I-JEDEC Association ayikashicileli ngokusemthethweni ukucaciswa kwesizukulwane esilandelayo se-DDR5 RAM (inkumbulo yokufinyelela engahleliwe eguqukayo, i-DRAM). Kodwa ukuntuleka kwedokhumenti esemthethweni akubavimbeli abakhiqizi be-DRAM nabathuthukisi bezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ku-chip (isistimu-on-chip, i-SoC) ekulungiseleleni ukwethulwa kwayo. Ngesonto eledlule, uCadence, umthuthukisi wehadiwe nesoftware yokwakha ama-chips, wabelane ngolwazi lwayo mayelana nokungena kwe-DDR5 emakethe kanye nokuthuthuka kwayo.
Amapulatifomu e-DDR5: angaphezu kwe-12 asathuthuka
Ukuduma kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenkumbulo kunqunywa ukuthandwa kwamapulatifomu ayisekelayo, futhi i-DDR5 nayo ihlukile. Endabeni ye-DDR5, sazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi izosekelwa yi-AMD EPYC processors yesizukulwane seGenoa, kanye ne-Intel Xeon Scalable processors yesizukulwane seSapphire Rapids lapho ekhishwa ngasekupheleni kuka-2021 noma ekuqaleni kuka-2022. I-Cadence, esevele inikezela ngesilawuli se-DDR5 kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo se-DDR5 (PHY) kubaklami be-chip ukuze bathole amalayisense, ithi inama-SoCs angaphezu kweshumi nambili ekuthuthukisweni okusekela inkumbulo yesizukulwane esilandelayo. Ezinye zalezi zinhlelo-on-chip zizovela ngaphambili, ezinye kamuva, kodwa kulesi sigaba kusobala ukuthi intshisekelo kubuchwepheshe obusha inkulu kakhulu.
I-Cadence iyaqiniseka ukuthi isilawuli senkampani i-DDR5 kanye ne-DDR5 PHY zihambisana ngokugcwele nenguqulo ye-JEDEC ye-1.0 yencazelo, ngakho-ke ama-SoCs asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Cadence azohambisana namamojula wememori we-DDR5 azovela kamuva.
“Ukuzimbandakanya eduze namaqembu asebenzayo eJEDEC kuyinzuzo. Sithola umbono wokuthi izinga lizovela kanjani. Singabalawuli nabahlinzeki be-PHY futhi singalindela noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingaba khona emgwaqeni oya ekumisweni ekugcineni. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokumiswa, sakwazi ukuthatha izinto ezijwayelekile ezisathuthukiswa futhi sisebenzisane nozakwethu ukuze sithole isilawuli esisebenzayo kanye nesibonelo se-PHY. Njengoba sisondela ekushicilelweni kwaleli zinga, sinobufakazi obandayo bokuthi iphakethe lethu lempahla yengqondo (IP) lizosekela amadivaysi e-DDR5 ahambisanayo,” kusho uMarc Greenberg, umqondisi wezokumaketha we-DRAM IP eCadence.
I-Antre: 16-Gbit DDR5-4800 chips
Ukushintshela ku-DDR5 kubangela inselele enkulu kubakhiqizi benkumbulo, njengoba uhlobo olusha lwe-DRAM kufanele ngesikhathi esisodwa lunikeze umthamo okhuphukile we-chip, amazinga aphezulu okudlulisa idatha, ukusebenza okusebenzayo okwandayo (imvamisa yewashi ngalinye kanye nesiteshi ngasinye) futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-DDR5 kulindeleke ukuthi yenze kube lula ukuhlanganisa amadivaysi amaningi e-DRAM abe yiphakheji elilodwa, okuvumela amandla emojula yememori ephakeme kakhulu kunaleyo imboni eyisebenzisayo namuhla.
IMicron kanye ne-SK Hynix sebevele bamemezele ukuqala kokulethwa kwamamojula wememori ye-prototype asekelwe kuma-chips angu-16-Gbit DDR5 kubalingani babo. AbakwaSamsung, umkhiqizi omkhulu we-DRAM emhlabeni, akuqinisekisile ngokusemthethweni ukuqala kwe-prototypes, kodwa kusukela ezimemezelweni zabo engqungqutheleni ye-ISSCC 2019, siyazi ukuthi inkampani isebenza ngama-chips angu-16-Gbit kanye namamojula ohlobo lwe-DDR5 (noma kunjalo, lokhu kuyakwenza. akusho ukuthi ama-chips angu-8-Gbit Ngeke kube khona i-DDR5). Kunoma yikuphi, kubonakala sengathi inkumbulo ye-DDR5 izotholakala kubo bonke abakhiqizi abathathu abakhulu be-DRAM lapho amapulatifomu abo eqala ukubonakala emakethe.
I-Cadence iyaqiniseka ukuthi ama-chips okuqala e-DDR5 azoba nomthamo we-16 Gbit kanye nezinga lokudlulisa idatha lama-4800 Mega Transfers ngomzuzwana (MT/s). Lokhu kuqinisekiswe ngokungaqondile ukuboniswa kwemojula ye-SK Hynix DDR5-4800 ku-CES 2020, kuhambisana nesimemezelo sokuqala kwesampula (inqubo yokuthumela ama-prototypes womkhiqizo kozakwethu). Kusukela ku-DDR5-4800, isizukulwane esisha senkumbulo sizokhula ngezindlela ezimbili: umthamo nokusebenza.
Ama-vector ajwayelekile okuthuthukiswa kwe-DDR5, ngokusho okulindelwe yiCadence:
- Umthamo we-chip eyodwa uzoqala ku-16 Gbit, bese ukhuphukela ku-24 Gbit (lindela amamojula enkumbulo angu-24 GB noma 48 GB), bese kuba ku-32 Gbit.
Mayelana nokusebenza, i-Cadence ilindele ukuthi isivinini sokudlulisa idatha se-DDR5 sikhuphuke sisuka ku-4800 MT/s siye ku-5200 MT/s ezinyangeni eziyi-12-18 ngemuva kokwethulwa kwe-DDR4-4800, bese siye ku-5600 MT/s kwezinye izinyanga eziyi-12-18 , ngakho ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kwe-DDR5 kumaseva kuzokwenzeka ngesivinini esivamile.
Kuma-PC weklayenti, okuningi kuzoncika kubalawuli bememori kuma-microprocessors kanye nabathengisi bemojula yememori, kodwa ama-DIMM ashisekayo azoba nokusebenza okungcono kakhulu kunalawo asetshenziswa kumaseva.
Emakethe yeseva, enama-chips angu-16Gb, ukulungiselelwa kwangaphakathi kwe-DDR5, izakhiwo ezintsha zeseva, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-RDIMM esikhundleni sama-LRDIMM, amasokhethi amasistimu awodwa anamamojula angu-5GB DDR256 azobona ukwanda kokusebenza okuphawulekayo kuwo womabili amandla okuphuma, futhi mayelana nokubambezeleka kokufinyelela kwedatha. (uma kuqhathaniswa nama-LRDIMM anamuhla).
I-Cadence ithi ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-DDR5 kuzoyivumela ukuthi ikhulise umkhawulokudonsa wangempela wememori ngo-36% uma iqhathaniswa ne-DDR4, ngisho namazinga okudlulisa idatha angu-3200 MT/s. Kodwa-ke, lapho i-DDR5 isebenza ngesivinini sokuklama esingaba ngu-4800 MT/s, umphumela wangempela uzoba phezulu ngo-87% kune-DDR4-3200 noma yikuphi. Kodwa-ke, esinye sezici ezibalulekile ze-DDR5 futhi kuzoba yikhono lokukhulisa ukuminyana kwe-monolithic memory chip ngaphezu kwe-16 Gbit.
DDR5 kakade kulo nyaka?
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, i-AMD Genoa ne-Intel Sapphire Rapids akufanele zivele kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-2021, futhi kungenzeka ekuqaleni kuka-2022. Kodwa-ke, uMnu. Greenberg waseCadence uyazethemba ngesimo esinethemba lokuthuthukiswa kwemicimbi.
Abakhiqizi benkumbulo bamagange ukuqala ukuhlinzeka ngobuningi bezinhlobo ezintsha ze-DRAM ngaphambi kokuthi kutholakale amapulatifomu. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuthunyelwa konyaka ngaphambi kwe-AMD Genoa ne-Intel Sapphire Rapids zifika emakethe kubonakala kungakafiki isikhathi. Kodwa ukubukeka kwezinhlobo zesivivinyo ze-DDR5 kunezincazelo ezimbalwa ezinengqondo: Ama-AMD kanye nama-Intel processors asekela i-DDR5 asondelene kunezinkampani eziphrosesa ezisitshela zona, noma kukhona amanye ama-SoC anokusekelwa kwe-DDR5 angena emakethe.
Kunoma ikuphi, uma ukucaciswa kwe-DDR5 kusesigabeni sokugcina sokusalungiswa, abakhiqizi abakhulu be-DRAM bangase baqale ukukhiqiza ngobuningi ngisho nangaphandle kwezinga elishicilelwe. Ngokombono, abathuthukisi be-SoC bangaqala futhi ukuthumela imiklamo yabo ekukhiqizeni kulesi sigaba. Ngaleso sikhathi, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi i-DDR5 izothatha noma yisiphi isabelo semakethe esibalulekile ngo-2020 - 2021. ngaphandle kokusekelwa ngabahlinzeki abakhulu beprosesa.
Source: 3dnews.ru