Kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi lo mdala weTestamente Elidala ovela endaweni ecebile yaseSan Francisco ungomunye wabasunguli be-RuNet.
UJoel Schatz ungusosayensi, umbono, umbono kanye nosomabhizinisi, ebusheni bakhe wayethanda izivivinyo ngokuqaphela; isipiliyoni se-psychedelic samsiza ukuba ezwe ukuxhumana kwazo zonke izici zobukhona.
UJoel Schatz: u-hippie kanye nosomabhizinisi we-IT.
“Ngazibuza ukuthi kungani umhlaba ubonakala unqanyuliwe ngaphandle kwezidakamizwa, ngabe sengibona ukuthi kwakuwumsebenzi wami ukwakha amathuluzi olwazi ukuze asisize sonke silethe lezi ziqephu ezihlukene zeqiniso ndawonye.”
Disclaimer. Lesi sihloko siwumbhalo wefilimu emangalisayo "Holivar" ka-Andrei Loshak. Kunabantu abagcina isikhathi futhi bathande umbhalo, kukhona labo abangakwazi ukubuka amavidiyo emsebenzini noma emgwaqeni, kodwa bafunde ngenjabulo uHabr, kunabantu abangezwa kahle, labo ithrekhi yomsindo engafinyeleleki noma okunzima ukuyiqonda. Sinqume ukuloba okuqukethwe okuhle kubo bonke kanye nawe. Kulabo abasancamela ividiyo, isixhumanisi sisekupheleni.
Ekuphakameni kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi, uSchatz waya e-USSR ukuyosungula ukuxhumana. UJoseph Goldin, isazi esingaqondakali saseSoviet, umbonisi kanye nosomabhizinisi, naye waba umngane wakhe nomuntu onomqondo ofanayo. U-Goldin wayebuye abe matasa ngomqondo wokuxhumana emingceleni, abe ngumgqugquzeli wama-teleconferences okuqala neMelika.
I-Teleconference Leningrad-Boston. 1986
“Ngithanda ukusho ukuthi ekukhangiseni kwethu kumabonakude yonke into ithinta ucansi. Ingabe unazo ezokukhangisa ze-TV?
- "Kodwa siya ocansini ... asilwenzi ucansi futhi siphikisana nalo ngokuphelele."
Isililo esivela ezithamelini: “Siya ocansini, asinazo izikhangiso.”
"Yiphutha leli"!
UGoldin wayekholelwa ngokwedlulele emandleni ethelevishini. U-Schatz uthatha indlela ehlukile futhi uvumelana nokusebenzisana ne-Research Institute of Applied Automatic Systems. Ifushanisiwe njenge-VNIIPAS, iyona kuphela inhlangano eNhlanganweni enesiteshi esizinikele entshonalanga.
UJoel Schatz: u-hippie kanye nosomabhizinisi we-IT.
“Ngaphakamisa ukuxhuma amakhompyutha phakathi kwala mazwe womabili, umqondisi wesikhungo, u-Oleg Smirnov, uwuthandile lo mbono. Kodwa ukuze angaceli imvume kwabezokuphepha, wakubiza ngokuthi ukuhlola. Ngakho-ke ukuxhumana kwethu kokuqala kwamakhompiyutha avela emazweni amabili asebenzisa umthetho olandelwayo we-X25 kwenzeka ngaphansi kokuhlolwa.”
Lolu hlelo luqala ukukhuluma ngomanduleli we-inthanethi, izingxoxo zezingcingo zomhlaba wonke ezibanjelwe e-VNIIPAS. Ngenxa yombhali wendaba, isazi samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo u-Klyosov, ungabona ukuthi inethiwekhi yayibukeka kanjani ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwewebhu.
UDmitry Klyosov. I-Biochemist kanye nephayona le-inthanethi.
“Ukuze ngixhume kukhompyutha yangaphandle eyisisekelo lapha, ikhompuyutha engiyisebenzisayo iseCanada, nginikeza umyalo omfushane futhi ngixhume eCanada. Yilokho nje, ukuxhumana kwenzekile futhi uhlelo lubonisa okuthiwa imenyu, ingazisa ukuthi ngithole izincwadi ezinhlanu kusukela emsebenzini wami wokugcina. Laba ababili bokuqala abavela eSweden, sengivele ngibone zisuka nje, omunye ovela e-USA, bese e-Finland bese kuba eNew Zealand. Bese engitshela ukuthi yiziphi izingqungquthela engisebenza kuzo, yimiphi imilayezo emisha eqoqiwe.”
Isiqephu sohlelo "Isikhathi". 1990
Ngolunye usuku eMoscow basayina isivumelwano sebhizinisi elihlangene laseSoviet-American elingafani nanoma iyiphi enye.
Ngokusemthethweni, inhlangano entsha ibizwa ngeSovam Teleport.
Nangu u-Oleg Smirnov, umqondisi we-VNIIPAS.
“Kuzokwazi ukuthumela umbhalo, itafula, igrafu, incwadi. Ake sithi eSan Francisco, eNew York noma eCanada. ”
Lona nguJoel Schatz, umqondisi weSan Francisco-Moscow Teleport.
“Ukwakhiwa kwebhizinisi elihlanganyelwe nabalingani bethu baseMelika, i-joint venture ye-Sovam Teleport, kuzosebenza ukuqinisa lolu hlelo oluqhubekayo ezweni lethu njengamanje. Ukwenza intando yeningi, ukubeka obala kanye nokuthola ozakwethu abalungile nabadingekayo kuzo zonke izindawo. "
U-Alexey Kolesnikov. Umqondisi wezobuchwepheshe weSovam-teleport ngo-1990-1995.
- "Inyunyana yayifuna ukuba umngane nabantu baseMelika ngaleso sikhathi?"
- "Angazi, angikwazi ukusho ukuthi, babefuna ukuba abangane, mhlawumbe babefuna ukuba yingxenye yezwe elikhulu, eliphucuzekile."
I-Sovam Teleport yaba umhlinzeki wokuqala we-inthanethi e-USSR. Eminyakeni embalwa, uSchatz uzobuyela eMelika.
UJoel Schatz: u-hippie kanye nosomabhizinisi we-IT.
“Angikaze ngiphuphe ngokunikela ngempilo yami ekwakheni ibhizinisi lezokuxhumana eRussia; ngangiyithanda kakhulu inqubo yokusungula ubudlelwano emhlabeni ukuze ngigweme impi yenuzi. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakubonakala sengathi ubudlelwano bubuyela kwesijwayelekile, kwakuyisikhathi esinethemba elikhulu futhi sanquma ukubuya. "
U-Alexey Kolesnikov. Umqondisi wezobuchwepheshe weSovam-teleport ngo-1990-1995.
“Wayeyisidlakela, waxoshwa eButhweni Lezempi laseMelika, wayehlala ehlathini lapho nesizwe samahippie, ehlola i-asidi (LSD). Ukuphela kwe-60s yaseSan Francisco, ngingasho ukuthini, kucacile ... Ngokusobala wayenombono othile mayelana nendlela leli zwe okufanele lihlelwe ngayo, futhi kufanele lihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi abantu bakwazi ukuxhumana. Manje lapho ngihlangana naye futhi sixoxa, ngiyabuza, “Uthanda kanjani?” Lokhu kusho ukuthi wonke umuntu uxhumana nawo wonke umuntu, kodwa bazondana nakakhulu.” Uthi ngokusobala lena ingqikithi yomuntu.”
Ukuvela kwe-Intanethi kwaqondana nokuwohloka kwesistimu yeSoviet kanye nephupho likaSchatz noGoldin lagcwaliseka, ikhethini lawa, kokubili emhlabeni wangempela kanye naku-virtual.
U-Alexey Kolesnikov. Umqondisi wezobuchwepheshe weSovam-teleport ngo-1990-1995.
Nokho, ngangineminyaka emingaki ngaleso sikhathi, 25 noma okuthize, ngangisemusha ngaleso sikhathi, ngangilenga lapho noPolunin Slava, nabaculi, nabaculi: uhlobo oluthile lwe-Obermaneken, Cinema, Boris Grebenshchikov. Awu, yini enye oyidingayo? Babe sebenentshisekelo emhlabeni ovulekile owawungemuva kweKhetheni Lensimbi. Futhi basehhovisi, kunjalo, emakhonsathini badlala imidlalo ehlanyisayo. Bathatha i-SS-20 rocket carrier, imicibisholo ye-ballistic yamasu, babeka i-Polunin nama-clowns kuyo futhi bamyisa e-Red Square.
UJoel Schatz: u-hippie kanye nosomabhizinisi we-IT.
“Besingenayo imvume esemthethweni, kodwa amaphoyisa omgwaqo awazange asivimbe ngoba uJoseph ukwazile ukubaqinisekisa ukuthi lesi senzo kwavunyelwana ngaso phezulu. Futhi lokho kwakuyiphuzu lonke. "
U-Alexey Kolesnikov. Umqondisi wezobuchwepheshe weSovam-teleport ngo-1990-1995.
“Sonke sibancane futhi sizacile lapha, nabu ubuso bami obuhle obunomsila wehhashi, kulungile, nsizwa ye-inthanethi, kwenzakalani.”
I-Sovam Teleport yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Rossiya Online, yabe isithengiswa kwa-Golden Telecom, yona yathathwa yi-Beeline ngerekhodi lama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4. I-hippie ematasa, uSchatz wavuka njengomuntu ocebile.
UJoel Schatz: u-hippie kanye nosomabhizinisi we-IT.
“Saceba futhi kwasishaqisa kakhulu, ngoba okwasiletha eSoviet Union kwakungesona isifiso sokwenza imali, kodwa isifiso sokwenza okuhle, ukusondeza abaseRussia nabaseMelika ukuze umhlaba uphephe. ”
Yiqiniso, uhlu lozalo lwe-RuNet alufaki ama-hippie aseCalifornia kuphela. Ngemuva kokuhlasela kwe-Afghanistan, iSoviet Union yazithola isingaphansi kwenswinyo. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, ithimba labahleli bezinhlelo likwazile ukwenza i-Russify isistimu yokusebenza ye-American Unix ethunyelwe ngokuyimfihlo.
Futhi yakha inethiwekhi ngokusekelwe kuyo. Ama-Unixoid amaningi asebenza esikhungweni samakhompyutha se-Kurchatov Institute.
U-Alexey Soldatov. Inhloko Yesikhungo Sekhompyutha ye-IAE eqanjwe ngemuva. I.V. Kurchatova ngo-1985-1992, uyise Runet.
Lena inethiwekhi eyahlanganisa ososayensi, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, inethiwekhi iyisicaba. Abantu baxhumana ngezinga elifanayo. Ngaphambi kwalokho, uma ufuna ukuthola imiphumela yesinye isikhungo kulesi sikhungo, ubudinga umkhethi wakho ukuthi axhumane nalowo mkhethi, futhi uzothumela imiyalelo... kulokhu, ukushintshana okukhulu kwenzeka. Ama-athikili, imiphumela yokuhlolwa, njalo njalo.”
Kulesi sithombe, abahleli bezinhlelo baseSoviet abathole Umklomelo WoMkhandlu WeziNgqongqoshe ngokudala uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-DEMOS (I-Dialogue Unified Mobile Operating System), inguqulo yasekhaya ye-Unix, ososayensi abasebasha bakwazi ukujwayela isoftware ethuthukisiwe kumakhompyutha aseSoviet asemuva. Umbuso awuzange ujezise lesi sinyathelo, kodwa wasikhuthaza.
Leonid Yegoshin. Ubaba weRunet.
Baklonyeliswe ngomklomelo, indondo, idiploma kanye nama-ruble angu-480 ngamunye. Basinikeza yona e-Kremlin ehholo elingaphansi kwedome, elibonakala eRed Square, ngemva nje kweLenin Mausoleum. Ingabe uyazi? Laphaya! Sabe sesiphuma sathwetshulwa kwavela isithombe esidumile.
Endlini yaseCalifornia yaseNataliya Paremskaya, umfelokazi wohlelo uMikhail Paremsky, uMaslenitsa ugujwa. Abangane bakudala bakwa-Unixoid babuthana.
Natalya Paremskaya. Umhleli ophezulu.
“Kwaba njalo. UParemsky waletha lawa makhasethi e-Unix esiswini sakhe, futhi esuka endaweni ethile wawayekethisa. Wayidonsa ngesango, nge-Kurchatov Institute, futhi abantu babe nesithakazelo. Lokhu kwakungewona umsebenzi weqembu, uhulumeni, kwakungekho into enjalo. Laba kwakungabantu abanomdlandla. Sonke sasinobungane kakhulu. Konke lokhu bekumangalisa kakhulu, uyazi, njengokunyakaza kwe-KSP. Uyazi, kwakunjalo ngokusuka enhliziyweni.”
I-KSP iklabhu yezingoma ezifundayo. Okufanayo nokuhamba kwabathandi bokunyakaza kwezingoma ze-bard.
ISoviet Union ibilokhu ikhuthaza isayensi ukusebenzela ukuzivikela. Akumangazi ukuthi izikhungo zesayensi ezihlobene ne-nuclear physics zaba ngezokuqala ukuxhuma kunethiwekhi. I-IHEP (Institute of High Energy Physics) yayihloselwe ukubambisana ne-CERN (European Center for Nuclear Research) futhi ngokwengxenye neMelika.
Leonid Yegoshin. Ubaba weRunet.
“Ngenxa yokuthi amalabhorethri amaningi e-IHEP enza amathuluzi okuhlola okuhlanganyelwe, ukuxhumana kwakudingeka kakhulu. Umqondisi waba nethuba lokuxhumana ngaleso sikhathi ngocingo lwaseMoscow okuwukuphela kwalo. Bafake imodemu kulo mugqa futhi nginikeze isiteshi se-imeyili ngisebenzisa i-Unix nekhompyutha yaseSoviet. Kwaba impumelelo. "
UMikhail Popov. Umhleli ophezulu.
“Ngehora elilodwa nje singaxoxa nabantu abayishumi abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba futhi sithole impendulo. Lokhu kufana nento eyashintsha ngokuphelele yonke into. Akukho ukulawula! Umuzwa wamathuba amasha ngokuphelele.”
Ngo-1991, kwenzeka i-putsch, ngenkathi i-"Swan Lake" isakazwa ku-TV, abahlinzeki batshela umhlaba ngokwenzeka ezweni. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi kwaba sobala ukuthi i-Internet ingase ibe omunye umthombo wolwazi.
U-Alexey Soldatov. Inhloko Yesikhungo Sekhompyutha ye-IAE eqanjwe ngemuva. I. V. Kurchatova ngo-1985-1992, uyise Runet
Bakha i-node e-Kurchatov Institute, ene-spare eyodwa ku-Demos. Sanikana ngolwazi. Kwakunolwazi lwalolu hlobo: "Ngihlezi endaweni ethize, amathangi eza ekhelini elithi naleli." Ngemuva kwalokho, kwamenyezelwa isicelo sikaYeltsin futhi sadlulisa ngokushesha, njengathi, ngabiza ozakwethu ngabancenga ukuthi bangayi emigoqweni, kodwa benze ibhizinisi labo eliyinhloko, ngoba lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. "
Kanye ngesonto, umdwebi wezinhlelo u-Alexei Rudnev uzama ukundiza phezu kweSan Francisco Bay ukuze “asule ikhanda,” njengoba esho. Unixoid wodumo, ongomunye wabaklonyeliswa ngoMklomelo WoMkhandlu Wongqongqoshe, uRudnev walishiya iRussia cishe eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, njengabaningi abakuleso sithombe esikhumbulekayo.
U-Alexey Rudnev. Ubaba weRunet.
“Abantu bokuqala ababengabaphathi kwakungabaphathi be-MNF ababeyizinhloko zamalebhu, bethembekile futhi bengafundile kwezamabhizinisi. Ekupheleni kweminyaka engu-90, osomabhizinisi base befikile kakade, kwakukhona amabhizinisi amaningi, imishini encane, okungukuthi, ayizange ibe mnandi, abantu baqala ukufuna imisebenzi emisha, manje inombolo yethu isezifundazweni, kahle, ngokubona kwami. , kwavela ndawana thize 60/40. Lapha sinokunye okwengeziwe, kodwa futhi konke kunemibandela.”
Ngemva kokuhlangana ndawonye, obaba baseRunet bavame ukukhumbula izwe lakubo, lapho amakhono abo ayengadingeki.
Leonid Yegoshin. Ubaba weRunet.
“Bekuyiminyaka yamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye. Kwabe sekukhona ubunxiwankulu obusendle, abathuthukisi baseceleni. Kuvele ukuthi akuzona inkinga enkulu, inkinga isekutheni imali uzoyithola kuphi, uthenge isiteshi, uncenge, uqashe ikamelo.”
U-Alexey Rudnev. Ubaba weRunet.
"Okungukuthi, esigabeni sokuqala, abathuthukisi yibona abayinhloko, esigabeni sesibili osomabhizinisi baba yibona abayinhloko, futhi manje sekujwayelekile."
Leonid Yegoshin. Ubaba weRunet.
"Futhi lonke uhlelo lwaqala ukuthuthela kwenye indawo, kwacaca ukuthi ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe ngeke badingeke isikhathi eside."
U-Alexey Rudnev. Ubaba weRunet.
“Hhayi-ke, akulona iqiniso lelo futhi. Ngeke baphathe."
Futhi abaningi bahamba.
Leonid Yegoshin. Ubaba weRunet.
“Yebo, isizathu sami sokuthi kungani, ngokujwayelekile, sihambe bekulesi. Okusho ukuthi, kwacaca ukuthi ngeke badingeke isikhathi eside.”
Ingabe abathuthukisi bebelokhu babaluleka e-USA?
Leonid Yegoshin. Ubaba weRunet.
“Uyini, kunjalo.”
Iningi labasebenzisi abakhuluma isiRashiya ekuqaleni kwawo-90s kwakungososayensi nabafundi abaneziqu zamanyuvesi aseNtshonalanga nezikhungo zocwaningo. Izinga le-IQ ku-RuNet lalifanelekile.
Roman Leibov. Isazi sefilosofi kanye nephayona likaRunet.
Isiqalo engasithola - kwakunjalo ngempela. Sekuyisikhathi sabaphathi abathile bamalabhu baseMelika. Ngokwemvelo, babekhuluma isiRashiya kimi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo babehlanganiswe ngokuphelele ohlelweni lwendawo. Bengicabanga ukuthi uma uza ku-inthanethi, ungasizwa kanjani isiNgisi?
U-Alexei Andreev. Umbhali kanye nephayona le-Runet ngo-1994 - 1996, umfundi oneziqu e-West Virginia University.
Nakhona-ke, kwakukhona neziqu ezithile zobuhlakani. Okusho ukuthi, abantu bokuqala abafika lapho yilabo ababesemanyuvesi. Noma okungenani kwezinye izinkampani ze-IT, okungukuthi, kwakungekho ukuphindaphinda ngomqondo othile. Ngokuqinisekile abantu babeyinqaba futhi behlanya, kodwa babengebona abanal. Bonke babethakazelisa ngandlela thize.
Ngo-1993, iwebhu, i-World Wide Web, yavela, iziphequluli zenza i-intanethi ifinyeleleke hhayi kososayensi kuphela.
UMaxim Moshkov. Umdali wensiza ye-Moshkov Library.
“Sekusondele u-1994 kwaphinde kwafakwa esinye isiteshi emnyangweni wezibalo. Kakade i-intanethi enjalo engaguquki yangempela. Futhi siqala ukwenza i-www, njengabo bonke "abantu abamhlophe". Asazi ukuthi kuyini. Siyazi ukuthi sidinga ukudweba ikhasi futhi siliklame ngendlela ekhethekile. Siya kuseva ye-Cern, cishe iseva yokuqala ye-www emhlabeni, kukhona ikhasi lasekhaya lomqambi walolu limi oluthi http Cenrov, uyazi ukuthi kunjani "Mayelana nami", "Mayelana nami". Siyayilanda futhi isho ukuthi-no-kuthi, umsunguli we-mosaic (uMosaic isiphequluli sewebhu sokuqala esine-graphical interface), i-http, isebenza lapho, bese, "Nginezinto zokuzilibazisa ezinjalo," "nasi isithombe sami “. Bonke abasebenzi ngokuhlanganyela bathatha leli khasi, balahle isibongo somfana, bazibhale, bashintshe isithombe bafake esabo, futhi manje wonke umuntu unekhasi lakhe siqu. Eqinisweni, lolu hlelo luyi-copy-paste, asazi lutho, kodwa sizokopisha yonke into, kwenzeka kanjalo.”
UDmitry Werner. Umdali wewebhusayithi anekdot.ru ngo-1994-1998, uprofesa ovakashele eNyuvesi yaseKentucky.
“Ngo-1994, ezifundazweni, ngathola indawo, eyayibizwa ngokuthi abazukulu bakaDazhdbog, Abazukulu bakaDazhdbog, yenziwa uSergei Naumov, umfundi oneziqu kwenye yamanyuvesi aseMelika, futhi kwakukhona iziqondiso zendlela yokwenziwa isiRashiya. computer, I Russified a workstation Unix, kwaba intokozo ephelele. Ngemva kweminyaka emine ngihlala phesheya, kungazelelwe ngabona amagama esiRashiya kuyi-computer. I-Internet yaseRussia yayincane kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi.”
German Klimenko. Usomabhizinisi we-inthanethi.
"Sifihla ngokucophelela ukuthi konke kwaqala kanjani, bese kuba negama elithi "amantombazane amabili ngehora," okungukuthi, lapho kwakukhona i-fido, kwakukhona amamodemu angu-1200-bit, ngakho-ke uhlezi futhi uthole izithombe ezimbili zamantombazane anokuqukethwe okuvusa inkanuko. ngehora. Okusho ukuthi, akukho okungenziwa - kwakunjalo. Balayisha kancane kakhulu, yingakho igama elithi "amantombazane amabili ngehora" lisetshenziswe, uxolo.
I-Artemy Lebedev Studio igubha iminyaka engama-23. Manje sekunabasebenzi abacishe babe ngama-300 nezinkulungwane zamaphrojekthi aqediwe. Lapho iwebhu ivela, umklami we-All Rus' wayengakabi namashumi amabili. Ubehlala nabazali bakhe e-USA futhi wayethanda imidwebo yekhompyutha.
Artemy Lebedev. Umklami wabo bonke Rus'.
“Ngafika lapha ngaba ngowokuqala owaqala ukudweba ama-website ngemali yabantu nokunye. Phakathi kwamakhasimende ami okuqala, ngo-1996-1997, kwakunguHewlett-Packard, iBhange Elikhulu laseRussia, ngenza iwebhusayithi yokuqala ye-State Duma. Okusho ukuthi ngizihlalele ekhaya ekhishini lami, bafika bayala, ngoba akekho omunye ongaya kuye. Ngasebenza izinsuku nezinsuku futhi ngenza ngedwa lokho abantu abangu-5 kamuva abaqala ukukwenza ngosuku olulodwa; usuku lwami lokusebenza ngaleso sikhathi lwalungamahora angu-36. Ngavala amakhethini, nganginamabhodlela amabili amalitha e-cola ne-pizza anogwayi, futhi lokhu kwakuwukuphela kukaphethiloli engangisebenza ngawo.”
Roman Leibov. Iphayona le-RuNet.
“Bheka, manje siyabona uLotman. Njengoba sihamba, siyaqhubeka nokubona uLotman.”
"Futhi kulapho uLotman eqala khona ukuhlakazeka futhi aphenduke uCthulhu noma into enjalo."
Nakuba ikhwalithi yokuxhumana yenza kube nokwenzeka ukulanda amantombazane angu-2 ngehora, i-intanethi yayikhuluma ngombhalo, hhayi ngezithombe. Kungokomfanekiso ukuthi amaphayona amaningana e-Runet ayengabafundi beLotman enkulu eNyuvesi yaseTartu.
Roman Leibov. Iphayona le-RuNet.
"U-Lotman weza ne-semiosphere, umqondo we-semiosphere ukuthi umuntu uzungezwe yizibonakaliso, ezikhiqizwa zona. Lapho kufika i-inthanethi, sabona ukuthi i-semiosphere iyini.”
Omunye umfundi waseLotman, uDmitry Itskovich, namuhla ungumnikazi wezikhungo zokuphuza ezithandwayo. Maphakathi nawo-90s, amahhovisi abahleli ezincwadi zokuqala eziku-inthanethi ezinamagama alula athi zhurnal.ru kanye ne-polit.ru ayesefulethini lakhe e-Kalashny Lane; lena kwakuyindawo lapho i-inthanethi yokusiza abantu yaseRussia “yakhiwe khona.”
UDmitry Itskovich. Usomabhizinisi kanye nephayona le-Runet.
"Basinike imodemu futhi cishe saba ne-ethernet yokuqala eMoscow, khona kanye" kubuchopho begolide. Kusuka efasiteleni lendlu yami, induku eqondile eqondiswe e-Academy of Sciences, ngayo i-intanethi yeza kithi, futhi ekamelweni lami kwakukhona amakhompyutha angu-5 futhi othile wayehlale enza okuthile kuwo. Saba ngabokuqala ukubamba izingqungquthela ze-IRC noPrigov, nge-Auction, noPelevin. "
Khona-ke kwakungenzeka ukubiza uPelevin futhi uvumelane ngokuthile naye?
"Ngamuphi umqondo"?
Hhayi-ke akaxhumani namuntu njengamanje.
“Hhayi-ke, asizange senze umbhedo. Lezi kwakuyizinto ezithokozisayo, eziyimpumelelo. Ubehlezi kanje ecashe ngasemnyango ekhoneni.”
Ukuze kungabikho muntu ongambona?
“Hhayi-ke, usinciphise kakhulu isikhala sakhe futhi sinaye ngemuva komnyango. Futhi kwakuyindlu enkulu yangaphambili yomphakathi. Yayingakaze yakhiwe kabusha, yayinkulu, imbi kakhulu, amaphela ayehlala lapho, kungekho zindawo zokufudumeza, kwakukhona amafasitela abheke emibhoshongweni yaseKremlin, ngoba yayiphansi phezulu.”
U-Alexei Andreev. Umbhali kanye nephayona le-Runet ngo-1994 - 1996, umfundi oneziqu e-West Virginia University.
“Kunenqwaba yamagumbi namaphaseji bese uyahamba uyohlangana noNosik kwelinye igumbi, uTyoma Lebedev kwelinye. Nokho, ngandlela-thile ngafika lapha kanye futhi ngahlangana nawo wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Futhi babengena bephuma, futhi ngaleso sikhathi othile wayebhala izihloko. U-Andrei Levkin uhlezi futhi wadala i-Polit.ru, isibonelo, iwebhusayithi yokuqala yezindaba zezombusazwe. "
“Kodwa wahlala ekhoneni. Lapha abantu badlala i-rock and roll... Yilokhu i-Inthanethi yokuqala yesiRashiya eyayinjani. Okufana nalokhu".
UDmitry Itskovich. Usomabhizinisi kanye nephayona le-Runet.
“Sinazo ngempela izincwadi zokuqala zika-Nosik, uLinor Goralik, u-Zhenya Gorny, umhleli oyinhloko - akuzona izinkunzi, njalo njalo... Konke lokhu kwakunamandla, kunengqondo futhi kujabule kakhulu, ukuphuza, ukuzijabulisa. abantu.”
"Kwahlala "Ama-Mine Surveyors", "AuktsYons", lo Zhenya Fedorov ofanayo, "Tequilla Jazz", kusukela lapho bahamba futhi beza emakhonsathini. Nokho, ukuphila okuvamile kwe-bohemian yasendle, abantu abangaphansi kuka-12 abazange bahlale phansi ukuze badle.”
Ubuhlala kukho konke lokhu njalo noma ubunohlobo oluthile lokuhlukana...
“Cha, bengihlala khona. Ngibe sengikhathala ngayisa emakilabhini ngokwawo.”
Itskovich, kanye nabalingani bakhe, bavula "iphrojekthi ye-OGI" - isikhungo sokuqala eMoscow lapho ungathenga khona kokubili utshwala nezincwadi. Waphelelwa isithakazelo ku-inthanethi, isikhathi sokucindezelwa kwezothando sase siphelile, futhi ukwenza imali ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi kwaba lula futhi kumnandi kakhulu. Ngesinye isikhathi, kwakunombhalo omningi ku-RuNet kangangokuthi imincintiswano yezincwadi ze-inthanethi yaba imfashini. Umncintiswano odume kakhulu, "Teneta," ngokushesha waqala ngokushaya ngempama ekunambithekeni komphakathi.
Leonid Delitsyn. Umhleli kanye nephayona le-Runet.
"Mhlawumbe ngo-1997, uKirill Vorobyov wavela lapho, owabhala ngaphansi kwegama elithi Bayan Shiryanov futhi waletha inoveli ethi "Low Aerobatics," eyashaqisa wonke umuntu, kodwa kwakungeyona neze into ababeyilindele abahleli. Kwakuyinoveli ekhuluma ngemilutha yezidakamizwa. Futhi lapho senza izidakamizwa futhi sazisebenzisa lapho, futhi kwakukhona imibono nokuphila kwalaba bantu, izigcawu ezimbi nezesabekayo ezingaqhudelana kalula noSorokin, njll. "
"Ihlazo laliwukuthi u-Anton Nosik ulethe uShiryanov nabanye babaqoki kanye nejaji lathi lokhu kufanele kususwe ngokuphelele, futhi abanye bathi" kahle, singayisusa kanjani, sivumelene ukuthi sithatha konke futhi sibe nomncintiswano ofanelekile. , ngokwentando yeningi". Futhi ekugcineni wabonisa Strugatsky, Strugatsky wathi lokhu futhi izincwadi, wathi ngokucophelela ukuthi kufana "The Life of Aliens," lokhu futhi izincwadi. Futhi kwanqunywa ukuthi "yebo, kulungile, myeke ahambe."
Inoveli ehlazisayo kaShiryanov yaba ngumnqobi womncintiswano; ngonyaka ozayo umlobi ngokwakhe uzonikeza abawinile umklomelo okhethekile - inqwaba yephephandaba lezithombe zobulili ezingcolile "Okwengeziwe". Iphini lenhloko yesikhathi esizayo yokuphatha kukamongameli, uSergei Kiriyenko, uzofika emcimbini futhi ngesikhathi esithile uzobe esesiteji esifanayo noShiryanov, khona-ke lokhu kwakungenzeka.
Kwabe sekuba nomfutho onjalo wokwephula okuthile, babhanga ngokugcwele, kahle-hle, kufanele benzeni abantu abasha? Lesi yisimo esijwayelekile. Okungenani uvivinya isistimu ukuze uthole amandla.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-XNUMX, inhlangano ye-pro-Putn ethi "Walking Together" yaqala ukushushiswa kwangempela kwababhali uSorokin noShiryanov: "Hhayi-ke, akunakwenzeka ngisho nokuthatha le ncwadi, ngoba i-scum." "I-Low Aerobatics" yahoxiswa ekuthengiseni, futhi kwavulwa icala lobugebengu ngokumelene noShiryanov. UBayan Shiryanov, emhlabeni uKirill Vorobyov, waphinda isiphetho samaqhawe akhe. Eminyakeni eminingana edlule wabulawa isifo sokusha kwesibindi ebumpofu nasekukhohlweni.
“Mantombazane, hlambululani isisu sami nesibindi, ngizophinde ngibe indoda elungile, ngizophinde ngibe indoda elungile, ngiwumqemane futhi nginomoya.”
Elinye lamagatsha athela kakhulu eRuNet liholela eJerusalema. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, iqembu labangane ababuyiselwe ekhaya lakhiwa lapha.
Arsen Revazov. Inhloko yesikhungo sokukhangisa i-IMHO.
"Ngelinye ihlaya lesigamu, sivele sanquma ukuyocula ku-Beneuda Street, umgwaqo ophakathi waseJerusalema, "Arbat", ohamba ngezinyawo, izingoma futhi ubone ukuthi bayasinika yini imali. Basijikijela amashekeli ahlekisayo, omunye wajikijela isikhwama samachips, okunye. Nokho, ngandlela-thile konke kwaba mnandi.”
Ngokushesha abathathu kule nkampani bazoba izibalo ezibalulekile ku-Runet. URevazov noNosik bafunda ndawonye eMoscow, esikoleni sesithathu sezokwelapha. Kakade kwa-Israyeli sahlangana nomunye owabuyela ekhaya, uDemyan Kudryavtsev.
Arsen Revazov. Inhloko yesikhungo sokukhangisa i-IMHO.
“Akekho owayenemali ngempela, kodwa owayenemali eyabela wonke umuntu, wayedla wonke umuntu. Sabhala imibhalo, sacula izingoma, saya emikhosini ethile yemibhalo nasemaqenjini. Okusho ukuthi, bekuyiphathi nje. Sathandana. Sasiyisikhungo sobuhlakani esinjalo saseJerusalema. Khona-ke yonke into eMoscow yayingeyinhle kakhulu, yonke into yayimnyama, kodwa lapho, kunalokho, kwakufudumele futhi kujabule.
U-Emelyan Zakharov wafunda esikoleni sesithathu sezokwelapha kanye noRevazov noNosik, futhi akazange asuke eMoscow, ephonsela inselele ku-whirlpool yeminyaka yamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye.
Emelyan Zakharov. Umsunguli we-Cityline.
“Nganginomngane oseduze kakhulu, umngane oseduze kakhulu, u-Ilya Medkov, wabulawa. Ngaleso sikhathi wayengusomabhizinisi omkhulu, mhlawumbe, owayengaba omunye wama-oligarchs amakhulu, kodwa maye, akazange aphile isikhathi eside, wabulawa. "
U-Ilya Medkov, ongomunye wosozigidi bokuqala baseRussia, wabulawa ngo-1993 eneminyaka engu-26.
“Ngangingena ebhizinisini elihluke ngokuphelele futhi ngaba nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ngavele ngabona ukuthi ngeke ngikwazi ukuhamba edolobheni lapho sasihlezi ndawonye, angikwazi namanje futhi kunjalo, ngasuka ngahamba. I-France, lapho ngathola khona ukuzitika okokuqala nokokugcina empilweni yami.”
Ngemva kokululama ekuphuzeni kwakhe, u-Zakharov wabuyela eRussia ngombono wokudala umhlinzeki we-inthanethi onamanani angabizi. Wabiza uNosik no-Revazov, kwase kuba u-Kudryavtsev no-Lebedev, futhi yavela kanje i-CITYLINE edumile.
U-Yegor Shuppe, umngane kaZakharov, usomabhizinisi kanye nomkhwenyana kaBoris Berezovsky, waba umqondisi jikelele.
Egor Shuppe. Umongameli weCityline ngo-1996-2001.
“UBorya wanquma ukuhlangana nathi. Wathi, “Manje ngizobutha abantu bami, futhi uze lapho futhi sizokhuluma.” Ngaphambi kwalokho, sasihlangana ngamunye ngamunye, ukuze nje sichaze nge-Inthanethi. Wathi, “Kungani konke lokhu, uma wenza lokhu, yonke into izolungiswa,” into enjalo. Futhi kwakukhona iseluleko sokutshala izimali. Kusukela ohlangothini lukaBory, eduze kwami kumi uRoma Abramovich, u-Evgeniy Shvindler, u-Alexander Voloshin. Savumelana ngemalimboleko yezentengiselwano, yonke into yayilungile. Kwakuyiphupho elibi ngoba kwabonakala kungenakwenzeka ukuthola imali kuBori. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yalokho, kwadingeka ngithole imali endaweni eyodwa, u-Emelin wayithola kwenye indawo. Kule mali ethenjisiwe u-X, sithole kuphela u-30%.
Artemy Lebedev. Umklami wabo bonke Rus'.
"Imali ne-inthanethi - akuzange kuhambisane nhlobo. Kwaba sengathi sisendaweni yezimbongi ngeminyaka yama-50s, abantu bexoxa ngemali. Lokhu akunakwenzeka, ngoba umuntu onjalo waxoshwa ngokushesha njengosomabhizinisi omubi, i-huckster kanye ne-speculator. Futhi lokho kusho ukuthi ngiqale ukubhoboza imbobo, okusho ukuthi okuqukethwe bekumahhala kubafundi, bekungakabhalisi, kepha laba babhali bebevele bethola ama-royalties futhi bekuwuguquko. Futhi eqinisweni, uNosik ngokwakhe waba omunye wababhali bokuqala. Ngiqhamuke negama elithi “Evening Internet” futhi waqhuba le kholomu yansuku zonke, eyayidume kakhulu.”
Arsen Revazov. Inhloko yesikhungo sokukhangisa i-IMHO.
“Bethule inani lama-dollar angu-36.60, kwase kuba ngama-dollar, kwakuyimali ephansi, ishibhile kakhulu futhi awukwazi ukufinyelela okungenamkhawulo. Futhi-ke, njengoba kwakusobala ngokuphelele ukuthi akekho owayezodinga i-inthanethi ngokwayo uma kungekho okuqukethwe, balethe u-Anton Nosik ukuze akhe okuqukethwe.
UNosik wayehlala eJerusalema ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba kufanele umvangeli wesikhathi esizayo, kodwa ngokushesha yena nabangane bakhe babuyela eMoscow.
Anton Nosik. Umphostoli oyinhloko weRuNet.
“Ngabuya ngoba i-Internet yaqala lapha, engangineminyaka engu-2 ngiyenza lapho, futhi abangane bami bavula i-Internet lapha. Ngahlala eJerusalema futhi ngasebenzela abangani bami eMoscow, ngoba lokho okwakungatholwa kwa-Israyeli omncane ngo-1996 kuyi-Internet kwakungenakuqhathaniswa namathemba nezibikezelo zaseRussia. I-inthanethi yolimi lwesiRashiya iphakathi kwabantu abayizigidi ezingu-200...
Isazi sesayensi yezinkanyezi sase-St. Petersburg, u-Dmitry Werner, waba nomsebenzi ophumelelayo eKentucky ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye. Wayenomsebenzi wokuzilibazisa omnandi, eqoqa futhi ethumela amahlaya ku-inthanethi. I-anekdot.ru ibe isiza sokuqala esibuyekezwa nsuku zonke ku-RuNet, futhi maduze nje ingeyokuqala.
UDmitry Werner. Umdali wewebhusayithi anekdot.ru ngo-1994-1998, uprofesa ovakashele eNyuvesi yaseKentucky.
“Bezingekho izikhangiso. Kodwa abantu bathi kwakukhona iwebhusayithi epholile, futhi ekwindla ka-1996 kwakungekho 100, kodwa kakade abantu abayi-1000 ngosuku. Ngaleso sikhathi lokhu kwakukuningi. Ngo-1997, kwavela i-Rambler TOP 100, ingane ye-Inthanethi, ngamisa ikhawunta futhi kwavela ukuthi ngokushesha ngathatha indawo yokuqala phakathi kwazo zonke izingosi. Ngendlela, lena inkulumo kaDelitsina, ngokubona kwami, ukuthi amahlaya angobulili baseRussia, abaholi bawo wonke umuntu bayizingosi ze-porn, kodwa eyethu isayithi elinamahlaya. "
Kancane kancane, amahlaya aqala ukuphazamisa ukwenza isayensi, kwakudingeka ukukhetha, futhi abaphathi abaphezulu beCityline banikela ukuya kubo ukuze bathole iholo elihle, banikeze igama lesizinda, futhi uWerner wakhetha amahlaya.
“Ngaleso sikhathi ngangingaqondi nhlobo ukubaluleka kwegama lesizinda, ngacabanga ukuthi ngake ngathutha, ngathuthela okwesibili, futhi uma kwenzeka noma yini ngangizophinde ngithuthe, ngoba angizange ngibadayisele lo msebenzi. Ngahamba ngayosebenzela iholo lomhleli, angizange nje ngicasuke, ngamangala lapho bengidayisela yonke iphrojekthi ngaphandle kokungitshela lutho, lapho ngivula incwadi ethile eku-inthanethi futhi kubhalwe ukuthi i-Cityline ithengise i-anekdot.ru. Yiqiniso, lesi kwakuyisimo sengqondo, uprofesa ovela eMelika, hhayi kulomhlaba. Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso ngokwengxenye, vele ubungekho ubuhlakani kwezohwebo.”
Eminyakeni engu-5 edlule, uWerner wafeza iphupho lakhe, wangena ezikweletini futhi wathenga iwebhusayithi yakhe kwa-RBC. Abaningi kakhulu kwadingeka ukuba kunikelwe ngenxa yama-anecdotes ukuze kushiye ingane ethandekayo ezandleni ezingalungile.
UDmitry Werner. Umdali wewebhusayithi anekdot.ru ngo-1994-1998, uprofesa ovakashele eNyuvesi yaseKentucky.
“Mina nomkami sasebenza ndawonye, naye uyisazi sezinkanyezi, futhi vele wayefuna ngifunde i-astrophysics, futhi ngangena ngigxile kuyi-Internet yaseRussia. Ngenxa yalokho, wahlala eMelika, mina ngabuyela eRussia.”
Njengoba iCityline ikhula, yabhekana nezinselelo ezintsha. Ukuntuleka kwemigqa yamahhala nabaduni. Inkinga yolayini ayikwazanga ukuxazululeka; izigebengu zasingathwa.
Emelyan Zakharov. Umsunguli we-Cityline.
“Baduni, abanye abafana bebezijabulisa ngokuphahlaza amaseva. Sihlele ukuhlaselwa kwe-DDOS, amaseva aphahlazeka, abasebenzisi abayitholanga isevisi efanele, basithuka. Kwakungacaci ukuthi kufanele kubhekwane kanjani nalokhu, ngakho ngenza into elandelayo. Noma yikuphi ukungena kunethiwekhi kwenzeka kwelinye ikheli. Ngokuvamile, kwakungenzeka ukuqonda ukuthi kuphi, ini, kanjani. Ngokuvamile, bangitshela ikheli, ngafika kuleli kheli ngiphethe i-baseball bat, nangempela ngaphuka imilenze yale ndoda futhi yahamba, emva kwalokho akekho noyedwa u-hacker owahlasela amaseva e-Cityline, ngoba babazi ukuthi abaphathi bohlelo ngeke basebenze ngokuphendula. , kodwa ngizofika nje futhi ngokujwayelekile ”...
Ngo-XNUMX, u-Boris Berezovsky waxabana noMongameli osanda kukhethwa u-Putin futhi waphoqeleka ukuba afuduke. UShuppe nomndeni wakhe bahamba ngemuva kwakhe.
Egor Shuppe. Umongameli weCityline ngo-1996-2001.
“Sahamba sonke, ngaphucwa umuzi wami, kwathathwa amabhizinisi amaningi. Yebo, ngiyazisola ngempela ngokuthi asikwazanga ukuqeda umsebenzi futhi kwadingeka ngihambe.”
Manje u-Yegor Shuppe uhlala endlini yakhe endaweni yezicukuthwane yaseLondon, kodwa ukhumbula izikhathi ze-Cityline nge-nostalgia.
Egor Shuppe. Umongameli weCityline ngo-1996-2001.
"Sakha isisekelo, asisodwa, singabahlanganyeli kwi-Intanethi yaseRussia ezayo. Sasingenwe yile mibono, futhi kwakukhona indawo eningi yokudala lapho, kwaze kwaba, ngeshwa, konke kwaqala ukuphendulwa ezombusazwe. Cishe lena inkampani engcono kakhulu engake ngaba nayo empilweni yami. Hhayi ngokwempumelelo yezezimali nanoma yini enye, kodwa ngomqondo womoya. Sifana nabaqalayo. Babehlale benesibindi. Kwakukhona umuntu osebenza ebhange, manje usephenduke iposi. Kodwa sasingamaposi ahloniphekile.”
Ngo-2000, uZakharov noSchuppe badayise ngempumelelo iCityline ngamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-30. USchuppe uzotshala imali ekuqaliseni i-inthanethi futhi abe usozimali ophumelelayo. ERussia, uzovulelwa icala lobugebengu ngamacala okuhlela ukubulala.
U-Emelyan Zakharov uzofeza iphupho lakhe futhi avule igalari yobuciko besimanje.
U-Demyan Kudryavtsev uzoba seduze no-Boris Berezovsky futhi uzoba isandla sakhe sokunene isikhathi eside.
Inkampani kaRevazov IMHO izoba ngumholi ekukhangisweni kwe-inthanethi eRussia.
Ekugcineni u-Anton Nosik uzozibonakalisa njengomphostoli oyinhloko weRunet.
Siyabonga ngokuhlala nathi. Uyazithanda izindatshana zethu? Ufuna ukubona okuqukethwe okuthakaselayo okwengeziwe? Sisekele ngokufaka i-oda noma ngokuncoma kubangani, Isaphulelo sika-30% sabasebenzisi be-Habr ku-analogue ehlukile yamaseva eleveli yokungena, esungulwe yithi ngenxa yakho: (itholakala nge-RAID1 kanye ne-RAID10, kufika kuma-cores angu-24 kuze kufike ku-40GB DDR4).
I-Dell R730xd ishibhile izikhathi ezi-2? Lapha kuphela eNetherlands! I-Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - isuka ku-$99! Funda mayelana
Source: www.habr.com