Kungenzeka yini ukuhlanganisa iziteshi ze-inthanethi ezimbalwa zibe sinye? Kunemibono eminingi eyiphutha kanye nezinganekwane mayelana nalesi sihloko; ngisho nonjiniyela benethiwekhi abanolwazi ngokuvamile abazi ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlanganiswa kwesixhumanisi kubizwa ngephutha ukulinganisa ezingeni le-NAT noma i-failover. Kodwa ukulinganisa kwangempela kuyakuvumela vula uxhumano olulodwa lwe-TCP ngesikhathi esisodwa kuzo zonke iziteshi ze-inthanethi, ngokwesibonelo, ukusakazwa kwevidiyo ukuze uma noma iziphi iziteshi ze-inthanethi ziphazamiseka, ukusakaza ngeke kuphazamiseke.
Kunezixazululo ezibizayo zezentengiselwano zokusakazwa kwevidiyo, kodwa amadivaysi anjalo abiza ama-kilobucks amaningi. I-athikili ichaza indlela yokumisa iphakheji yamahhala ye-OpenMPTCPRouter yamahhala, yomthombo ovulekile futhi ikhuluma nezinganekwane ezidumile mayelana nokufingqwa kwesiteshi.
Izinganekwane mayelana nesifinyezo sesiteshi
Kunamarutha amaningi asekhaya asekela umsebenzi we-Multi-WAN. Kwesinye isikhathi abakhiqizi babiza lesi sifinyezo sesiteshi, okungelona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Amanethiwekhi amaningi akholelwa ukuthi ngaphezu kwalokho kanye nokufinyezwa ezingeni le-L2, akukho okunye ukuhlanganiswa kwesiteshi okukhona. Sekukaningi ngizwa ukuthi lokhu ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka kubantu abasebenza kwezokuxhumana. Ngakho-ke, ake sizame ukuqonda izinganekwane ezidumile.
Ukulinganisa ezingeni loxhumano lwe-IP
Lena indlela engabizi kakhulu nedumile yokusebenzisa iziteshi ze-inthanethi ezimbalwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukwenza kube lula, ake sicabange ukuthi unabahlinzeki be-inthanethi abathathu, ngamunye ekunikeza ikheli langempela le-IP kunethiwekhi yabo. Bonke laba bahlinzeki baxhunywe kumzila osekela umsebenzi we-Multi-WAN. Lokhu kungaba i-OpenWRT nephakheji ye-mwan3, i-mikrotik, ubiquiti, nanoma iyiphi enye irutha yasendlini, njengoba inketho enjalo ingaseyona engavamile.
Ukuze silingise isimo, ake sicabange ukuthi abahlinzeki basinike amakheli alandelayo:
WAN1 β 11.11.11.11
WAN2 β 22.22.22.22
WAN2 β 33.33.33.33
Okusho ukuthi, ukuxhuma kuseva ekude isibonelo.com Ngomhlinzeki ngamunye, iseva ekude izobona amaklayenti amathathu omthombo ozimele we-IP. Ukulinganisa kukuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise umthwalo kuwo wonke amashaneli futhi uwasebenzise womathathu kanyekanye. Ukwenza kube lula, ake sicabange ukuthi sihlukanisa umthwalo ngokulinganayo phakathi kwawo wonke amashaneli. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho iklayenti livula isayithi elinezithombe ezintathu, lilanda isithombe ngasinye ngomhlinzeki ohlukile. Ohlangothini lwesayithi kubukeka njengokuxhumana okuvela kuma-IP amathathu ahlukene.
Uma ubhalansisa ezingeni lokuxhuma, uxhumano ngalunye lwe-TCP ludlula kumhlinzeki ohlukile.
Le modi yokulinganisa ivamise ukubangela izinkinga kubasebenzisi. Isibonelo, amasayithi amaningi abopha ngokuqinile amakhukhi namathokheni ekhelini le-IP leklayenti, futhi uma lishintsha kungazelelwe, isicelo siyanqatshwa noma iklayenti likhishwe ngaphandle kwesayithi. Lokhu kuvame ukukhiqizwa kabusha ezinhlelweni zamabhange ekhasimende nakwamanye amasayithi anemithetho eqinile yeseshini yomsebenzisi. Nasi isibonelo esilula esingokomfanekiso: amafayela omculo ku-VK.com atholakala kuphela ngokhiye weseshini ovumelekile, oboshelwe ku-IP, futhi amaklayenti asebenzisa lokho kulinganisa ngokuvamile awawudlali umsindo ngenxa yokuthi isicelo asizange sidlule kumhlinzeki aye kuye. iseshini iboshiwe.
Lapho ulanda izifufula, ukulinganisa kwezinga lokuxhumana kufingqa umkhawulokudonsa wazo zonke iziteshi
Lokhu kulinganisa kukuvumela ukuthi uthole ukufinyezwa kwejubane lesiteshi se-inthanethi lapho usebenzisa ukuxhumana okuningi. Isibonelo, uma abahlinzeki abathathu ngamunye enesivinini esingu-100 Megabits, lapho-ke silanda izifufula sizothola ama-Megabits angu-300. Ngoba isifufula sivula izixhumanisi eziningi, ezisatshalaliswa kubo bonke abahlinzeki futhi ekugcineni zisebenzise sonke isiteshi.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uxhumano olulodwa lwe-TCP luzohlala ludlula kumhlinzeki oyedwa kuphela. Okusho ukuthi, uma silanda ifayela elilodwa elikhulu nge-HTTP, khona-ke lokhu kuxhumana kuzokwenziwa ngomunye wabahlinzeki, futhi uma uxhumano nalo mhlinzeki luphukile, ukulanda kuzophinde kuphule.
Ukuxhumana okukodwa kuzohlale kusebenzisa isiteshi se-inthanethi esisodwa kuphela
Lokhu kuyiqiniso nasekusakazweni kwevidiyo. Uma usakaza ividiyo esakazwayo kolunye uhlobo lwe-Twitch enemibandela, ukulinganisa ezingeni loxhumo lwe-IP ngeke kunikeze noma iyiphi inzuzo ethile, njengoba ukusakazwa kwevidiyo kuzosakazwa ngaphakathi koxhumano lwe-IP olulodwa. Kulokhu, uma umhlinzeki we-WAN 3 eqala ukuba nezinkinga ngokuxhumana, njengokulahlekelwa kwephakethe noma isivinini esincishisiwe, lapho-ke ngeke ukwazi ukushintshela komunye umhlinzeki ngokushesha. Ukusakaza kuzodingeka kumiswe futhi kuxhunywe kabusha.
Isifinyezo sesiteshi sangempela
Ukufingqa kwangempela kwesiteshi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa ukuxhumana okukodwa ku-Twitch enemibandela ngabo bonke abahlinzeki ngesikhathi esisodwa ngendlela yokuthi uma noma yimuphi wabahlinzeki ephuka, ukuxhumana ngeke kuphazamiseke. Lena inkinga enzima ngokumangalisayo namanje engenaso isixazululo esiphelele. Abantu abaningi abazi nokuthi lokhu kungenzeka!
Kusukela emifanekisweni yangaphambilini, sikhumbula ukuthi iseva ye-Twitch enemibandela ingathola ukusakazwa kwevidiyo okuvela kithi kusuka ekhelini le-IP lomthombo owodwa kuphela, okusho ukuthi kufanele kuhlale kuhlala njalo kithi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yibaphi abahlinzeki abawile nokuthi yibaphi abasebenzayo. Ukufeza lokhu, sidinga iseva yokufingqa ezonqamula konke ukuxhumana kwethu futhi ikuhlanganise kube yinto eyodwa.
Iseva yokufingqa ihlanganisa zonke iziteshi zibe umhubhe owodwa. Konke ukuxhumana kuvela ekhelini leseva yokufingqa
Kulolu hlelo, bonke abahlinzeki bayasetshenziswa, futhi ukukhubaza noma yimuphi wabo ngeke kubangele ukulahleka kokuxhumana neseva ye-Twitch. Empeleni, lona umhubhe okhethekile we-VPN, ngaphansi kwehood lapho kuneziteshi eziningi ze-inthanethi ngasikhathi sinye. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wohlelo olunjalo ukuthola isiteshi sokuxhumana esiseqophelweni eliphezulu. Uma omunye wabahlinzeki eqala ukuba nezinkinga, ukulahlekelwa amaphakethe, ukubambezeleka okwandayo, ngakho-ke lokhu akufanele kuthinte izinga lokuxhumana nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngoba umthwalo uzosakazwa ngokuzenzakalelayo phezu kwezinye, iziteshi ezingcono ezitholakalayo.
Izixazululo Zezohwebo
Le nkinga kade ikhathaza labo abasakaza imicimbi ebukhoma futhi abangakwazi ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi yezinga eliphezulu. Kuleyo misebenzi, kunezixazululo ezimbalwa zezohwebo, ngokwesibonelo, inkampani iTeradek yenza ama-routers asabekayo lapho amaphakethe amamodemu e-USB afakwa kuwo:
Irutha yokusakaza kwevidiyo enomsebenzi wokufinyeza wesiteshi
Amadivayisi anjalo ngokuvamile anekhono elakhelwe ngaphakathi lokuthwebula amasiginali wevidiyo nge-HDMI noma nge-SDI. Kanye nerutha, ukubhaliswa kwensizakalo yokufinyezwa kwesiteshi kuyathengiswa, kanye nokucubungula ukusakazwa kwevidiyo, ukukudlulisa amakhodi futhi kudluliselwe phambili. Intengo yamadivayisi anjalo iqala ku-$2k ngesethi yamamodemu, kanye nokubhaliselwe okuhlukile kwesevisi.
Kwesinye isikhathi kubonakala kuthusa kakhulu:
Isetha i-OpenMPTCProuter
Isivumelwano (I-MultiPath TCP) yasungulwa ukuze ikwazi ukuxhuma ngeziteshi ezimbalwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, eyakhe futhi ingaxhuma ngesikhathi esisodwa kuseva ekude nge-WiFi nangenethiwekhi yeselula. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lokhu akukona ukuxhumana okubili okuhlukene kwe-TCP, kodwa kunalokho ukuxhumana okukodwa okusungulwe eziteshini ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuze lokhu kusebenze, iseva ekude kufanele isekele i-MPTCP nayo.
iphrojekthi yomzila wesofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile evumela ukufinyezwa kwangempela kwesiteshi. Ababhali bathi iphrojekthi ikusimo senguqulo ye-alpha, kodwa isingasetshenziswa kakade. Iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili - iseva yokufingqa, etholakala ku-intanethi kanye ne-router, lapho abahlinzeki be-intanethi abambalwa kanye namadivayisi weklayenti ngokwabo axhunyiwe: amakhompyutha, amafoni. Irutha yangokwezifiso ingaba i-Raspberry Pi, amanye amarutha e-WiFi, noma ikhompuyutha evamile. Kukhona imihlangano eseyenziwe ngomumo yamapulatifomu ahlukahlukene, okuyinto elula kakhulu.
Isebenza kanjani i-OpenMPTCProuter
Isetha iseva yokufingqa
Iseva yokufingqa itholakala ku-inthanethi futhi inqamula ukuxhumana kuwo wonke amashaneli erutha yeklayenti ibe eyodwa. Ikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi lale seva kuzoba yikheli langaphandle lapho ufinyelela i-inthanethi nge-OpenMPTCProuter.
Kulo msebenzi sizosebenzisa iseva ye-VPS ku-Debian 10.
Izimfuneko zeseva yokufinyeza:
- I-MPTCP ayisebenzi ku-OpenVZ virtualization
- Kufanele kwenzeke ukufaka eyakho i-Linux kernel
Iseva isetshenziswa ngokwenza umyalo owodwa. Umbhalo uzofaka i-kernel ngokusekelwa kwe-mptcp nawo wonke amaphakheji adingekayo. Imibhalo yokufaka iyatholakala ku-Ubuntu ne-Debian.
wget -O - http://www.openmptcprouter.com/server/debian10-x86_64.sh | sh
Umphumela wokufakwa kweseva ngempumelelo.
Sigcina amaphasiwedi, sizowadinga ukuze silungiselele umzila weklayenti, futhi siqalise kabusha. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngemva kokufaka, i-SSH izotholakala ku-port 65222. Ngemva kokuqalisa kabusha, sidinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi siqale nge-kernel entsha.
uname -a
Linux test-server.local 4.19.67-mptcp
Sibona umbhalo we-mptcp eduze kwenombolo yenguqulo, okusho ukuthi i-kernel ifakwe kahle.
Isetha irutha yeklayenti
In izakhiwo esezilungile ziyatholakala kwezinye izinkundla, njengeRaspberry Pi, Banana Pi, Lynksys routers nemishini ebonakalayo.
Le ngxenye ye-openmptcprouter isekelwe ku-OpenWRT, isebenzisa i-LuCI njengesixhumi esibonakalayo, esijwayelekile kunoma ubani owake wahlangabezana ne-OpenWRT. Ukusabalalisa kunesisindo esingaba ngu-50MB!
Njengebhentshi lokuhlola, ngizosebenzisa i-Raspberry Pi namamodemu amaningana e-USB anama-opharetha ahlukene: i-MTS neMegafon. Angicabangi ukuthi ngidinga ukukutshela ukuthi usibhala kanjani isithombe ekhadini le-SD.
Ekuqaleni, imbobo ye-Ethernet ku-Raspberry Pi ilungiswa njenge-lan enekheli le-IP elimile. 192.168.100.1. Ukuze ngigweme ukudlala ngezintambo edeskini, ngixhume i-Raspberry Pi endaweni yokufinyelela ye-WiFi ngase ngimisa i-adaptha ye-WiFi yekhompyutha ekhelini elimile. 192.168.100.2. Iseva ye-DHCP ayivunyelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngakho-ke kufanele usebenzise amakheli amile.
Manje usungakwazi ukungena esibonakalayo sewebhu
Uma ungena okokuqala, uhlelo luzokucela ukuthi usethe impande yephasiwedi; I-SSH izotholakala ngephasiwedi efanayo.
Kuzilungiselelo ze-LAN, ungasetha i-subnet oyifunayo bese uvula iseva ye-DHCP.
Ngisebenzisa amamodemu achazwa njengezixhumi ezibonakalayo ze-USB Ethernet ezineseva ehlukile ye-DHCP, ngakho lokhu kudinga ukufakwa . Inqubo iyafana nokusetha amamodemu ku-OpenWRT evamile, ngakho-ke ngeke ngiyihlanganise lapha.
Okulandelayo udinga ukumisa izixhumi ezibonakalayo ze-WAN. Ekuqaleni, isistimu yakha izixhumanisi ezimbili ezibonakalayo ze-WAN1 ne-WAN2. Badinga ukunikezwa idivayisi ephathekayo, esimweni sami lawa amagama ezixhumanisi zemodemu ye-USB.
Ukuze ugweme ukudideka ngamagama esibonakalayo, ngincoma ukubuka imilayezo ye-dmesg ngenkathi uxhuma nge-SSH.
Njengoba amamodemu ami ngokwawo esebenza njengama-routers, futhi ngokwawo aneseva ye-DHCP, kwadingeka ngishintshe izilungiselelo zobubanzi benethiwekhi yabo yangaphakathi futhi ngikhubaze iseva ye-DHCP, ngoba ekuqaleni kokubili amamodemu akhipha amakheli kunethiwekhi efanayo, futhi lokhu kubangela ukungqubuzana.
I-OpenMPTCProuter idinga ukuthi amakheli okuxhumana we-WAN amile, ngakho-ke siqhamuka nama-subnet amamodemu futhi siwalungiselele ohlelweni β openmptcprouter β imenyu yezilungiselelo zesixhumi esibonakalayo. Lapha udinga ukucacisa ikheli le-IP kanye nokhiye weseva otholwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa kweseva yokufingqa.
Uma ukusetha kuphumelele, isithombe esifanayo kufanele sivele ekhasini lesimo. Kungabonakala ukuthi i-router ikwazile ukufinyelela iseva yokufingqa futhi zombili iziteshi zisebenza ngokujwayelekile.
Imodi ezenzakalelayo ithi shadowsocks + mptcp. Lona ummeleli ohlanganisa konke ukuxhumana ngaphakathi kwawo. Ilungiselelwe ekuqaleni ukuthi icubungule i-TCP kuphela, kodwa i-UDP nayo inganikwa amandla.
Uma kungekho amaphutha ekhasini lesimo, ukusetha kungathathwa njengokuqediwe.
Ngabahlinzeki abathile, isimo singase sivele lapho ifulegi le-mptcp linqanyulwa endleleni yethrafikhi, bese kuvela iphutha elilandelayo:
Kulokhu, ungasebenzisa imodi yokusebenza ehlukile, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-MPTCP, okwengeziwe ngalokhu .
isiphetho
Iphrojekthi ye-OpenMPTCProuter iyathakazelisa kakhulu futhi ibalulekile, njengoba mhlawumbe iyona kuphela isixazululo esibanzi esivulekile senkinga yokufinyezwa kwesiteshi. Yonke enye into ivalwe ngokuqinile futhi ingokobunikazi, noma imane ihlukanise amamojula umuntu ojwayelekile angeke awaqonde. Esigabeni samanje sentuthuko, iphrojekthi isakhohlakele, imibhalo imbi kakhulu, izinto eziningi azichazwanga. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kusasebenza. Ngithemba ukuthi izoqhubeka nokuthuthuka, futhi sizothola ama-routers asekhaya azokwazi ukuhlanganisa kahle iziteshi ngaphandle kwebhokisi.
Landela unjiniyela wethu ku-Instagram
Source: www.habr.com