Ngo-9:00 am: Uqhuba inkomfa ngevidiyo ehhovisi usebenzisa ikhompuyutha ephathekayo. 9:00 pm: Ubukele ukusakazwa bukhoma kumakhalekhukhwini wakho ekhaya. Ima kancane, ingabe wake wazibuza ukuthi yimaphi amadivaysi angenawaya asebenza kunethiwekhi yakho engenamthungo? Yebo, uzwile abantu abaseduze kwakho bekhuluma ngerutha ngezikhathi ezithile. Kuthiwani ngendawo yokufinyelela engenantambo (izindawo zokufinyelela)? Ingabe iyafana nerutha? Lutho neze! Ngezansi sizokusiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamadivaysi amabili ahlukene enethiwekhi engenantambo.
Iyini irutha engenantambo?
Irutha iyidivayisi yenethiwekhi engadlulisa idatha ngentambo noma ngaphandle kwentambo. Njengedivayisi ehlakaniphile, irutha ingakwazi ukuhambisa kahle ithrafikhi engenayo nephumayo kunethiwekhi. Ngokwesiko, umzila wawuxhunywe kwamanye amadivaysi enethiwekhi yendawo (LAN) ngezintambo ze-Ethernet ezinentambo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amarutha angenantambo anikeza ukufakwa okulula, okungenazintambo kancane kancane aphenduka intandokazi ezindlini eziningi nasemahhovisi amancane.
Irutha engenantambo isho idivayisi yenethiwekhi eyenza imisebenzi yomzila ngokuxhuma ngokungenantambo amadivayisi anikwe amandla i-WiFi (njengamakhompyutha aphathekayo, ama-smartphone, namathebulethi). Kumarutha ebhizinisi, asekela izinsizakalo ze-IPTV/Digital TV futhi angasetshenziselwa i-Voice over IP (VoIP). Ngaphezu kwalokho, baphinde babe ne-firewall kanye nokuvikelwa kwephasiwedi ukuze bavikele ezinsongweni ezingaba khona ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi yendawo.
Umfanekiso 1: Isimo sokuxhuma irutha engenantambo
Iyini indawo yokufinyelela okungenantambo?
Indawo yokufinyelela okungenantambo (ebuye ibizwe ngokuthi i-AP engenantambo noma i-WAP) idivayisi yehadiwe yenethiwekhi eyengeza amandla e-Wi-Fi kunethiwekhi enezintambo ekhona ngokuxhuma ithrafikhi esuka esiteshini esingenantambo iye ku-LAN enezintambo. Indawo yokufinyelela okungenantambo ingasebenza njengedivayisi ezimele noma ingxenye yomzila.
Ngokuvamile, i-AP engenantambo ivumela amadivayisi angenawo uxhumano lwe-Wi-Fi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ukuthi afinyelele inethiwekhi engenantambo ngentambo ye-Ethernet. Ngamanye amazwi, isignali esuka kumzila ukuya endaweni yokufinyelela iyaguqulwa isuka kwezintambo iye kwintambo engenantambo. Ukwengeza, uma izidingo zokufinyelela zikhula ngokuzayo, i-WAP ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukunweba ukumbozwa kwamanethiwekhi akhona.
Umfanekiso 2: Isimo Soxhumano Lwendawo Yokufinyelela Okungenantambo
Iphoyinti lokufinyelela okungenantambo vs umzila: uyini umehluko?
Kokubili izindawo zokufinyelela ezingenantambo namarutha angenantambo asekela uxhumo lwenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi futhi adlala indima efanayo. Ngakho kwaba nokudideka. Eqinisweni, lezi zisetshenziswa ezimbili zenethiwekhi zifana nabazala kunamawele. Umehluko phakathi kwabo uzochazwa ngezansi.
Umfanekiso 3: I-AP vs irutha
Umsebenzi
Ngokuvamile, amarutha amaningi angenantambo ahlanganisa imisebenzi yendawo yokufinyelela engenantambo, irutha ye-Ethernet, i-firewall eyisisekelo, kanye neswishi ye-Ethernet encane. Amaphoyinti okufinyelela okungenantambo
ngokuvamile zakhelwe ezingxenyeni zedivayisi njengamarutha noma izandiso ze-Wi-Fi. Ngamafuphi, amarutha angenantambo angasebenza njengezindawo zokufinyelela, kodwa akuzona zonke izindawo zokufinyelela ezingasebenza njengamarutha.
Akungabazeki ukuthi irutha engenantambo, esebenza njengehabhu le-Ethernet, isiza ukudala inethiwekhi yendawo ngokuxhuma nokuphatha wonke amadivayisi axhunywe kuyo. Kodwa-ke, indawo yokufinyelela iyinsiza yenethiwekhi yendawo futhi inikeza ukufinyelela kuphela kunethiwekhi esungulwe umzila. Ngakho-ke, uma ungumqondisi wenethiwekhi, ungasebenzisa i-router engenantambo ukuze ushintshe izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi, kodwa indawo yokufinyelela engenantambo ayinawo lo msebenzi.
Ukuxhumana
Imodi yomzila vs imodi ye-AP, indlela yokuxhuma ihlukile. Indawo yokufinyelela okungenantambo ayikwazi ukuxhuma kumodemu. Ngokuvamile iswishi noma irutha izosetshenziswa njengomxhumanisi. Irutha engenantambo inomsebenzi wokudayela nge-broadband futhi ingaxhunywa ngokuqondile kumodemu ukuze ufinyelele ku-inthanethi.
Ukupheka
Amarutha angenantambo ayimishini yokuxhumana ejwayelekile kakhulu namuhla. Kodwa uma i-router ingakwazi ukumboza isignali ye-Wi-Fi, izoba buthakathaka noma ngeke ibe khona isignali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindawo zokufinyelela okungenantambo zingangezwa ezindaweni ezinezimo zenethiwekhi ezimbi, kuqedwe izindawo ezifile nokwandisa inethiwekhi engenantambo.
Uhlelo lokusebenza
Ngokuvamile, amarutha angenantambo angasebenza ezindaweni zokuhlala, izindawo zokusebenza ze-SOHO, namahhovisi amancane noma izinhlangano futhi angahlangabezana kalula nezidingo zokufinyelela ezimisiwe nezimaphakathi. Ngokusobala, ama-routers anjalo awakwazi ukunwetshwa ukuze abonise isidingo esikhulayo samanethiwekhi azayo abikezelwayo. Ngokuqondene nezindawo zokufinyelela ezingenantambo, zisetshenziselwa kakhulu amabhizinisi amakhulu naphakathi nendawo nezinhlangano, okuhlanganisa izindawo eziningi zokufinyelela okungenantambo ukusekela abasebenzisi abaningi. Ngokungafani nesimo sangaphambilini, abalawuli benethiwekhi bangangeza ezinye izindawo zokufinyelela njengoba isidingo sikhuphuka ukuze sihlanganise indawo ebonakalayo ebanzi.
Isipiliyoni sibonise ukuthi imikhiqizo yokusebenza okuphezulu ingahlangabezana nezidingo eziningi. Kalula nje, umphumela wokugcina kufanele ucatshangelwe. Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa inethiwekhi engenantambo ekhaya kuphela ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zamalungu omndeni, khona-ke irutha engenantambo yanele. Nokho, uma ufuna ukwakha inethiwekhi engenantambo enokwethenjelwa ezuzisa inani elikhulu labasebenzisi, indawo yokufinyelela engenantambo ifaneleka kakhulu.
isiphetho
Amarutha angenantambo nezindawo zokufinyelela ezingenantambo - konke kuncike ezidingweni zakho. Ngokwakhiwa kwe-Wi-Fi yesikhathi esizayo, kunezici ezithile ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe: usayizi wesayithi wesayithi, ukumbozwa kwenethiwekhi, inombolo yamanje yabasebenzisi be-Wi-Fi, kanye nezidingo zokufinyelela okulindelekile. Njengenketho yokuqala yabasebenzisi abaningi, amarutha angenantambo abalulekile cishe kunoma yiliphi ikhaya nebhizinisi elincane. Ngokufika kwezindawo zokufinyelela okungenantambo, amabhizinisi amakhulu anamuhla abheke ukuwasebenzisa ukumboza izindawo ezinkulu noma ukusekela abasebenzisi abaningi kumanethiwekhi amakhulu wendawo.
Source: www.habr.com