Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngezibali zokusebenza zememori yokufinyelela okungahleliwe (RAM) ku-vSphere.
Kubonakala sengathi ngenkumbulo yonke into icace kakhulu kuneprosesa: uma izinkinga zokusebenza zivela ku-VM, kunzima ukungaziboni. Kodwa uma zivela, kuba nzima kakhulu ukubhekana nazo. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.
A little ofory
I-RAM yemishini ebonakalayo ithathwa kumemori yeseva lapho ama-VM asebenza khona. Lokhu kusobala :). Uma i-RAM yeseva inganele kuwo wonke umuntu, i-ESXi iqala ukusebenzisa amasu okubuyisela inkumbulo. Uma kungenjalo, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-VM zizophahlazeka ngamaphutha okufinyelela ku-RAM.
I-ESXi inquma ukuthi yimaphi amasu okufanele asetshenziswe kuye ngomthwalo we-RAM:
Isimo senkumbulo
Umngcele
Действия
High
400% wamaminithiAmahhala
Ngemva kokufinyelela umkhawulo ophezulu, amakhasi enkumbulo amakhulu ahlukaniswa abe amancane (i-TPS isebenza ngemodi evamile).
Sula
100% wamaminithiAmahhala
Amakhasi amakhulu enkumbulo ahlukaniswa abe amancane, i-TPS iyaphoqelelwa.
Soft
64% wamaminithiAmahhala
I-TPS + Ibhaluni
Hard
32% wamaminithiAmahhala
TPS + Compress + Shintsha
ongaphakeme
16% wamaminithiAmahhala
Cindezela + Shintsha + Vimba
I-minFree iyi-RAM edingekayo ukuze i-hypervisor isebenze.
Kufika ku-ESXi 4.1 ihlanganisiwe, i-minFree ilungiswe ngokuzenzakalelayo - u-6% we-RAM yeseva (iphesenti lingashintshwa ngenketho ye-Mem.MinFreePct ku-ESXi). Ezinguqulweni zakamuva, ngenxa yokukhula kwememori kumaseva, i-minFree yaqala ukubalwa ngokusekelwe enanini lenkumbulo yomsingathi, futhi hhayi njengenani lephesenti elingashintshi.
Inani le-minFree (okuzenzakalelayo) libalwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
Iphesenti lememori libekelwe i-minFree
Ibanga lenkumbulo
6%
0-4 GB
4%
4-12 GB
2%
12-28 GB
1%
Inkumbulo esele
Isibonelo, kuseva eno-128 GB we-RAM, inani le-MinFree lizoba ngale ndlela elandelayo:
I-MinFree = 245,76 + 327,68 + 327,68 + 1024 = 1925,12 MB = 1,88 GB
Inani langempela lingahluka ngamakhulu ambalwa MB, kuye ngeseva ne-RAM.
Iphesenti lememori libekelwe i-minFree
Ibanga lenkumbulo
Ivelu engu-128 GB
6%
0-4 GB
245,76 MB
4%
4-12 GB
327,68 MB
2%
12-28 GB
327,68 MB
1%
Inkumbulo esele (100 GB)
1024 MB
Imvamisa, ezindaweni ezikhiqizayo, iSimo Esiphezulu kuphela esingabhekwa njengesijwayelekile. Kumabhentshi okuhlola nokuthuthukiswa, izifunda ezicacile/ezithambile zingase zamukeleke. Uma i-RAM kumsingathi ingaphansi kuka-64% MinFree, khona-ke ama-VM asebenza kuyo nakanjani ahlangabezana nezinkinga zokusebenza.
Esimweni ngasinye, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezithile zokubuyisela inkumbulo, kusukela ku-TPS, cishe engenawo umthelela ekusebenzeni kwe-VM, ukuya ku-Swapping. Ngizokutshela kabanzi ngabo.
Ukwabelana Kwekhasi Okusobala (TPS). I-TPS, uma sikhuluma nje, iwukuphindaphinda kwamakhasi e-RAM emishini ebonakalayo kuseva.
I-ESXi icinga amakhasi we-RAM yomshini ofanayo ofanayo ngokubala nokuqhathanisa isamba se-hashi samakhasi, futhi ikhipha amakhasi ayimpinda, iwashintshe ifake izinkomba zekhasi elifanayo kumemori yeseva yesiphakeli. Njengomphumela, ukusetshenziswa kwenkumbulo ngokomzimba kuyehliswa futhi okunye ukubhaliswa ngokweqile kwememori kungafinyelelwa ngaphandle komthelela wokusebenza.
Lo mshini usebenza kuphela kumakhasi enkumbulo angu-4 KB ngosayizi (amakhasi amancane). I-hypervisor ayizami ngisho nokukhipha amakhasi angu-2 MB ngosayizi (amakhasi amakhulu): ithuba lokuthola amakhasi afanayo alo sayizi alilikhulu.
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-ESXi yabela inkumbulo emakhasini amakhulu. Ukuhlukanisa amakhasi amakhulu abe amakhasi amancane kuqala lapho i-High state threshold ifinyelelwa futhi kuyaphoqelelwa lapho Isimo Esicacile sifinyelelwa (bona ithebula lesimo se-hypervisor).
Uma ufuna i-TPS iqale ukusebenza ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi i-RAM yosokhaya igcwale, udinga ukusetha inani kokuthi Izinketho Ezithuthukisiwe ESXi “Mem.AllocGuestLargePage” ku-0 (okuzenzakalelayo 1). Bese ukunikezwa kwamakhasi enkumbulo amakhulu emishini ebonakalayo kuzokhutshazwa.
Kusukela ngoDisemba 2014, kukho konke ukukhishwa kwe-ESXi, i-TPS phakathi kwama-VM ikhutshazwa ngokuzenzakalela, njengoba kutholakale ubungozi obuvumela i-VM eyodwa ukuthi ifinyelele i-RAM yenye i-VM. Imininingwane lapha. Angikaze ngihlangabezane nolwazi olumayelana nokusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kokuxhaphaza ukuba sengozini kwe-TPS.
Inqubomgomo ye-TPS ilawulwa ngenketho ethuthukisiwe “Mem.ShareForceSalting” ku-ESXi:
0 - I-Inter-VM TPS. I-TPS isebenzela amakhasi ama-VM ahlukene;
1 – I-TPS yama-VM enenani elifanayo elithi “sched.mem.pshare.salt” ku-VMX;
2 (okuzenzakalelayo) – I-Intra-VM TPS. I-TPS isebenzela amakhasi angaphakathi kwe-VM.
Kunengqondo ngempela ukukhubaza amakhasi amakhulu futhi unike amandla i-Inter-VM TPS kumabhentshi okuhlola. Lokhu kungasetshenziselwa nezitendi ezinenani elikhulu lama-VM afanayo. Isibonelo, ezindlini ezine-VDI, ukonga kwinkumbulo yomzimba kungafinyelela amashumi wamaphesenti.
I-Memory Ballooning. Ukwenza ibhaluni akuseyona indlela engenabungozi futhi esobala yesistimu yokusebenza ye-VM njenge-TPS. Kodwa uma isetshenziswe kahle, ungaphila futhi usebenze ne-Ballooning.
Kanye namathuluzi e-Vmware, umshayeli okhethekile obizwa nge-Balloon Driver (aka vmmemctl) ufakwa ku-VM. Lapho i-hypervisor iqala ukuphelelwa inkumbulo yomzimba futhi ingena kusimo Esithambile, i-ESXi icela i-VM ukuthi ifune kabusha i-RAM engasetshenziswanga ngale Bhaluni Driver. Umshayeli, yena, usebenza ezingeni lesistimu yokusebenza futhi ucela inkumbulo yamahhala kuyo. I-hypervisor ibona ukuthi yimaphi amakhasi enkumbulo engokoqobo i-Balloon Driver ewasebenzisile, ithatha inkumbulo emshinini obonakalayo bese iyibuyisela kumsingathi. Azikho izinkinga ngokusebenza kwe-OS, ngoba ezingeni le-OS inkumbulo ithathwa yi-Balloon Driver. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, I-Balloon Driver ingathatha kufika ku-65% wememori ye-VM.
Uma Amathuluzi e-VMware engafakiwe ku-VM noma i-Ballooning ivaliwe (angiyincomi, kodwa kukhona :), i-hypervisor ngokushesha ishintshela kumasu aqinile okususa inkumbulo. Isiphetho: qiniseka ukuthi Amathuluzi e-VMware aku-VM.
Ukusebenza kwe-Balloon Driver kungabhekwa ku-OS nge-VMware Tools.
Ukucindezela Inkumbulo. Le nqubo isetshenziswa lapho ESXi ifinyelela isimo Hard. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, i-ESXi izama ukucindezela ikhasi le-4KB le-RAM libe ngu-2KB, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulule isikhala esithile kumemori yeseva yomzimba. Le nqubo inyusa kakhulu isikhathi sokufinyelela kokuqukethwe kwamakhasi e-VM RAM, njengoba ikhasi kufanele lincishiswe kuqala. Kwesinye isikhathi akuwona wonke amakhasi angacindezelwa futhi inqubo ngokwayo ithatha isikhathi. Ngakho-ke, le nqubo ayisebenzi kakhulu ekusebenzeni.
Ukushintsha inkumbulo. Ngemva kwesigaba esifushane Sokucindezelwa Kwenkumbulo, i-ESXi cishe nakanjani (uma ama-VM engazange athuthele kwabanye ababungazi noma engavaliwe) ishintshela ku-Swapping. Futhi uma kunenkumbulo encane kakhulu esele (Isimo esiphansi), i-hypervisor nayo iyayeka ukwaba amakhasi ememori ku-VM, engabangela izinkinga ku-OS yesivakashi ye-VM.
Le yindlela iSwapping esebenza ngayo. Uma uvula umshini we-virtual, ifayela elinesandiso se-.vswp liyadalelwa wona. Ilingana ngosayizi ne-RAM engagodliwe ye-VM: lona umehluko phakathi kwenkumbulo emisiwe negodliwe. Uma i-Swapping isebenza, i-ESXi ishintshanisa amakhasi enkumbulo yomshini obonakalayo kuleli fayela bese iqala ukusebenza ngalo esikhundleni sememori engokoqobo yeseva. Impela, inkumbulo enjalo ye-“RAM” ilandelana ngokunensa kobukhulu kunenkumbulo yangempela, ngisho noma i-.vswp ikusitoreji esisheshayo.
Ngokungafani ne-Ballooning, lapho amakhasi angasetshenzisiwe ethathwa ku-VM, ngamakhasi okushintshaniswa asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-OS noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaphakathi kwe-VM zingathuthelwa kudiski. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusebenza kwe-VM kuyehla kuze kube yiqhwa. I-VM isebenza ngokusemthethweni futhi okungenani ingakhutshazwa kahle ku-OS. Uma ubekezele 😉
Uma ama-VM eye ku-Swap, lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo okufanele sigwenywe uma kungenzeka.
Izibali eziyisisekelo zokusebenza kwenkumbulo yomshini obonakalayo
Ngakho safika entweni eyinhloko. Ukuqapha isimo sememori ye-VM, kukhona izinto zokubala ezilandelayo:
Active — ikhombisa inani le-RAM (KB) elifinyelelwe yi-VM esikhathini esidlule sokulinganisa.
Ukusetshenziswa - efanayo nethi Iyasebenza, kodwa njengephesenti le-RAM emisiwe ye-VM. Ibalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula elandelayo: usayizi wenkumbulo osebenzayo ÷ umshini obonakalayo.
Ukusetshenziswa Okuphezulu Nokusebenzayo, ngokulandelanayo, akuhlali kuyinkomba yezinkinga zokusebenza kwe-VM. Uma i-VM isebenzisa inkumbulo ngokunamandla (okungenani ukuyifinyelela), lokhu akusho ukuthi ayikho inkumbulo eyanele. Kunalokho, lesi yisizathu sokubheka okwenzekayo ku-OS.
Kune-alamu ejwayelekile Yokusetshenziswa Kwenkumbulo yama-VM:
Kwabiwe — inani le-VM RAM eliphindwe kabili kusetshenziswa i-TPS (ngaphakathi kwe-VM noma phakathi kwama-VM).
Kuyavunywa - inani lememori engokwenyama yokusingatha (KB) eyabelwa i-VM. Inika amandla Okwabiwe.
Kuthelwe (Kunikeziwe - Kwabiwe) - inani lememori ebonakalayo (KB) edliwa i-VM kumsingathi. Ayifaki okwabiwe.
Uma ingxenye yenkumbulo ye-VM inganikezwanga kumemori engokoqobo yosokhaya, kodwa efayeleni elishintshiwe, noma inkumbulo ithathwa ku-VM nge-Balloon Driver, leli nani alinakwa kokuthi Kunikezwe futhi Kusetshenzisiwe.
Amanani Avunyiwe Aphezulu Nasetshenzisiwe ajwayelekile ngokuphelele. Isistimu yokusebenza kancane kancane ithatha inkumbulo ku-hypervisor futhi ayibuyiseli. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ku-VM esebenzayo, amanani alezi zibali asondela kwinani lememori emisiwe, futhi ahlale lapho.
Zero - inani le-VM RAM (KB), eliqukethe ama-zero. Inkumbulo enjalo ibhekwa njengekhululekile yi-hypervisor futhi inganikezwa eminye imishini ebonakalayo. Ngemuva kokuthi i-OS yesivakashi ibhale okuthile kumemori engaguquki, ingena kokuthi Consumed futhi ayibuyeli emuva.
Okuphezulu Okugciniwe - inani le-VM RAM, (KB) eligcinwe yi-hypervisor ekusebenzeni kwe-VM. Leli inani elincane, kodwa kufanele litholakale kumsingathi, ngaphandle kwalokho i-VM ngeke iqale.
Ibhaluni — inani le-RAM (KB) elikhishiwe ku-VM kusetshenziswa i-Balloon Driver.
Kucindezelwe - inani le-RAM (KB) elicindezelwe.
Kushintshiwe — inani le-RAM (KB), okwathi, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwenkumbulo yomzimba kuseva, yathuthela kudiski.
Ibhaluni nezinye izibali zamasu okubuyisela inkumbulo zinguziro.
Yile ndlela igrafu ebukeka ngayo ngezibali zeMemori ze-VM evame ukusebenza eno-150 GB we-RAM.
Kugrafu engezansi, i-VM inezinkinga ezisobala. Ngezansi kwegrafu ungabona ukuthi kule VM kusetshenziswe zonke izindlela ezichaziwe zokusebenza nge-RAM. Ibhaluni lale VM likhulu kakhulu kune-Consumed. Eqinisweni, i-VM ifile kakhulu kunokuphila.
ESXTOP
Njenge-CPU, uma sifuna ukuhlola ngokushesha isimo kumsingathi, kanye nokuguquguquka kwayo ngesikhawu esingafika kumasekhondi angu-2, kufanele sisebenzise i-ESXTOP.
Isikrini seMemori ye-ESXTOP sibizwa ngokhiye othi “m” futhi sibukeka kanje (izinkambu B,D,H,J,K,L,O zikhethiwe):
Amapharamitha alandelayo azosithakasela:
I-Mem yenza ngokweqile isilinganiso - Isilinganiso senani lememori yokubhalisa ngokweqile kumsingathi imizuzu engu-1, 5 kanye ne-15. Uma ingaphezu kwe-zero, lokhu kuyisizathu sokubheka okwenzekayo, kodwa hhayi njalo inkomba yezinkinga.
Emigqeni PMEM/MB и VMKMEM/MB — ulwazi mayelana nememori ebonakalayo yeseva nememori etholakalayo ku-VMkernel. Phakathi kwezinto ezithakazelisayo lapha ungabona inani le-minfree (ku-MB), isimo sokusingatha ememori (kithi, phezulu).
Emugqeni NUM/MB ungabona ukusatshalaliswa kwe-RAM kuwo wonke amanodi e-NUMA (amasokhethi). Kulesi sibonelo, ukusatshalaliswa akulingani, okuyinto ngokuyisisekelo engeyinhle kakhulu.
Okulandelayo izibalo zeseva ezijwayelekile zamasu okubuyisela inkumbulo:
PSHARE/MB - lezi izibalo ze-TPS;
SHINTSHA/MB - Shintsha izibalo zokusetshenziswa;
ZIP/MB - Izibalo zokucindezelwa kwekhasi lememori;
MEMCTL/MB - Izibalo zokusetshenziswa kweBalloon Driver.
Kuma-VM angawodwana, singase sibe nentshisekelo olwazini olulandelayo. Ngifihle amagama ama-VM ukuze ngingadideli izethameli :). Uma i-metric ye-ESXTOP ifana nekhawunta ku-vSphere, ngizohlinzeka ngekhawunta ehambisanayo.
MEMSZ — inani lememori elilungiselelwe ku-VM (MB).
MEMSZ = GRANT + MCTLSZ + SWCUR + engakathintwa.
ISibonelelo - Kunikezwe ku-MB.
I-TCHD - Isebenza ku-MB.
I-MCTL? — noma ngabe i-Balloon Driver ifakiwe ku-VM.
I-MCTLSZ - Ibhaluni kuya ku-MB.
I-MCTLGT — inani le-RAM (MBytes) i-ESXi efuna ukulikhipha ku-VM ngokusebenzisa I-Balloon Driver (Memctl Target).
I-MCTLMAX — inani eliphakeme le-RAM (MBytes) i-ESXi engalikhipha ku-VM ngokusebenzisa I-Balloon Driver.
I-SWCUR — inani lamanje le-RAM (MBytes) elinikezwe i-VM lisuka efayeleni lokushintshaniswa.
S.W.G.T. — inani le-RAM (MBytes) i-ESXi efuna ukulinika i-VM lisuka kufayela lokushintshisana (Shintsha Ithagethi).
Ungakwazi futhi ukubuka ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana ne-NUMA topology ye-VM ngokusebenzisa i-ESXTOP. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha izinkambu D, G:
OKUNCANE – NUMA izindawo lapho i-VM itholakala khona. Lapha ungabona ngokushesha i-vm ebanzi, engangeni endaweni eyodwa ye-NUMA.
I-NRMEM - mangaki amamegabhayithi enkumbulo i-VM ewathatha endaweni eyi-NUMA ekude.
I-NLMEM - mangaki amamegabhayithi enkumbulo i-VM ewathatha endaweni ye-NUMA yendawo.
N%L – iphesenti lenkumbulo ye-VM endaweni ye-NUMA yendawo (uma ingaphansi kuka-80%, kungase kuphakame izinkinga zokusebenza).
Inkumbulo ku-hypervisor
Uma izibali ze-CPU ze-hypervisor ngokuvamile azinantshisekelo ethile, lapho-ke ngenkumbulo isimo siphambene. Ukusetshenziswa Kwenkumbulo Ephakeme ku-VM akubonisi ngaso sonke isikhathi inkinga yokusebenza, kodwa Ukusetshenziswa Kwenkumbulo okuphezulu ku-hypervisor kubangela amasu okuphatha inkumbulo futhi kubangela izinkinga ngokusebenza kwe-VM. Udinga ukugada ama-alamu Okusetshenziswa Kwenkumbulo Yokusingatha futhi uvimbele ama-VM ukuthi angangeni Ekushintsheni.
Susa ukushintsha
Uma i-VM ibanjwa ku-Swap, ukusebenza kwayo kuncipha kakhulu. Ukulandelana kwe-Ballooning nokuminyanisa kunyamalala ngokushesha ngemva kokuvela kwe-RAM yamahhala kumsingathi, kodwa umshini obonakalayo awujahi ukubuya usuka ekushintsheni uye ku-RAM yeseva.
Ngaphambi kwe-ESXi 6.0, okuwukuphela kwendlela enokwethenjelwa nesheshayo yokususa i-VM ku-Swap kwakuwukuqalisa kabusha (ngokunembe kakhulu, ukuvala/ukufaka isiqukathi). Kusukela nge-ESXi 6.0, nakuba ingekho emthethweni ngokuphelele, indlela esebenzayo nethembekile yokususa i-VM ku-Swap isivele. Kwenye yezingqungquthela, ngakwazi ukukhuluma nomunye wonjiniyela be-VMware obhekele i-CPU Scheduler. Ukuqinisekisile ukuthi le ndlela iyasebenza futhi iphephile. Kokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu, azikho izinkinga nayo.
Imiyalo yangempela yokukhipha i-VM ku-Swap Duncan Epping. Ngeke ngiphinde incazelo enemininingwane, ngizovele nginikeze isibonelo sokusetshenziswa kwayo. Njengoba ubona kusithombe-skrini, isikhathi esithile ngemva kokwenza umyalo oshiwo, Ukushintshanisa ku-VM kuyanyamalala.
Amathiphu okuphatha i-RAM ku-ESXi
Ekugcineni, nanka amathiphu ambalwa azokusiza ugweme izinkinga ngokusebenza kwe-VM ngenxa ye-RAM:
- Gwema ukubhaliswa ngokweqile kwe-RAM kumaqoqo akhiqizayo. Kutuswa ukuthi njalo ube no-~20-30% wememori yamahhala kuqoqo ukuze i-DRS (kanye nomlawuli) ibe nendawo yokuqondisa futhi ama-VM angayi e-Swap ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Futhi, ungakhohlwa mayelana ne-margin yokubekezelela amaphutha. Akujabulisi lapho, lapho iseva eyodwa ihluleka futhi i-VM iqalwa kabusha kusetshenziswa i-HA, eminye yemishini iya ku-Swap.
- Ezingqalasizinda ezihlanganiswe kakhulu, zama UNGADLI ama-VM anenkumbulo enkulu kunengxenye yenkumbulo yomsingathi. Lokhu futhi kuzosiza i-DRS ukuthi isabalalise imishini ebonakalayo kuwo wonke amaseva eqoqo ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Lo mthetho, yiqiniso, awukho jikelele :).
- Qaphela I-alamu Yokusetshenziswa Kwenkumbulo Yokusingatha.
- Ungakhohlwa ukufaka Amathuluzi e-VMware ku-VM futhi ungavali i-Ballooning.
- Cabangela ukunika amandla i-Inter-VM TPS nokukhubaza Amakhasi Amakhulu ku-VDI nasezindaweni zokuhlola.
- Uma i-VM ihlangabezana nezinkinga zokusebenza, hlola ukuthi ingabe isebenzisa imemori esuka endaweni eyirimothi ye-NUMA.
- Susa ama-VM ku-Swap ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka! Phakathi kwezinye izinto, uma i-VM iku-Swap, uhlelo lokugcina luhlupheka ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala.
Konke lokho kimi mayelana ne-RAM. Ngezansi kunezihloko ezihlobene zalabo abafuna ukujula. Isihloko esilandelayo sizonikezelwa ku-storaj.
Izixhumanisi eziwusizo
Source: www.habr.com