Abacwaningi abavela kwaMicrosoft kanye naseNyuvesi yaseWashington baye babonisa uhlelo lokuqala oluzenzakalelayo, olufundekayo lokugcina idatha lwe-DNA edalwe ngokwenziwa. Lesi isinyathelo esibalulekile sokuhambisa ubuchwepheshe obusha busuka kumalebhu ocwaningo buyiswe ezikhungweni zedatha yezentengiso.
Abathuthukisi bafakazele lo mqondo ngovivinyo olulula: babhale ngempumelelo igama elithi "sawubona" laba yizingcezu ze-molecule ye-DNA yokwenziwa futhi balibuyisela kudatha yedijithali besebenzisa uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo lokuya ekupheleni, oluchazwe ku , eyanyatheliswa ngo-March 21 kwethi Nature Scientific Reports.
Amangqamuzana e-DNA angagcina ukwaziswa kwedijithali lapho kuminyene khona kakhulu, okungukuthi, endaweni ebonakalayo enezilinganiso eziningi zobukhulu ezincane kunalezo ezisetshenziswa izikhungo zedatha zesimanje. Kungesinye sezixazululo ezithembisayo zokugcina inani elikhulu ledatha elikhiqizwa umhlaba nsuku zonke, kusukela kumarekhodi ebhizinisi namavidiyo ezilwane ezinhle kuya ezithombeni zezokwelapha nezithombe ezivela emkhathini.
I-Microsoft ibheka izindlela zokuvala igebe elingaba khona phakathi futhi sifuna ukulondoloza, kanye nekhono lethu lokuzigcina. Lezi zindlela zifaka ukuthuthukiswa kwama-algorithms kanye nobuchwepheshe bekhompiyutha yamangqamuzana . Lokhu kuzovumela lonke ulwazi olugcinwe esikhungweni sedatha esikhulu sesimanje ukuthi lungene esikhaleni esilingana nosayizi wamadayisi amaningana.
"Inhloso yethu enkulu ukufaka ekukhiqizeni uhlelo, kumsebenzisi wokugcina, olubukeka lucishe lufane nanoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo lokugcina amafu: ulwazi luthunyelwa esikhungweni sedatha futhi lugcinwe lapho, bese luvele luvele lapho iklayenti liyidinga. ,” kusho umcwaningi we-Sr. Microsoft uKarin Strauss. "Ukwenza lokhu, besidinga ukufakazela ukuthi bekunengqondo ngokubuka okuzenzakalelayo."
Ukwaziswa kugcinwa kuma-molecule e-DNA okwenziwa akhiwe elabhorethri, kunokuba kuyi-DNA yabantu noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo, futhi ingabhalwa ngemfihlo ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe ohlelweni. Nakuba imishini eyinkimbinkimbi efana nama-synthesizer kanye nama-sequences isivele yenza izingxenye ezibalulekile zenqubo, izinyathelo eziningi eziphakathi nendawo kuze kube manje zidinga umsebenzi wezandla elabhorethri yocwaningo. "Ayifanele ukusetshenziswa kwezohwebo," kusho uChris Takahashi, umcwaningi ophezulu e-Paul Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering e-USF ().
"Awukwazi ukuba nabantu abagijima bezungeza isikhungo sedatha ngama-pipettes, kujwayele kakhulu iphutha lomuntu, kubiza kakhulu futhi kuthatha indawo enkulu kakhulu," kuchaza uTakahashi.
Ukuze le ndlela yokugcina ukwaziswa ibe nengqondo ngokwezentengiselwano, izindleko zako kokubili ukuhlanganiswa kwe-DNA—ukwakha izisekelo eziyisisekelo zokulandelana okunenjongo—kanye nenqubo yokulandelanisa edingekayo ukuze kufundwe ukwaziswa okugciniwe kufanele kuncishiswe. Abacwaningi bathi lokhu kuyisiqondiso .
I-Automation ingenye ingxenye ebalulekile yephazili, eyenza ukugcinwa kwedatha ngezinga lezentengiso futhi kungabizi kakhulu, ngokusho kwabacwaningi beMicrosoft.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, i-DNA ingahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu kunezinhlelo zesimanje zokugcina umlando, eziwohlokayo phakathi namashumi eminyaka. Enye i-DNA iye yakwazi ukuphila ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle amashumi ezinkulungwane zeminyaka—emazinyweni amakhulu nasemathanjeni abantu bokuqala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi idatha ingagcinwa ngale ndlela inqobo nje uma isintu sisekhona.
Uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo lokugcina i-DNA lisebenzisa isofthiwe eyakhiwe yi-Microsoft kanye neNyuvesi yaseWashington (UW). Iguqula lawo kanye noziro bedatha yedijithali ibe ukulandelana kwama-nucleotide (A, T, C kanye no-G), “okungamabhlogo okwakha” e-DNA. Lolu hlelo lube selusebenzisa imishini yaselabhorethri engabizi, ikakhulukazi engekho eshalofini ukuze inikeze uketshezi oludingekayo nama-reagents ku-synthesizer, eqoqa izingcezwana ze-DNA ezisunguliwe bese izifaka esitsheni sokugcina.
Lapho lesi simiso sidinga ukukhipha ukwaziswa, senezela amanye amakhemikhali ukuze silungise kahle i-DNA futhi sisebenzisa amaphampu amancane ukuze asunduze uketshezi ezingxenyeni zesimiso ezifunda ukulandelana kwamangqamuzana e-DNA futhi luwaguqule lube ukwaziswa okuqondwa yi-computer. Abacwaningi bathi inhloso yephrojekthi bekungekona ukufakazela ukuthi uhlelo lungasebenza ngokushesha noma ngeshibhile, kodwa ukukhombisa nje ukuthi i-automation ingenzeka.
Enye yezinzuzo ezisobala kakhulu zesimiso esizenzakalelayo sokugcina i-DNA ukuthi sikhulula ososayensi ukuba baxazulule izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi befuna amabhodlela ezinto ezivuselelayo noma isiphithiphithi sokufaka amaconsi oketshezi emashubhuni okuhlola.
"Ukuba nohlelo oluzenzakalelayo lokwenza umsebenzi ophindaphindayo kuvumela amalebhu ukuthi agxile ngqo ocwaningweni futhi athuthukise amasu amasha okusungula ngokushesha," kusho umcwaningi weMicrosoft u-Bihlin Nguyen.
Ithimba elivela kuLabhorethri Yezinhlelo Zolwazi Lwezinhlayiya (I-MISL) isivele ikhombisile ukuthi ingagcina izithombe zamakati, imisebenzi emangalisayo yezincwadi, namarekhodi e-DNA afakwe kungobo yomlando futhi akhiphe lawa mafayela ngaphandle kwamaphutha. Kuze kube manje, bakwazile ukugcina i-gigabyte engu-1 yedatha ku-DNA, beshaya .
Abacwaningi baye benza izindlela zokuthi njengokuthola nokubuyisa kuphela izithombe eziqukethe i-apula noma ibhayisikili eliluhlaza kusetshenziswa ama-molecule ngokwawo, ngaphandle kokuguqula amafayela abuyele kufomethi yedijithali.
"Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi sibona ukuzalwa kohlobo olusha lwesistimu yamakhompiyutha, lapho ama-molecule asetshenziselwa ukugcinwa kwedatha kanye ne-electronics ukulawula nokucubungula. Le nhlanganisela ivula amathuba athakazelisa kakhulu esikhathi esizayo,” kusho uprofesa wase-Allen School eNyuvesi yaseWashington. .
Ngokungafani nezinhlelo zekhompiyutha ezisekelwe ku-silicon, i-DNA-based storage and computing systems kumele isebenzise uketshezi ukuhambisa ama-molecule. Kodwa uketshezi luhlukile ngokwemvelo kuma-electron futhi ludinga izixazululo ezintsha ngokuphelele zobuchwepheshe.
Ithimba leNyuvesi yaseWashington, ngokubambisana ne-Microsoft, lithuthukisa nesistimu ehlelekayo eyenza ukuhlola kwaselabhorethri ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo zikagesi namanzi ukuhambisa amaconsi kugridi yama-electrode. Isethi ephelele yesofthiwe nehadiwe ebizwa ngokuthi , ingaxuba, ihlukanise, ishise noma ipholise uketshezi oluhlukahlukene futhi yenze izimiso zaselabhorethri.
Umgomo uwukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo izivivinyo zaselabhorethri okwenziwa manje mathupha noma amarobhothi abizayo aphatha uketshezi futhi kwehliswe izindleko.
Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zethimba le-MISL zifaka phakathi ukuhlanganisa uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo olulula, olusuka ekugcineni luye ekupheleni nobuchwepheshe obufana ne-Purple Drop, kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe obuvumela ukusesha kwama-molecule e-DNA. Abacwaningi benze ngamabomu isistimu yabo ezenzakalelayo ukuze iguquke njengoba kuvele ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuhlanganiswa kwe-DNA, ukulandelana kanye nokukhohlisa.
"Enye yezinzuzo zalesi simiso ukuthi uma sifuna ukushintsha enye yezingxenye ngento entsha, engcono noma esheshayo, singavele sixhume ingxenye entsha," kusho u-Nguyen. "Lokhu kusinika ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe kwekusasa."
Isithombe esiphezulu: Abacwaningi abavela ku-Microsoft kanye neYunivesithi yaseWashington baqopha futhi babala igama elithi "Sawubona", kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokuqala oluzenzakalelayo lokugcina idatha ye-DNA. Lesi yisinyathelo esibalulekile ekususeni ubuchwepheshe obusha kusuka ezindaweni zokucwaninga kuya ezikhungweni zedatha yezentengiso.
Source: www.habr.com