Okwamaphrosesa ezinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo ze-Armv8-A (Cortex-A). ukuba sengozini kwayo okuyingqayizivele ekuhlaselweni kwesiteshi eseceleni kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms ekhompuyutha aqagelayo. I-ARM ngokwayo ibike lokhu futhi yahlinzeka ngeziqephu neziqondiso ukuze kuncishiswe ukuba sengozini okutholiwe. Ingozi ayinkulu kangako, kodwa ayikwazi ukunganakwa, ngoba amaphrosesa asekelwe ekwakhiweni kwe-ARM akhona yonke indawo, okwenza ubungozi bokuvuza bungabonakali ngokwemiphumela.
Ukuba sengozini okutholwe ochwepheshe be-Google kuzakhiwo ze-ARM kwaqanjwa ngekhodi ethi Straight-Line Speculation (SLS) futhi kwaqokwa ngokusemthethweni i-CVE-2020-13844. Ngokusho kwe-ARM, ukuba sengozini kwe-SLS kuwuhlobo lokuba sengozini kwe-Specter, okuthi (kanye nokuba sengozini kwe-Meltdown) kwaziwa kabanzi ngoJanuwari 2018. Ngamanye amazwi, lokhu ubungozi bakudala ezindleleni zokuqagela zekhompuyutha ezinokuhlaselwa kwesiteshi eseceleni.
Ukwenza ikhompuyutha okuqagelayo kudinga ukucubungula idatha kusenesikhathi eduze kwamagatsha amaningana okungenzeka, nakuba kamuva kungase kulahlwe njengokungadingeki. Ukuhlasela kwesiteshi esiseceleni kuvumela idatha enjalo emaphakathi ukuthi yebiwe ngaphambi kokuthi ichithwe ngokuphelele. Njengomphumela, sinamaphrosesa anamandla kanye nengozi yokuvuza kwedatha.
Ukuhlasela kwe-Straight-Line Speculation kumaphrosesa asekelwe ku-ARM kubangela ukuthi iphrosesa, noma nini lapho kuba khona ushintsho emfudlaneni weziyalezo, ukuthi ishintshele ekwenzeni iziqondiso ezitholakala ngokuqondile kumemori, esikhundleni sokulandela imiyalo ekusakazeni okusha kweziyalezo. Ngokusobala, lesi akusona isimo esingcono kakhulu sokukhetha imiyalelo ongayisebenzisa, engasetshenziswa umhlaseli.
Ngokwekhredithi yayo, i-ARM ayigcinanga ngokukhipha isiqondiso sonjiniyela ukusiza ukugwema ingozi yokuvuza ngokuhlaselwa kwe-Straight-Line Speculation, kodwa futhi inikeze neziqephu zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu ezifana ne-FreeBSD, i-OpenBSD, i-Trusted Firmware-A ne-OP-TEE, futhi kukhishwe iziqephu zabahlanganisi be-GCC kanye ne-LLVM.
Le nkampani iphinde yathi ukusetshenziswa kweziqephu ngeke kuphazamise ukusebenza kwezinkundla ze-ARM, njengoba kwenzeka ezinkundleni ze-Intel ezihambisana ne-x86 ngokuvinjwa kobungozi be-Specter kanye ne-Meltdown. Kodwa-ke, sizokwazi ukufunda ngalokhu emithonjeni yezinkampani zangaphandle, okuzonikeza isithombe esiqondile sobungozi obusha.
Source: 3dnews.ru