Ilebhu: ukusetha i-lvm, ukuhlasela ku-Linux

Ukwehla okuncane: le LR iyenziwe.
Eminye yemisebenzi echazwe lapha ingenziwa kalula kakhulu, kodwa njengoba umsebenzi we-l/r uwukwazi
ngokusebenza kwe-raid nokusebenza kwe-lvm, eminye imisebenzi ixaka ngokwenziwa.

Izidingo zamathuluzi ukwenza i-LR:

• Amathuluzi e-Virtualization njenge-Virtualbox
• Isithombe sokufakwa kwe-Linux, isibonelo I-Debian9
• Ukutholakala kwe-inthanethi ukulanda amaphakheji amaningana
• Xhuma nge-ssh ku-VM efakiwe (uyazikhethela)

QAPHELA

Lo msebenzi waselabhorethri uhlobene nendaba ecashile njengokuphepha kwedatha - lena indawo lapho
okukuvumela ukuthi ulahlekelwe yiyo yonke idatha yakho ngenxa yephutha elincane - uhlamvu olulodwa noma inombolo eyengeziwe.
Njengoba wenza umsebenzi waselabhorethri, awukho engozini, ngaphandle kokuthi kuzodingeka uqale ukuwenza futhi.
Empilweni yangempela, yonke into ibucayi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele ufake amagama ediski ngokucophelela, ukuqonda
wenzani ngempela ngomyalo wamanje nokuthi yimaphi amadiski osebenza nawo.

Iphuzu lesibili elibalulekile ukuqanjwa kwamadiski kanye nokuhlukaniswa: kuye ngokuthi isimo, izinombolo zediski zingahluka
kusukela kulawo magugu avezwe emiyalweni yomsebenzi waselabhorethri.
Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, uma ususa idiski ye-sda ohlwini bese wengeza idiski entsha, kuzovela idiski entsha.
ohlelweni olubizwa nge-sda. Uma uqala kabusha ngaphambi kokwengeza idiski entsha, bese entsha
idiski izoqanjwa ngokuthi sdb, futhi endala izobizwa ngokuthi sda

Ilebhu kufanele isetshenziswe njenge-superuser (impande) njengoba iningi lemiyalo idinga
amalungelo aphakeme futhi akunangqondo ukukhuphula amalungelo njalo nge-sudo

Izincwadi Zokufunda

• Raid
• I-LVM
• Ukuqamba idiski ku-Linux OS
• Yini isigaba
• Liyini itafula lokuhlukanisa futhi ligcinwa kuphi?
• Yini i-grub

Izinsiza ezisetshenzisiwe

1) buka imininingwane yediski

• lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
• fdisk -l
  2) ulwazi lokubuka nokusebenza ne-LVM
• pvs
• pvextend
• pvcreate
• pvresize
• njll
• vgrece
• lvs
• lvextend
  3) ulwazi lokubuka nokusebenza ne-RAID
• ikati /proc/mdstat
• mdadm
  4) faka amaphuzu
• khuphuka
• imali
• ikati /etc/fstab
• ikati /etc/mtab
  5) ukuhlukaniswa kwediski
• fdisk /dev/XXX
  6) ukukopisha ukwahlukanisa
• dd uma=/dev/xxx ye=/dev/yyy
  7) ukusebenza netafula lokuhlukanisa
• ingxenye
• sfdisk
• Okulandelayo4
  8) ukusebenza ne-bootloader
• grub-install /dev/XXX
• buyekeza-grub
  9) okunye
• lsof
• kulungile
• rsync

Umsebenzi waselabhorethri uqukethe izingxenye ezi-3:

• ukusetha uhlelo lokusebenza usebenzisa i-lvm, raid
• ukulingisa okukodwa kokwehluleka kwediski
• ukubuyisela amadiski ku-fly, ukwengeza amadiski amasha kanye nokuhlukaniswa okuhambayo.

Umsebenzi 1 (ukufakwa kwe-OS nokucushwa kwe-LVM, i-RAID)

1) Dala umshini omusha obonakalayo, uwunikeze izici ezilandelayo:

• I-1 gb ram
• 1 cpu
• 2 hdds (yiqambe ngokuthi ssd1, ssd2 futhi unikeze osayizi abalinganayo, hlola ukushintshwa okushisayo namabhokisi e-ssd)
• Isilawuli se-SATA silungiselwe izimbobo ezingu-4

2) Qala ukufaka i-Linux futhi uma ufika ekukhetheni ama-hard drive, yenza lokhu okulandelayo:

• Indlela yokuhlukanisa: manual, emva kwalokho kufanele ubone lesi sithombe:
  

• Ukusetha ukwahlukanisa okuhlukile kwe-/boot: Khetha idiski yokuqala bese udala ithebula lokuhlukanisa elisha kuyo

  • Usayizi wokuhlukanisa: 512M
  • Iphoyinti lokukhuphuka: /boot
  • Phinda izilungiselelo zediski yesibili, kodwa njengoba ungakwazi ukukhweza / ukuqalisa kabili ngesikhathi esifanayo, khetha iphoyinti lokukhweza: akukho, ekugcineni uthole okulandelayo (isithombe esine-jamb, sivila kakhulu ukuphinda sikwenze):
    

• Ukusethwa kwe-RAID:

  • Khetha isikhala samahhala kudiski yokuqala bese ulungisa uhlobo lokuhlukanisa njengevolumu ebonakalayo ye-RAID
  • Khetha "Uqedile ukusetha ukwahlukanisa"
  • Phinda izilungiselelo ezifanayo ncamashi zediski yesibili, okuholela kulokhu okulandelayo:
    
  • Khetha "Lungiselela i-RAID yesofthiwe"
  • Dala idivayisi ye-MD
  • Uhlobo lwedivayisi ye-Software RAID: Khetha amalungu afanayo esibukweni
  • Amadivayisi asebenzayo e-RAID XXXX yamalungu afanayo: Khetha womabili amadrayivu
  • Amadivayisi asele: Shiya u-0 njengokuzenzakalelayo
  • Amadivayisi asebenzayo e-RAID XX yamalungu afanayo: khetha ama-partitions owadalile ngaphansi kokuhlaselwa
  • Qeda
  • Ngenxa yalokho, kufanele uthole isithombe esinjengalesi:
    

• Ilungiselela i-LVM: Khetha okuthi Lungiselela Umphathi Wevolumu Enengqondo

  • Gcina isakhiwo samanje sokuhlukanisa futhi ulungiselele i-LVM: Yebo
  • Dala iqembu levolumu
  • Igama leqembu levolumu: uhlelo
  • Amadivayisi eqembu levolumu entsha: Khetha i-RAID yakho edaliwe
  • Dala ivolumu enengqondo
  • Igama levolumu elinengqondo: impande
  • usayizi wevolumu onengqondo: 25 kasayizi wediski yakho
  • Dala ivolumu enengqondo
  • Igama levolumu elinengqondo: var
  • usayizi wevolumu onengqondo: 25 kasayizi wediski yakho
  • Dala ivolumu enengqondo
  • Igama levolumu elinengqondo: log
  • usayizi wevolumu onengqondo: 15 kasayizi wediski yakho
  • Ngokukhetha imininingwane yokumisa isibonisi kufanele uthole isithombe esilandelayo:
    
  • Uma usuqedile ukusetha i-LVM kufanele ubone okulandelayo:
    

• Isakhiwo sokuhlukanisa: ngayinye ngayinye, khetha ivolumu ngayinye edalwe ku-LVM futhi uyihlele, isibonelo, impande enjengale:

  • Sebenzisa njenge: ext4
  • indawo yokugibela:/
  • Umphumela wokumaka ukuhlukaniswa kwezimpande kufanele ubukeke kanje:
    
  • phinda umsebenzi wokuhlukanisa we-var ne-log, ukhethe amaphuzu afanele wokukhweza (/var kanye / var/log efakwe ngesandla), ukuthola umphumela olandelayo:
    
  • Khetha okuthi Qeda Ukuhlukanisa
  • Uzobuzwa imibuzo embalwa mayelana neqiniso lokuthi usenayo i-partition eyehlisiwe futhi ukushintshwa akulungiselelwe. Yomibili le mibuzo kufanele iphendulwe ngendlela engemihle.

• Umphumela wokugcina kufanele ubukeke kanje:
  
  3) Qedela ukufakwa kwe-OS ngokufaka i-grub kudivayisi yokuqala (sda) bese uvula uhlelo.
  4) Kopisha okuqukethwe kwe-/boot partition kusuka ku-sda ​​drive (ssd1) kuya ku-sdb drive (ssd2)

  dd if=/dev/sda1 of=/dev/sdb1

  5) Faka i-grub kudivayisi yesibili:

• bheka amadiski kusistimu:

  fdisk -l
  lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

• Faka kuhlu wonke amadiski owanikezwa umyalo odlule bese uchaza ukuthi iwuhlobo luni lwediski

• Thola idrayivu lapho i-grub ingafakiwe futhi wenze lokhu kufakwa:
  grub-install /dev/sdb

• buka ulwazi mayelana nokuhlasela kwamanje ngomyalo wekati /proc/mdstat bese ubhala phansi okubonayo.

• bheka umphumela wemiyalelo: pvs, vgs, lvs, khweza bese ubhala phansi ukuthi yini ngempela oyibonile

Chaza ngamazwi akho ukuthi wenzeni nokuthi uthole muphi umphumela emsebenzini.

Ngemva kokuqeda lo msebenzi, kunconywa ukuthi ugcine ikhophi eyisipele yefolda yomshini obonakalayo noma wenze
ibhokisi le-vagrant: https://t.me/bykvaadm/191

Umphumela: Umshini obonakalayo onamadiski ssd1, ssd2

Umsebenzi 2 (Ukulingisa ukwehluleka kwelinye lamadiski)

1) Uma uhlole ibhokisi lokushintshanisa elishisayo, ungasusa amadiski empukaneni

• Susa i-disk ssd1 ezindaweni zomshini
• Thola uhla lwemibhalo lapho amafayela akho omshini agcinwa khona bese ususa okuthi ssd1.vmdk
  2) Qiniseka ukuthi umshini wakho obonakalayo usasebenza
  3) Qalisa kabusha umshini obonakalayo futhi uqiniseke ukuthi usasebenza
  4) hlola isimo sohlu lwe-RAID: ikati /proc/mdstat
  5) engeza idiski entsha yosayizi ofanayo kusixhumi esibonakalayo se-VM futhi uyiqambe ngokuthi ssd3
  6) ukwenza imisebenzi:
• bona ukuthi idiski entsha isifikile ohlelweni isebenzisa fdisk -l
• kopisha ithebula lokuhlukanisa lisuka kudiski elidala liye kwelisha: sfdisk -d /dev/XXXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY
• bheka umphumela usebenzisa i-fdisk -l
• Faka idiski entsha kuhlelo lokuhlasela: mdadm -phatha /dev/md0 -engeza /dev/YYY
• Bheka umphumela: cat /proc/mdstat. Kufanele ubone ukuthi ukuvumelanisa sekuqalile
  7) Manje udinga ukuvumelanisa ngesandla izingxenye ezingeyona ingxenye ye-RAID.
  Ukwenza lokhu, sizosebenzisa i-dd utility, sikopisha kusuka kudiski "bukhoma" kuya kwentsha osanda kuyifaka.

  dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY

  8) Ngemva kokuqedwa kokuvumelanisa, faka i-grub kudrayivu entsha
  9) Qalisa kabusha i-VM ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi yonke into iyasebenza
  Chaza ngamazwi akho ukuthi wenzeni nokuthi uthole muphi umphumela emsebenzini.
  Umphumela: Idiski ssd1 isusiwe, idiski ssd2 yalondolozwa, idiski ssd3 yengezwe.

  Umsebenzi 3 (Ukwengeza amadiski amasha nokuhambisa ukwahlukanisa)

  Lona umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi futhi omkhulu kunayo yonke owethulwe.
  Hlola ngokucophelela ukuthi wenzani nokuthi yimaphi amadiski nama-partitions.
  Kunconywa ukwenza ikhophi ngaphambi kokuyiqhuba.
  Lo msebenzi uzimele kuNombolo 2; ungenziwa ngemva komsebenzi No. 1, olungiselwe amagama ediski.
  Ingxenye yesibili yalo msebenzi waselabhorethri kufanele iholele esimweni esifanayo ncamashi esasingemva kokuqeda ingxenye yokuqala.

  Ukwenza umsebenzi wakho ube lula, ngingancoma ukuthi ungasusi ngokomzimba amadiski emshinini wokusingathwa, kodwa kuphela
  zinqamule ezakhiweni zomshini. Ngokombono we-OS ku-VM izobukeka ifana ncamashi, kodwa ungakwazi
  uma kwenzeka okuthile, xhuma idiski emuva bese uqhubeke nomsebenzi ngokuhlehlisa amaphuzu ambalwa, uma
  unezinkinga. Isibonelo, kungenzeka ukuthi ukwenzile ngendlela engalungile noma ukhohliwe ukukopisha ukuhlukaniswa kwe-/boot kudiski entsha.
  Ngingakweluleka kuphela ukuthi uhlole kabili ukuthi yimaphi amadiski nama-partitions osebenza nawo izikhathi ezimbalwa, noma okungcono nakakhulu
  Bhala phansi ephepheni ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadiski, ama-partitions kanye nenombolo yediski "ngokomzimba". Isihlahla esihle nesicacile
  iqembu liyadonsa lsblk, lisebenzise kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uhlaziye lokho okwenzile nalokho okudingeka kwenziwe.

  Endabeni...

  Cabanga ukuthi iseva yakho ibisebenza isikhathi eside kumadrayivu angu-2 we-SSD, lapho kungazelelwe...

  1) Lingisa ukwehluleka kwediski ye-ssd2 ngokukhipha idiski kuzakhiwo ze-VM bese uqalisa kabusha
  2) Buka isimo samanje samadiski kanye ne-RAID:

  cat /proc/mdstat
  fdisk -l
  lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

  3) Unenhlanhla - abaphathi bakho bakuvumele ukuthi uthenge amadiski amasha amaningana:

  2 i-SATA yomthamo omkhulu womsebenzi osudlule isikhathi eside wokuhambisa ukwahlukanisa ngamalogi kudiski ehlukile

  2 SSDs esikhundleni saleyo efile, kanye nokuthatha indawo yaleyo esasebenza.

  Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ubhasikidi weseva usekela kuphela ukufaka amadiski angu-4 ngesikhathi,
  ngakho-ke, awukwazi ukwengeza wonke amadiski ngesikhathi esisodwa.

  Khetha umthamo we-HDD izikhathi ezi-2 ezinkulu kune-SSD.
  Umthamo we-SSD mkhulu izikhathi ezingu-1,25 kune-SSD yangaphambili.

  4) Faka idiski entsha ye-ssd, uyibize nge-ssd4, futhi ngemuva kokungeza, hlola ukuthi kwenzekeni:

  fdisk -l
  lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

  5) Okokuqala, kufanele unakekele ukuphepha kwedatha kudiski endala.
  Kulokhu sizodlulisela idatha sisebenzisa i-LVM:

  • Okokuqala, udinga ukukopisha ithebula lefayela kusuka kudiski endala ukuya kwentsha:

    sfdisk -d /dev/XXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY

    Faka esikhundleni amadiski alungile okuthi x,y futhi uthole ukuthi lo myalo wenzani.

    Qalisa i-lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT bese uqhathanisa ukuphuma kwayo ngekholi yangaphambilini.
    Yini eshintshile?
    sebenzisa umyalo we-dd ukukopisha idatha /boot kudiski entsha

    dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY

    uma/ibhuthi isala ifakwe kudiski endala, kufanele ifakwe kabusha kudiski ebukhoma:

    mount | grep boot # смотрим куда смонтирован диск
    lsblk # смотрим какие диски есть в системе и смотрим есть ли диск, полученный из предыдущего пункта
    umount /boot # отмонтируем /boot
    mount -a # выполним монтирование всех точек согласно /etc/fstab. 
    # Поскольку там указана точка монтирования /dev/sda, то будет выполнено корректное перемонтирование на живой диск

    Faka i-bootloader kudrayivu entsha ye-ssd

    grub-install /dev/YYY

    Kungani senza lo msebenzi?

    dala uhlu olusha lwe-raid kufaka phakathi idiski ye-ssd entsha kuphela:

    mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md63 --level=1 --raid-devices=1 /dev/YYY

    Umyalo ongenhla ngeke usebenze ngaphandle kokucacisa ukhiye okhethekile.
    Funda usizo bese wengeza lo khiye emyalweni.

    Sebenzisa umyalo wekati /proc/mdstat ukuze uhlole umphumela wokusebenza kwakho. Yini eshintshile?
    Qalisa i-lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT bese uqhathanisa ukuphuma kwayo ngekholi yangaphambilini.
    Yini eshintshile?
    6) Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukulungisa i-LVM
    sebenzisa umyalo we-pvs ukuze ubuke ulwazi mayelana namavolumu akhona njengamanje
    dala ivolumu entsha ebonakalayo kufaka phakathi amalungu afanayo e-RAID adalwe ngaphambilini:

    pvcreate /dev/md63

    Qalisa i-lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT bese uqhathanisa ukuphuma kwayo ngekholi yangaphambilini.
    Yini eshintshile?
    Qalisa umyalo we-pvs futhi. Yini eshintshile?
    Masikhulise usayizi wesistimu ye-Volume Group sisebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:

    vgextend system /dev/md63

    Qalisa imiyalo bese ubhala lokho okubonile nokuthi yini eshintshile.

    vgdisplay system -v
    pvs
    vgs
    lvs -a -o+devices

    Iyiphi idiski ebonakalayo i-LV var,log,root okwamanje?

    Hambisa idatha isuka kudrayivu endala uyiyise kwentsha, usebenzisa amagama alungile edivayisi.

    pvmove -i 10 -n /dev/system/root /dev/md0 /dev/md63 

    Phinda umsebenzi wawo wonke amavolumu anengqondo

    Qalisa imiyalo bese ubhala lokho okubonile nokuthi yini eshintshile.

    vgdisplay system -v
    pvs
    vgs
    lvs -a -o+devices
    lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

    Ake siguqule i-VG yethu ngokususa i-raid disk endala kuyo. Faka esikhundleni igama elilungile lokuhlasela.

    vgreduce system /dev/md0

    Qalisa imiyalo bese ubhala lokho okubonile nokuthi yini eshintshile.

    lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
    pvs
    vgs

    Ukwenza isithombe sibe sihle kakhudlwana, khweza kabusha/qalisa kudiski yesibili ye-ssd (ssd4) bese usebenzisa okuthi lsblk. Ngenxa yalokho, idiski ye-ssd3 ayifuni
    akufanele kufakwe lutho. Hlola ngokucophelela ukuthi i-partition ye-boot ayinalutho! ls /boot kumele ibonise
    amafayela namafolda amaningana. Funda ukuthi yini egcinwe kulesi sigaba bese ubhala ukuthi iyiphi inkomba yefayela enesibopho salokho.
    7) khipha idiski ye-ssd3 bese wengeza i-ssd5, i-hdd1, i-hdd2 ngokuya ngemininingwane yobuchwepheshe echazwe ngenhla, okuholela ku:
    ssd4 - i-ssd entsha yokuqala
    ssd5 - i-ssd entsha yesibili
    I-hdd1 - i-hdd entsha yokuqala
    i-hdd2 - i-hdd entsha yesibili

    8) Bheka ukuthi kwenzekeni ngemuva kokwengeza amadiski:

    fdisk -l
    lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

    9) Ake sibuyisele ukusebenza kwe-main raid array:

    • kopisha ithebula lokuhlukanisa, ufake amadiski alungile:

      sfdisk -d /dev/XXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY

    • Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lapho sikopisha ithebula lokuhlukanisa kusuka kudiski endala, kubonakala sengathi usayizi omusha
      ayisebenzisi wonke umthamo we-hard drive.
      Ngakho-ke, maduze sizodinga ukukhuphula usayizi walokhu kwahlukanisa futhi sandise ukuhlasela.
      Zibonele ngokwakho ngokusebenzisa umyalo:

      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      10) kopisha i-boot partition /boot kusuka ku-ssd4 kuya ku-ssd5

      dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY

      11) Faka i-grub kudrayivu entsha (ssd5)
      12) shintsha usayizi wengxenye yesibili yediski ye-ssd5

      sebenzisa i-disk partitioning utility:

      fdisk /dev/XXX

      faka ukhiye we-d ukuze ususe ingxenye ekhona (khetha 2)
      faka ukhiye n ukuze udale ukwahlukanisa okusha
      faka ukhiye u-p ukuze ubonise uhlobo lokuhlukanisa “oluyinhloko”
      faka ukhiye 2 ukuze ukwahlukanisa okusha kube nenombolo yesibili
      Umkhakha wokuqala: cindezela u-enter ukuze wamukele usayizi obalwe ngokuzenzakalelayo wesiqalo sokuhlukanisa
      Umkhakha wokugcina: cindezela u-enter ukuze wamukele usayizi obalwe ngokuzenzakalelayo wokuphela kwesahlukaniso
      faka ukhiye we-l ukuze ubone uhlu lwazo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlukanisa okungenzeka futhi uthole i-Linux raid auto kuyo
      faka ukhiye t ukuze ushintshe uhlobo lwengxenye edaliwe (2) bese ufaka inombolo etholwe esinyathelweni sangaphambilini.
      faka ukhiye w ukuze ubhale ushintsho kudiski.
      12) phinda ufunde ithebula lokuhlukanisa bese uhlola umphumela

      partx -u /dev/XXX
      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      engeza idiski entsha ohlwini lwamanje lokuhlasela (ungakhohlwa ukufaka esikhundleni samadiski alungile)

      mdadm --manage /dev/md63 --add /dev/sda2

      Masinwebe inani lamadiski ohlwini lwethu ukuya ku-2:

      mdadm --grow /dev/md63 --raid-devices=2

      Bheka umphumela: sinamalungu afanayo angu-2 amakiwe, kodwa zombili izigaba ezifakwe kulolu hlu zinosayizi abahlukene.

      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      13) khuphula usayizi wokuhlukanisa kudiski ye-ssd4

      sebenzisa i-disk partitioning utility:

      fdisk /dev/XXX

      faka ukhiye we-d ukuze ususe ingxenye ekhona (khetha 2)
      faka ukhiye n ukuze udale ukwahlukanisa okusha
      faka ukhiye u-p ukuze ubonise uhlobo lokuhlukanisa “oluyinhloko”
      faka ukhiye 2 ukuze ukwahlukanisa okusha kube nenombolo yesibili
      Umkhakha wokuqala: cindezela u-enter ukuze wamukele usayizi obalwe ngokuzenzakalelayo wesiqalo sokuhlukanisa
      Umkhakha wokugcina: cindezela u-enter ukuze wamukele usayizi obalwe ngokuzenzakalelayo wokuphela kwesahlukaniso
      Ekupheleni kwemakhaphu, khetha Cha ukuze ushiye isiginesha yobulungu bengxenye ohlwini.
      faka ukhiye w ukuze ubhale ushintsho kudiski.
      12) phinda ufunde ithebula lokuhlukanisa bese uhlola umphumela

      partx -u /dev/XXX
      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      Sicela uqaphele ukuthi manje i-sda2, izingxenye ze-sdc2 zinosayizi > kunosayizi wedivayisi yokuhlasela.

      13) kulesi sigaba usayizi wokuhlasela manje unganwetshwa

      mdadm --grow /dev/md63 --size=max
      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT # check result

      Buyekeza i-lsblk futhi uqaphele ukuthi yini eshintshile
      14) Kodwa-ke, nakuba sishintshe usayizi wokuhlasela, ubukhulu be-vg root,var,log ngokwabo ayizange ishintshe.

      • bheka usayizi we-PV:

        pvs

      • Masinwebe usayizi we-PV yethu:

        pvresize /dev/md63

      • bheka usayizi we-PV:

        pvs

        15) Faka indawo esanda kuvela VG var,root

        lvs # посмотрим сколько сейчас размечено
        lvextend -l +50%FREE /dev/system/root
        lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/system/var
        lvs # проверьте что получилось

        Kuleli qophelo, usuqedile ukuthuthela amalungu afanayo amakhulu kumadiski amasha. sebenza nge-ssd1, i-ssd2 iqediwe

        16) Umsebenzi wethu olandelayo ukuhambisa / var/log kumadiski amasha, ngoba lokhu sizokwakha uhlu olusha kanye ne-lvm kumadiski e-hdd.

        • ake sibone ukuthi amadrayivu e-hdd amasha anamaphi

          fdisk -l

        • ake sakhe i-raid array

          mdadm --create /dev/md127 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdc /dev/sdd

        • ake sakhe i-PV entsha ekuhlaseleni kusuka kumadiski amakhulu

          pvcreate data /dev/md127

        • Masidale iqembu kule PV ebizwa ngokuthi idatha

          vgcreate data /dev/md127

        • Masidale ivolumu enengqondo enosayizi waso sonke isikhala esikhululekile futhi siyibize nge-val_log

          lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n var_log data # lvs # посмотрим результат

        • fometha ukwahlukanisa okudaliwe ku-ext4

          mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/data-var_log

        • ake sibone umphumela

          lsblk

          17) dlulisa idatha yelogi isuka esahlukaniseni endala iye kwentsha

          faka okwesikhashana isitoreji selogi entsha

          mount /dev/mapper/data-var_log /mnt

          ake sivumelanise ama-partitions

          apt install rsync
          rsync -avzr /var/log/ /mnt/

          Ake sithole ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo ezisebenzayo ku-/var/log

          apt install lsof
          lsof | grep '/var/log'

          misa lezi zinqubo

          systemctl stop rsyslog.service syslog.socket

          yenza ukuvumelanisa kokugcina kwama-partitions (idatha okungenzeka ishintshile kusukela ekuvunyelanisweni kokugcina)

          rsync -avzr /var/log/ /mnt/

          shintsha izigaba

          umount /mnt
          umount /var/log
          mount /dev/mapper/data-var_log /var/log

          ake sihlole ukuthi kwenzekeni

          lsblk

          18) Hlela /etc/fstab
          fstab - ifayela elirekhoda imithetho okuzofakwa ngayo ukwahlukanisa ekuqaleni
          umsebenzi wethu ukuthola umugqa lapho / var/log ifakwe khona futhi silungise idivayisi system-log on data-var_log

          19) Into ebaluleke kakhulu kulesi sigaba ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukushintsha ithebula le-radela (ext4, isibonelo). Ngoba kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sishintsha kanjani noma yikuphi ukuhlasela, i-lvm, kuze kube yilapho i-FS ekuhlukaniseni yaziswa ukuthi usayizi wokuhlukanisa usushintshile manje, ngeke sikwazi ukusebenzisa isikhala esisha. Sebenzisa umyalo resize2fs ukushintsha i-FS.

          20) Final chord

          • Masiqalise kabusha. Uma wenze konke ngendlela efanele, uzobuyiselwa ku-OS yakho (lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi yonke into iyasebenza. Lesi sinyathelo asinancazelo ngaphandle kokuzihlola)
          • hlola ukuthi konke ebesifuna ukukwenza kwenziwe ngempela:

            pvs
            lvs
            vgs
            lsblk
            cat /proc/mdstat

          21) [NGOKUZITHANDELA] Landela izinyathelo

          • qalisa kabusha ngokucindezela okuthi F12 ukuze ucacise amadrayivu ahlukene lapho uqalisa ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uyakwazi ukuqala
            kusuka kunoma iyiphi idrayivu ye-ssd, ukuze singesabi ukwehluleka komunye wabo
          • manje unelogi ye-LV engadingekile ohlelweni lwe-VG. Nikeza lesi sikhala phakathi kwempande noma i-var, kodwa esikhundleni sokusebenzisa
            imiklamo engu-100% MAHHALA icacisa usayizi ngesandla usebenzisa ukhiye -L:

            -L 500M

          • lungisa inkinga ukuthi / ibhuthi itholakala kuma-partitions amabili ngaphandle kokuvumelanisa, asikho isidingo sokwenza lokhu ngendlela efanele,
            yengezwe lapha njengesibonelo. Ungakhohlwa ukukopisha okuqukethwe kwe /boot ndawana thize kuqala.
            • dala ukuhlasela okusha futhi ufake i-sda1,sda2 kuyo
            • faka lezi zihlukanisi ekuhlaseleni okukhona futhi ubuyisele / uqalise ekuhlaseleni okukhulu, kodwa ngaphandle kokukukhweza.

Source: www.habr.com