuleka kwezinsiza zamathuluzi okwenza izinto ezibonakalayo, amaphutha enhlanganweni yenethiwekhi yezokuthutha ye-IP futhi, ngenxa yalokho, izinkinga ngokuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi, njll., konke lokhu kungase kube isizathu sokukhetha okuphawuliwe inketho yokuhlela ukuqapha.
Ngemva kokufunda futhi saqonda ukuthi lokhu noma leyo-SMT ingasetshenziswa kanjani kungqalasizinda ye-IT ngokombono wezokwakha, sizocabangela izici ezingaphakathi kwekhono labaphathi bohlelo, okungukuthi, izindlela zokusebenzisa isofthiwe yesistimu kumaseva.
Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwesinqumo mayelana nokuqaliswa kwengxenye yenethiwekhi yokuqapha ecatshangelwayo, abaqalisi bahlale benemibuzo eminingi. Isibonelo, kufanele kube yini ukwakheka kwe-hardware yeseva, ingabe kwanele ukufaka zonke izingxenye zesistimu kumsingathi oyedwa noma kufanele zihlukaniswe komunye nomunye, indlela yokufaka isofthiwe, njll. Imibuzo ebalwe ngenhla, kanye neminye imibuzo eminingi ehlobene nayo, ibanzi kakhulu, futhi izimpendulo kwabaningi bayo zincike ngempela ezimweni ezithile zokusebenza (noma ukuklama). Kodwa-ke, sizozama ukufingqa imininingwane ethile ukuze sithole umbono ojwayelekile kanye nokuqonda kwalolu hlangothi lokusatshalaliswa kwe-CMT.
Ngakho-ke, into yokuqala ochwepheshe abahlale benentshisekelo kuyo lapho besebenzisa i-SMT ukuthi yiziphi izici zokusebenza okufanele iseva isetshenziswe nazo? Uma kucatshangelwa ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwesoftware yamahhala, lo mbuzo ubuzwa izikhathi eziningi kangangokuba ukuthandwa kwawo cishe kungafaniswa nombuzo othi "Yini okufanele ngiyenze ebuzwa nguNikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky ... Isici esiyinhloko esithonya impendulo inombolo ye amaseshini emidiya asetshenzwayo noma azocutshungulwa inkundla yocingo. Isici sezinombolo nesibambekayo esinikeza ukuhlola okuthile kwesici esiphawuliwe yipharamitha ye-CAPS (Imizamo Yokushaya Ngesekhondi) noma inombolo yezingcingo ngomzuzwana. Isidingo sokuphendula lo mbuzo ngokuyinhloko singenxa yokuthi ulwazi mayelana namaseshini athunyelwe ohlelweni oluzodala umthwalo kuseva yayo.
Udaba lwesibili oluvela lapho kunqunywa izici zezingxenye ze-hardware yeseva ukwakheka kwesofthiwe (izindawo zokusebenza, imininingwane yolwazi, njll.) ezosebenza kuyo. Ithrafikhi yesiginali (noma imidiya) ifika kuseva, lapho icutshungulwa khona (imilayezo yesignali idluliswa) ngolunye uhlelo lokusebenza (ngokwesibonelo, i-Kamailio), bese ulwazi olukhiqizwa ngendlela ethile lufakwa kusizindalwazi. Kuma-CMT ahlukene, kokubili izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukanisa amayunithi esignali nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinikeza isitoreji zingahluka. Kodwa-ke, wonke ahlanganiswe uhlobo olufanayo lwe-multithreading. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngenxa yezici zengqalasizinda efana ne-SMT, kufanele kuqashelwe kuleli phuzu ukuthi inani lemisebenzi yokubhala kudiski lidlula kakhulu inani lemisebenzi yokufunda evela kuyo.
Futhi ekugcineni... "Kuningi kakhulu kuleli gama": iseva, i-virtualization, i-containerization... Isici sokugcina, kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu esithintwayo kule ngxenye ye-athikili izindlela ezingenzeka zokufaka izingxenye ze-MMT phakathi nokuthunyelwa kwayo. Kufakwe ohlwini eduze kwengcaphuno evela encwadini yokungafi ka-A.S. Ubuchwepheshe bePushkin busetshenziswa kabanzi kwingqalasizinda ehlukahlukene namaphrojekthi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zixhumene eduze komunye nomunye, futhi ngakolunye, zihluke ngokuphawulekayo ezimweni eziningi. Kodwa-ke, zonke, ngandlela thize, zethulwa onjiniyela njengezinketho ezitholakalayo zokufaka imikhiqizo yabo. Sifingqa amasistimu asohlwini lwengxenye yokuqala ye-athikili, siqaphela izindlela ezilandelayo zokuzisebenzisa kuseva ebonakalayo noma umshini obonakalayo:
- ukusetshenziswa kwemibhalo yokufaka okuzenzakalelayo noma ukuzifakela kanye nokucushwa okulandelayo kwesoftware ehambisanayo,
- ukusetshenziswa kwesithombe se-OS esenziwe ngomumo esinesoftware ye-SMT efakwe ngaphambili kanye/noma i-ejenti,
- ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuthwala (i-Docker).
Amathuluzi okufaka asohlwini anezinzuzo zawo kanye nokubi, futhi ochwepheshe banezintandokazi zabo, imikhawulo kanye nezimo ezithile lapho ingqalasizinda abasebenza noma abayisebenzisayo itholakala khona ukuze baveze noma yiziphi izincomo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, incazelo enikeziwe yezindlela zokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuqapha ithrafikhi ye-SIP isobala, futhi kulesi sigaba samanje ayidingi ukucatshangelwa okunemininingwane eyengeziwe.
Lesi esinye isihloko esinikelwe engxenyeni ebalulekile nethakazelisayo yenethiwekhi ye-VoIP - uhlelo lokuqapha ithrafikhi ye-SIP. Njengenhlalayenza, ngibonga abafundi ngokunaka kwabo kule ndaba! Engxenyeni elandelayo sizozama ukujula nakakhulu ekucaciseni futhi sibheke i-HOMER SIP Capture kanye nemikhiqizo ye-SIP3.
Source: www.habr.com