Sawubona, Habr! Ngethula ekunakeni kwakho ukuhunyushwa kwalesi sihloko nguJeremy Howard noRachel Thomas.
Kusuka kumhumushi
E-Russia, inkinga ye-Covid-19 ayikabi kangako njengamanje, kodwa kufanele ukuqonde ukuthi e-Italy emasontweni amabili edlule isimo besingebucayi kangako. Futhi kungcono ukwazisa umphakathi kusenesikhathi kunokuzisola kamuva. EYurophu, abantu abaningi abayithathi ngokungathi sína le nkinga, futhi ngalokho babeka abanye abantu abaningi engozini - njengoba manje kubonakala eSpain (ukwanda okusheshayo kwenani lamacala).
Isihloko
Singososayensi bedatha, umsebenzi wethu ukuhlaziya nokuhumusha idatha. Futhi idatha ku-covid-19 iyimbangela yokukhathazeka. Amaqembu asengozini enkulu emphakathini wethu, abantu abadala kanye nabantu abahola kancane, basengozini enkulu, kodwa ukuze silawule ukusabalala nomthelela walesi sifo kumele sonke siguqule indlela esiziphatha ngayo. Geza izandla zakho kahle futhi kaningi, gwema izixuku, khansela imicimbi ehleliwe futhi ugweme ukuthinta ubuso bakho. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizochaza ukuthi kungani sikhathazeka—nokuthi kungani kufanele ukhathazeke nawe. I-Corona Kafushane ka-Ethan Alley (umongameli wenhlangano engenzi nzuzo ethuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokunciphisa ubungozi bezifo eziwubhadane) iyindatshana enhle kakhulu efingqa lonke ulwazi olubalulekile.
Sidinga uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo olusebenzayo.
Eminyakeni embalwa nje edlule, omunye wethu (uRachel) kwatholakala ukuthi unesifo sobuchopho esibulala cishe ingxenye yesine yabantu abasitholayo; ingxenye yesithathu ihlushwa ukukhubazeka kwengqondo impilo yonke. Abaningi basala nomonakalo ukuphila kwabo konke embonweni nasekuzweni kwabo. U-Rachel wafika endaweni yokupaka esibhedlela esesimweni esibi kakhulu, kodwa waba nenhlanhla futhi wathola ukunakwa, ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa ayekudinga. Kuze kube muva nje, uRaheli ubengumqemane. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ukufinyelela ngokushesha egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo kusindise impilo yakhe.
Manje, ake sikhulume nge-covid-19 nokuthi yini engenzeka kubantu abasesimweni esifanayo emasontweni nasezinyangeni ezizayo. Isibalo sabantu abangenwe yi-covid-19 siphindeka kabili njalo ezinsukwini ezi-3-6. Ngenani eliphindeka kabili njalo ezinsukwini ezi-3, inani labantu abangenwe yileli gciwane lingakhula ngokuphindwe ka-100 emasontweni ama-XNUMX (empeleni akulula kangako, kodwa masingathatheki ngemininingwane). abantu abanaleli gciwane badinga amasonto amaningi okulaliswa esibhedlela, futhi abaningi badinga umoya-mpilo. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi lesi sekuyisiqalo nje sokubhebhetheka kwaleli gciwane, sekuvele kunezifunda lapho ingekho khona imibhede engenalutho ezibhedlela - futhi abantu abakwazi ukuthola ukwelashwa okudingekile (hhayi i-coronavirus kuphela, kodwa nezinye izifo, ngokwesibonelo. , lolo kwelashwa okubalulekile, uRaheli ayekudinga). Isibonelo, e-Italy, lapho ngesonto eledlule abaphathi bememezele ukuthi isimo siyalawuleka, manje cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyi-16 bavalelwe ekhaya (Ukuvuselelwa: amahora ayi-6 ngemuva kwalokhu okuthunyelwe, i-Italy yavala izwe lonke), namatende afanayo. akhiwa ukuze abhekane nokugeleza kweziguli ngandlela thize:
Itende lezokwelapha e-Italy.
UDkt. Antonio Pesenti, inhloko yomnyango wesifunda obhekene nezimo ezibucayi enyakatho ye-Italy, : “Akukho esingakwenza ngaphandle kokuhlela ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo emaphasishi, emakamelweni okuhlinza, ezigcemeni... Enye yezinhlelo zezempilo ezihamba phambili - eLombardy - isizowa.
Akufani nomkhuhlane
Izinga lokufa komkhuhlane lilinganiselwa ku-0.1%. UMark Lipstitch, umqondisi weCentre for the Dynamics of Infectious Diseases eHarvard Ukufa kwe-coronavirus kungu-1-2%. ithole izinga lokufa elingu-1.6% ngoFebhuwari eShayina, eliphindwe izikhathi ezingu-16 kunomkhuhlane (lesi silinganiso singase singanembile, njengoba ukufa kukhuphuka lapho izinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zihluleka). Ukuhlola okuhle: abantu abaningi bazobulawa yi-coronavirus izikhathi eziyi-10 kulo nyaka kunomkhuhlane (kanye U-Elena Grewal, owayengumqondisi we-Data Science kwa-Airbnb, ukhombisa ukuthi esimweni esibi kakhulu, abantu abaningi bangafa ngokuphindwe kayikhulu). Futhi lokhu akuwunaki umthelela omkhulu ohlelweni lwezokwelapha, njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi abanye abantu bazama ukuzitshela ukuthi lesi simo asiyona into entsha nokuthi lesi sifo sifana kakhulu nomkhuhlane - ngoba abafuni ngempela ukwamukela iqiniso abangalazi.
Ubuchopho bethu abuklanyelwe ukuqonda ngokunembile ukwanda kwenani labantu abagulayo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele sihlaziye lesi simo njengososayensi, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa intuition.
Izobukeka kanjani emasontweni amabili? Izinyanga ezimbili?
Ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu ngamunye onomkhuhlane uthelela abanye abangaba ngu-1.3. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi “R0” umkhuhlane. Uma i-R0 ingaphansi kuka-1.0, ukutheleleka akusabalali futhi kuyama. Emazingeni aphezulu, ukutheleleka kuyasakazeka. ICoronavirus njengamanje inenani lama-R0 kwangu-2-3 ngaphandle kwaseChina. Umehluko ungase ubonakale umncane, kodwa ngemva “kwezizukulwane” ezingu-20 zabantu abanaleli gciwane, abantu abangu-0 bayongenwa u-R1.3 146, kanti abayizigidi ezingu-0 ngo-R2.5 36! (Lokhu, vele, kuhlawumbiselwe kakhulu futhi lesi sibalo sishaya indiva izici eziningi, kodwa kuwumfanekiso onengqondo womehluko ohlobene phakathi kwe-coronavirus nomkhuhlane, zonke ezinye izinto ziyalingana).
Qaphela ukuthi i-R0 ayiyona ipharamitha yesifo esiyisisekelo. Incike ekuphenduleni futhi ingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi eChina i-R0 ye-coronavirus yehle kakhulu - futhi manje isisondela ku-1.0! Kanjani? - uyabuza. Ngokusebenzisa zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo ngesilinganiso okunzima ukusicabanga ezweni elifana, isibonelo, i-United States: ngokuvala ngokuphelele ama-megacities nokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuhlola oluvumela ukuqapha isimo sabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi ngesonto.
Kunokudideka okuningi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana (kuhlanganise namaphrofayili adumile afana no-Elon Musk) mayelana nomehluko phakathi kokukhula kokungena nokuchayeka. Ukukhula kwezinto kubhekisela endleleni yokusabalalisa ubhubhane yefomu S. Ukukhula okuphawulekayo, ngeke kuqhubeke unomphela - khona-ke kuzoba nabantu abaningi abangenwe yileli gciwane ukudlula bonke abantu bomhlaba! Ngakho-ke ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokutheleleka kufanele lihlale lehlisa ijubane, lisiholela esimweni sika-S (esaziwa ngokuthi i-sigmoid) sokukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwehla kobude akwenzeki lutho - akuwona umlingo. Izizathu eziyinhloko:
- Izenzo ezinkulu nezisebenzayo zomphakathi.
- Inani eliphakeme labantu abangenwe yileli gciwane, okuholela enanini eliphansi labangaba izisulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwabantu abanempilo.
Ngakho-ke akukho mqondo wokuthembela ekukhuleni kwezinto njengendlela yokulawula ubhubhane.
Esinye isizathu esenza kube nzima ukuthola umthelela we-coronavirus emphakathini wangakini ukubambezeleka okukhulu phakathi kokutheleleka nokulaliswa esibhedlela - imvamisa cishe izinsuku eziyi-11. Lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyinkathi emfushane, kodwa ngesikhathi uqaphela ukuthi izibhedlela zigcwele ngokweqile, ukutheleleka kuyobe sekufinyelele ezingeni lapho kuzoba nabantu abaphindwe izikhathi ezingu-5-10.
Qaphela ukuthi kunezinkomba zakuqala zokuthi umthelela endaweni yangakini ungancika ngandlela thize kwisimo sezulu. Esihlokweni esithi ""Ithi lesi sifo sesisabalele kuze kube manje ezindaweni ezipholile (ngeshwa ngathi, izinga lokushisa eSan Francisco, lapho sihlala khona, likulolu hlu; izikhungo eziyinhloko zaseYurophu, kuhlanganise neLondon, nazo ziwela lapho).
"Ungabi novalo. "Zola" akusizi
Enye yezimpendulo ezivame kakhulu kwizingcingo zokuthi uqaphe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ithi “Ungathuki” noma “hlala uzolile.” Lokhu akusizi, ngisho nokuncane. Akekho owayecabanga ukuthi ukwethuka kwakuyiyona ndlela engcono kakhulu yokuphuma kulesi simo. Ngesizathu esithile, noma kunjalo, "ukuhlala uzolile" kuyimpendulo ethandwa kakhulu kweminye imibuthano (kodwa hhayi phakathi kwezazi zezifo eziwumshayabhuqe, umsebenzi wazo owukulandelela izinto ezinjalo). Mhlawumbe “ukuthula” kusiza othile ukuthi azithethelele ngokungenzi lutho kwakhe noma azizwe emkhulu kunabantu abacabangayo abasesimweni sokwethuka.
Kodwa “uzola” kungaholela kalula ekuhlulekeni ukulungiselela nokusabela. E-China, abantu abayizigidi eziyi-10 bahlaliswa bodwa futhi kwakhiwa izibhedlela ezimbili ezintsha ngesikhathi zise-US yanamuhla. I-Italy ilinde isikhathi eside futhi namhlanje (ngeSonto Mashi 8) bamemezele izifo ezintsha eziyi-1492 nokufa kwabantu abayi-133, yize abantu abayizigidi eziyi-16 bevalelwe phansi. Ngokusekelwe olwazini olungcono kakhulu esingaluqinisekisa okwamanje, emasontweni angu-2-3 edlule i-Italy yayisesimweni esifanayo nese-US ne-England namuhla (ngokwezibalo zokutheleleka).
Qaphela ukuthi cishe yonke into ehlobene ne-coronavirus isemoyeni. Asilazi izinga lokutheleleka noma ukufa, asazi ukuthi liphila isikhathi esingakanani endaweni engaphezulu, asazi noma liyasinda noma lisakazeka kanjani ezindaweni ezishisayo. Esinakho nje ukuqagela kwethu okuhle kakhulu okusekelwe olwazini olungcono kakhulu esingaluthola. Futhi khumbula ukuthi iningi lalolu lwazi liseShayina, ngesiShayina. Manje indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqonda ulwazi lwamaShayina ukufunda umbiko , ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni oluhlanganyelwe lochwepheshe abangu-25 abavela eChina, eJalimane, eJapane, eKorea, eNigeria, eRussia, eSingapore, e-USA nase-WHO.
Lapho kunokungaqiniseki okuthile - ukuthi mhlawumbe ngeke kube khona ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke nokuthi mhlawumbe konke kuzomane kudlule ngaphandle kokuwa kohlelo lwesibhedlela - lokhu akusho ukuthi isinqumo esifanele ukungenzi lutho. Lokhu kungaba ukuqagela kakhulu futhi kungafaneleki kunoma yisiphi isimo. Kubukeka kungenakwenzeka futhi ukuthi amazwe afana ne-Italy neChina angavala izingxenye ezinkulu zomnotho wawo ngaphandle kwesizathu esihle. Futhi lokhu akuhambisani nalokho esikubona ezindaweni ezinegciwane lapho uhlelo lwezokwelapha lungakwazi ukumelana nakho (ngokwesibonelo, e-Italy, kusetshenziswa amatende angama-462 ukuze kuhlolwe kuqala, futhi iziguli ezinakekela abagula kakhulu zazisetshenziswa. ezindaweni ezingcolile).
Esikhundleni salokho, impendulo enengqondo, enengqondo ukulandela izinyathelo ezinconywe ochwepheshe ukuvimbela ukusabalala kokutheleleka:
- Gwema izixuku.
- Khansela imicimbi.
- Sebenza ukude (uma kungenzeka).
- Geza izandla lapho ungena futhi uphuma endlini—futhi ngokuvamile lapho ungaphandle kwekhaya.
- Gwema ukuthinta ubuso bakho, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kwekhaya (akulula!).
- Ukubulala amagciwane ezindaweni nezikhwama (igciwane kungenzeka liphile kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-9 endaweni, nakuba lokhu kungaziwa ngokuqinisekile).
Lokhu akuthinti wena kuphela
Uma uneminyaka engaphansi kwengama-50 futhi ungenazo izici engcupheni ezifana namasosha omzimba abuthaka, isifo senhliziyo, ukubhema noma ezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona, ungakhululeka: mancane amathuba okuthi uzobulawa yi-coronavirus. Kodwa indlela osabela ngayo isabaluleke kakhulu. Asemakhulu amathuba okuthi ungenwe yilesi sifo - kanti uma utheleleka, maningi futhi amathuba okuthi uthelele abanye. Ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu ngamunye onegciwane uthelela abantu abangaphezu kwababili, futhi batheleleka ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu. Uma unabazali obanakekelayo noma ugogo nomkhulu futhi uhlela ukuchitha isikhathi nabo, ungase uthole kamuva ukuthi ubathelele nge-coronavirus. Futhi lokhu kuwumthwalo onzima oyohlala impilo yonke.
Ngisho noma ungaxhumani nabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, cishe unabo osebenza nabo abaningi futhi ojwayelene nezifo ezingamahlalakhona kunokuba uqaphela. ukuthi bambalwa abantu abakhuluma ngempilo yabo emsebenzini ngenxa . Sobabili sisengozini, kodwa abantu abaningi esisebenzisana nabo bangase bangakwazi lokhu.
Futhi-ke, lokhu akusebenzi kuphela kubantu abaseduze kwakho. Lokhu futhi kuyindaba ebaluleke kakhulu yokuziphatha. Noma ngubani owenza umzamo wokunciphisa ukubhebhetheka kwaleli gciwane usiza wonke umphakathi wehlise ukubhebhetheka kwalo. Njengoba uZeynep Tufekci abhala: : "Ukulungiselela cishe ukusakazeka okuthile kwegciwane emhlabeni jikelele... kungenye yezinto ezizuzisa kakhulu emphakathini, ezingenangqondo ongayenza." Uyaqhubeka:
Kumelwe silungiselele - hhayi ngoba sizizwa sisengozini, kodwa futhi ukunciphisa ingozi ngayinye yethu. Akumele sizilungiselele ngoba ukuphela komhlaba kuyeza, kodwa ngoba singashintsha zonke izici zobungozi esibhekene nazo njengomphakathi. Kuyiqiniso, udinga ukuzilungiselela ngoba omakhelwane bakho bayakudinga - ikakhulukazi omakhelwane bakho asebekhulile, omakhelwane bakho abasebenza ezibhedlela, omakhelwane bakho abanezifo ezingelapheki nomakhelwane bakho abangakwazi ukuzilungiselela ngenxa yokushoda kwesikhathi noma izinsiza.
Kwasithinta ngabanye. Isifundo esikhulu nesibaluleke kakhulu esisenze ku-fast.ai, esimele isiphetho seminyaka yomsebenzi wethu, besihlelelwe ukuthi siqale eNyuvesi yaseSan Francisco esikhathini esingangesonto. NgoLwesithathu olwedlule (ngoMashi 4) sinqume ukuletha sonke isifundo ku-inthanethi. Sasingezinye zezifundo zokuqala ukushintshela kuzo . Kungani senze lokhu? Ngoba ekuqaleni kwesonto eledlule sibonile ukuthi ngokuqhuba lesi sifundo besikhuthaza ngokungaqondile ukuhlangana kwabantu abaningi endaweni ebiyelwe, izikhathi eziningi phakathi namasonto ambalwa. Ukuqoqa amaqembu abantu endaweni evalekile kuyinto embi kakhulu ongayenza kulesi simo. Sazizwa sinesibopho sokukuvimbela lokhu. Lesi sinqumo sasinzima kakhulu. Isikhathi sami sokusebenza nabafundi sasingesinye sezinjabulo zami ezinkulu nezikhathi ezikhiqiza kakhulu unyaka ngamunye. Futhi abafundi bethu bebezondiza bevela emhlabeni wonke kulesi sifundo - besingafuni ukubadumaza.
Kodwa sasazi ukuthi kwakuyisinqumo esifanele ngoba uma kungenjalo sasiyokwandisa ukubhebhetheka kwalesi sifo emphakathini wethu.
Kufanele silethe ijika
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba uma sinciphisa ukubhebhetheka kokutheleleka emphakathini, sizonikeza izibhedlela kulowo mphakathi isikhathi sokubhekana neziguli ezinaleli gciwane kanye neziguli ezivamile okufanele zizelapha. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "flattening ijika" futhi kuboniswa ngokucacile kulo mdwebo:
U-Farzad Mostashari, owayenguMxhumanisi Kazwelonke Wezempilo IT, wachaza: “Kunamacala amasha nsuku zonke angenamlando wokuhamba noma axhumene namacala aziwayo, futhi siyazi ukuthi amane ayingxenye yeqhwa ngenxa yokubambezeleka kokuhlolwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani labantu abangenwe yileli gciwane lizokhula kakhulu emasontweni amabili ezayo... Ukuzama ukubeka imingcele emincane lapho ubhekene nokusabalala okukhulu kufana nokugxila ezinhlansini lapho indlu isha. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, isu lidinga ukushintshela ekunciphiseni izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukusabalala nokunciphisa umthelela empilweni yomphakathi. " Uma singanciphisa ukubhebhetheka kangangokuba izibhedlela zethu zikwazi ukubhekana nalolu bunzima, abantu bazokwazi ukuthola ukwelashwa. Kodwa uma bebaningi kakhulu abantu abagulayo, abaningi balabo abadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngeke bakuthole.
Nakhu ukuthi ibukeka kanjani ngokwezibalo U-Liz Specht:
E-US kunemibhede yesibhedlela engu-1000 kubantu abayi-2.8. Njengoba sinabantu abayizigidi ezingama-330, sithola izihlalo ezingaba yisigidi. Imvamisa u-65% walezi zindawo uhlala kuwo. Lokhu kusishiya nemibhede yezibhedlela yamahhala engu-330 10 ezweni lonke (mhlawumbe kancane kancane ngalesi sikhathi, kucatshangelwa izifo zesizini). Ake sithathe izibalo zase-Italy njengesisekelo futhi sicabange ukuthi amacala ayi-8% adinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela. (Khumbula ukuthi ezigulini eziningi, ukulaliswa esibhedlela kuthatha amasonto-ngamanye amazwi, inzuzo izohamba kancane kakhulu njengoba imibhede igcwala iziguli ze-coronavirus). Ngokwalesi silinganiso, ngoMeyi 6, yonke imibhede engenalutho ezibhedlela zaseMelika izobe isigcwalisiwe. (Yebo, lokhu akusho ukuthi imibhede yasesibhedlela ihlonyiswe kahle kangakanani ukuze ihlukanise iziguli ezinegciwane elitheleleka kakhulu.) Uma besinephutha ngenani lezimo ezibucayi, lokhu kushintsha kuphela isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze imibhede yasesibhedlela igcwale, ngokuthi Izinsuku eziyisi-20 ohlangothini ngalunye. Uma u-2% wamacala edinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela, isikhala sizophela ~ May 5. Uma kuphela 14% - ~ May 2.5. U-20% usiletha kuMeyi XNUMX. Lokhu, vele, kucabanga ukuthi asikho isidingo esiphuthumayo semibhede yasesibhedlela (hhayi eye-coronavirus), okungabazekayo. Uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lugcwele ngokweqile, ukushoda kwencwadi kadokotela, njll., abantu abanezifo ezingelapheki, abavame ukuzimela futhi bazihlelele, bangagula kakhulu, badinge ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okujulile nokulaliswa esibhedlela.
Umehluko usekuphenduleni komphakathi
Njengoba sesixoxile, lesi sibalo asinembile—i-China isivele ikhombisile ukuthi kungenzeka ukunciphisa ukusabalala ngezinyathelo eziphuthumayo. Esinye isibonelo esihle sempendulo ephumelelayo yiVietnam, lapho, phakathi kwezinye izinto, isikhangiso sikazwelonke (ngengoma ebambekayo!) Ngokushesha sahlanganisa umphakathi futhi saqinisekisa abantu ukuba bashintshe ukuziphatha kwabo kokuthile okwamukelekayo kulesi simo.
Lesi akusona nje isimo sokucatshangelwa, njengoba kwabonakala ngokusobala phakathi noMkhuhlane WaseSpain ngo-1918. E-US, amadolobha amabili abonise izimpendulo ezihluke kakhulu kulo bhubhane: I-Philadelphia ibambe umbukiso ohleliwe wabantu abangu-200.000 ukuze kuqoqwe imali yempi; Yonke imicimbi yomphakathi ikhanseliwe. Futhi yile ndlela izibalo zokufa ezazibukeka ngayo edolobheni ngalinye, njengoba kukhonjisiwe :
Ukusabela okuhlukile ku-Spanish Flu ka-1918
Isimo e-Philadelphia ngokushesha saphuma ekulawuleni kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lapho lokungcwatshwa kwabafileyo abangaka.
Richard Besser, owayengumqondisi weCenters for Disease Prevention and Control ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-H1N1 lwango-2009, ukuthi e-United States, “ingozi yakho yokuba sengozini nekhono lokuzivikela wena nomkhaya wakho kuxhomeke emalini engenayo, ekutholeni usizo lwezempilo, esimweni sokuthuthela kwelinye izwe, nakwezinye izici.” Ibonisa ukuthi:
Abantu asebekhulile nabakhubazekile basengozini enkulu lapho isigqi sabo sansuku zonke nezinhlelo zokusekela zingasebenzi kahle. Labo abangalutholi usizo lwezempilo, okuhlanganisa izigodi nemiphakathi yendawo, nabo bazothikamezeka ngenxa yenkinga yebanga lokuya ezikhungweni eziseduze. Abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezivaliwe - ezindlini zomphakathi, amajele, izindawo zokukhosela, noma abangenamakhaya - bangatheleleka ngamagagasi, njengoba sesibonile esifundazweni saseWashington. Futhi ubungozi babasebenzi abahola kancane nabasebenzi abangenazo izimo ezingokomthetho namashejuli angazinzile kuzodalulwa phakathi nale nkinga. Buza amaphesenti angu-60 abasebenzi base-US abasebenza ngehora ukuthi kulula kangakanani kubo ukuthatha iholide noma ikhefu.
I-American Bureau of Job Statistics ikhombisa lokho abantu abahola kancane bakhokhe ikhefu lokugula.
Iningi labantu baseMelika abahola kancane abaliholi ikhefu lokugula, ngakho-ke kufanele baye emsebenzini.
Asinalo ulwazi oluthembekile nge-Covid-19 e-US
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu e-US ukuntuleka kokuhlolwa; futhi imiphumela yokuhlolwa okwenziwayo ayishicilelwanga ngendlela efanele, okusho ukuthi asazi ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela. UScott Gottlieb, inhloko yangaphambilini yeFood and Drug Administration, uchaze ukuthi ukuhlolwa bekungcono eSeattle, ngakho-ke sinolwazi mayelana nokutheleleka kuleyo ndawo: "Isizathu sokuthi sazi ngakho ekuqaleni kwe-covid-19 ukutheleleka eSeattle - ukunakwa okuseduze kwe abacwaningi abazimele. Akukaze kube khona ukugadwa okuphelele kangaka kwamanye amadolobha. Ngakho-ke ezinye izindawo ezishisayo e-US kungenzeka zingatholakali ngalesi sikhathi. ” Ngokuvumelana ne , IPhini likaMongameli uMike Pence uthembise ukuthi kuzotholakala izivivinyo ezingaba yizigidi eziyi-1.5 kuleli sonto, kodwa kulo lonke elase-US, bangu-2000 abantu asebehloliwe kuze kube manje. Ngokusekelwe emsebenzini ovela URobinson Meyer no-Alexis Madrigal be-Atlantic bathi:
Imininingwane esiyiqoqile iphakamisa ukuthi ukusabela kweMelika ku-covid-19 kanye nokutheleleka okubangelwayo kuhamba kancane ngendlela emangalisayo, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe asethuthukile. ICenters for Disease Control and Prevention ikuqinisekisile ezinsukwini eziyi-8 ezedlule ukuthi leli gciwane lalisakazeka emphakathini waseMelika - ukuthi lalithelela abantu baseMelika ababengazange baye phesheya noma bahlangane nanoma ubani owayenalo. ENingizimu Korea, bangaphezu kuka-66.650 abantu abahlolwe ngesonto lokuqala ngemuva kokutheleleka okokuqala kwasekhaya - futhi ngokushesha bafunda ukuhlola abantu abayi-10.000 ngosuku.
Ingxenye yenkinga ukuthi isifinyelele ezingeni lezombusazwe. Ikakhulukazi, uDonald Trump ukubeke kwacaca ukuthi ufuna ukugcina “izinombolo” (okungukuthi, inani labantu abangenwe yileli gciwane e-US) liphansi. (Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko, funda isihloko esithi I-Data Science Ethics ""). Inhloko ye-Artificial Intelligence kwa-Google, , wabhala mayelana nenkinga ye-disinformation yezepolitiki:
Ngesikhathi ngisebenza kwa-WHO, ngangiyingxenye yohlelo lwe-AIDS lwamazwe ngamazwe - manje oselusungulwe ukulwa nobhubhane lwe-AIDS. Abasebenzi, odokotela nososayensi, babegxile ngokuphelele ekuxazululeni le nkinga. Ngesikhathi senhlekelele, ulwazi olucacile nolunembile luyadingeka ukuze kusizwe wonke umuntu enze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nendlela yokwenza izinto (izwe, isifunda, uhulumeni wasekhaya, izinkampani, izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo, izikole, imindeni nabantu ngabanye). Ngolwazi olufanele nezinyathelo zokulalela ochwepheshe nososayensi abangcono kakhulu, singanqoba izinselele ezifana ne-HIV/AIDS noma i-COVID-19. Ngolwazi lwe-disinformation oluqhutshwa izithakazelo zezepolitiki, kunosongo lwangempela lokwenza izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu ngokungaphenduli ngokushesha nangesinqumo ngesikhathi sobhubhane olukhulayo kanye nokuziphatha okukhuthazayo okwenza lesi sifo sande ngokushesha. Kubuhlungu ngendlela engabekezeleleki ukubuka lesi simo senzeke.
Akubonakali sengathi osopolitiki bazimisele ngokushintsha izinto uma kukhulunywa ngokusobala. Unobhala Wezempilo u-Alex Azar “Siqale ukukhuluma ngokuhlolwa okwenziwa ngabasebenzi bezokwelapha ukuze baqonde ukuthi isiguli singenwe yini i-coronavirus entsha. Ukushoda kwalezi zivivinyo kusho igebe eliyingozi olwazini lwezifo eziwumshayabhuqe mayelana nokusabalala kanye nodlame lwalesi sifo e-United States, olwengeziwe ngenxa yokungabi bikho obala kukahulumeni. U-Azar ubezama ukusho ukuthi izivivinyo ezintsha bese ziyaliwe nokuthi ukuphela kwento eshodayo wukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ukuze ukuzithole. ” Kodwa, bayaqhubeka:
UTrump wabe esephazamisa u-Azar kungazelelwe. “Kodwa ngicabanga, futhi lokhu kubalulekile, ukuthi noma yimuphi umuntu obedinga ukuhlolwa namuhla noma izolo ukutholile lokho kuhlolwa. Bakhona, banemihlola futhi imihlola mikhulu. Noma ngubani odinga ukuhlolwa uyahlolwa,” kusho uTrump. Akulona iqiniso. IPhini likaMongameli uMike Pence utshele izintatheli ukuthi isidingo sokuhlolwa endaweni yase-US.
Amanye amazwe asabela ngokushesha okukhulu futhi kakhulu kune-United States. Amazwe amaningi aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia enza kahle, okuhlanganisa iTaiwan, lapho i-R0 ifinyelele ku-0.3, neSingapore, okuhlongozwa ukuba ibalwe. . Kodwa akusiyo i-Asia kuphela manje; eFrance, ngokwesibonelo, noma yikuphi ukuhlangana kwabantu abangaphezu kwenkulungwane akuvunyelwe, futhi izikole zivaliwe ezindaweni ezintathu.
isiphetho
I-Covid-19 iyinkinga yomphakathi ebalulekile, futhi singakwazi-futhi kufanele-sisebenze ukwehlisa ukusabalala kwalesi sifo. Kusho ujuthi:
- Gwema izixuku ezinkulu zabantu
- Khansela imicimbi
- Sebenza ekhaya uma kungenzeka
- Geza izandla lapho ungena futhi uphuma endlini—futhi ngokuvamile lapho ungaphandle kwekhaya.
- Gwema ukuthinta ubuso bakho, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kwekhaya
Qaphela: Ngenxa yokuthi bekubalulekile ukushicilela lesi sihloko ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, asizange siqaphele ekuhlanganiseni uhlu lwezicashuniwe nemisebenzi esisekelwe kuyo.
Sicela usazise uma kukhona esikuphuthele.
Sibonga uSylvain Gugger no-Alexis Gallagher ngempendulo namazwana.
Source: www.habr.com