Cishe eminyakeni emine edlule saqala ukuklama isistimu ye-imeyili entsha esabalalisiwe, i-Mailion, eklanyelwe ukuxhumana kwezinkampani. Isixazululo sethu sakhelwe ekwakhiweni kwe-Cloud Native microservice, siyakwazi ukusebenza nabasebenzisi abangaphezu kwe-1 ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi sizolungela ukumboza u-000% wezidingo zezinkampani ezinkulu.
Ngesikhathi somsebenzi ku-Mailion, iqembu liye lakhula izikhathi eziningana, futhi manje cishe abathuthukisi be-70 bahileleke emkhiqizweni. Sesihambe ibanga elide ukusuka embonweni nasezifanekisweni zokuqala ukuya esigabeni sokuhlola inguqulo yezohwebo. Isikhathi sokutshela u-Habr mayelana nokuthi hlobo luni lomkhiqizo esiwenzayo, indlela isistimu yethu yemeyili ehlelwe futhi isebenza ngayo, isiphi isitaki sobuchwepheshe esisisebenzisayo nokuthi kungani isixazululo sethu siyikusasa lokuxhumana kwezinkampani. Asambe!
Habr, sawubona! Igama lami ngingu-Anton Gerasimov, ngihola umnyango wezokuthuthukiswa esikhungweni sokuthuthukiswa kwenkampani saseMoscow . Namuhla sithanda ukwethula i-Mailion, uhlelo olusha ngokuyisisekelo lwe-imeyili olusezingeni lebhizinisi laseRussia oluzoba enye indlela efanelekile yezixazululo ezidumile zakwamanye amazwe. I-Mailion inomthamo omkhulu wokulayisha, ukukala okungakaze kubonwe kanye nokubekezelela amaphutha, futhi idinga ukunakwa okuncane okuvela kubaphathi bohlelo.
Njengamanje intuthuko yethu isesigabeni se-beta, kodwa maduze nje, ngokohlelo lwethu, ekupheleni kuka-2020, izoba ukuqaliswa kokuhlolwa komkhiqizo wezohwebo.
Ngokwengxenye enkulu, lesi sihloko siqukethe ulwazi olujwayelekile - akunakwenzeka ukukhuluma ngomkhiqizo wesofthiwe oyinkimbinkimbi encwadini eyodwa. Ngihlela ukwenza uchungechunge lwezihloko ezikhuluma ngobuchwepheshe obubalulekile. Okwamanje, ukuze kube lula kuwe, ngikunikeza okuqukethwe okulandelayo:
Iyini isistimu ye-imeyili yebhizinisi?
Impendulo elula nesobala yalo mbuzo iyithuluzi le-imeyili nekhalenda. Kodwa udeveli, njengoba sazi, usemininingwaneni.
Ngakho-ke, sakha isizukulwane esisha semeyili esinemisebenzi yokuhlela ethuthukisiwe, ehloselwe ingxenye yebhizinisi nezinkampani ezinkulu. Sihlose ukusebenzisana nezinhlaka ezinkulu zezohwebo kanye nezikahulumeni, ezingaba nemisebenzi esukela ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-30 kuye kwezingamakhulu ambalwa.
Uhlelo lwethu lusekelwe kumgomo wesisombululo senkundla. Sakha phezu komqondo Wezokuxhumana Ezihlanganisiwe futhi sinikeza ithuluzi elilodwa lokusebenza ngemeyili, ikhalenda namadokhumenti ngaphakathi kwesistimu eyodwa, elinamandla okwandisa ukusebenza kwesixazululo ngokuxhuma amamojula nezingxenye ezengeziwe. Izandiso, ngendlela, zingathuthukiswa yithi kuphela, kodwa futhi nabalingani bethu. Ngale njongo, kuzoshicilelwa ikhithi yamathuluzi ebanzi ye-SDK.
Ubani odinga enye i-imeyili futhi ngani?
Amabhizinisi amakhulu enze inkambiso ethokozisayo - amabhizinisi ahlangabezana nesidingo semisebenzi yokubambisana. Asikhulumi nje kuphela ngokusebenzisana okuqondile phakathi kwabasebenzi ngokuthumela okuthile, kodwa mayelana nokufinyelela okwabiwe kumabhokisi eposi kanye nama-akhawunti adlala indima ethile, ikhono lokusebenza namaqembu amakhulu ababambiqhaza kanye nokuba khona kwemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yezinkampani.
Umsebenzi ojwayelekile webhizinisi uyindlela yokukhumbula izinhlamvu, edume kakhulu ezinkampanini ezinkulu, kodwa empeleni ayisetshenziswa engxenyeni ye-B2C noma emabhizinisini amancane. Into ewukuthi phakathi kwamaqembu amancane abasebenzisi amathuba okuba nesidingo esinjalo avele mancane kakhulu, futhi izindleko zephutha zincane kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunakwenzeka ukwenza lo msebenzi ngaphandle kwesistimu yemeyili yebhizinisi - ngisho ne-Google mail ayikhumbuli izinhlamvu ngendlela abasebenzisi be-Exchange abayijwayele. Umsuka wenkinga usekuklanyweni kwamaphrothokholi e-imeyili kusukela kuma-80s wekhulunyaka eledlule.
Senze inqwaba yamaqembu okugxilwe kuwo, sahlola amakhulukhulu abasebenzisi, futhi sachitha izinkulungwane zamahora omuntu sikhomba izimo zokusetshenziswa kwe-imeyili ezijwayelekile. Lokhu kusivumele ukuthi sifunde ngokucophelela izidingo zabasebenzisi bethu abangase babe nezici zezinqubo zebhizinisi labo. Ngokusekelwe kudatha etholiwe, sinqume ukuthuthukisa i-architecture ezosivumela ukuthi silinganisele kuvolumu yomthwalo odingekayo uma kudingeka. Ngokombono wethu, akukho mkhawulo nhlobo, kodwa okwamanje siyaqonda ukuthi singaqinisekisa kanjani umsebenzi wezinkampani eziqasha abasebenzisi abayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ambalwa.
Yini ecashe ngaphansi kwesivalo
Umkhiqizo wethu uhlanganisa isisombululo se-imeyili, ithuluzi lokuhlela ikhalenda, incwadi yamakheli, kanye nokubuka amadokhumenti okusebenzisana okusekelwe kusixazululo sethu se-MyOffice sokusebenza ngamadokhumenti.
Njengoba sikhuluma ngesisombululo sezinga lebhizinisi, ingxenye ebalulekile yemeyili yebhizinisi iphinde ibe uhlelo olugcwele lokusesha. Isixazululo sethu siyakwazi ukwenza ukusesha kwe-morphological ekupheleni kuya ekupheleni kuzo zonke izingxenye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lonke uhlelo lwemeyili lusekelwe endaweni yalo yokugcina, nayo elungiselelwe ukubambisana.
Yimuphi umehluko phakathi kwezinhlelo zemeyili ye-MyOffice?
Umfundi we-Habr osevele waba nesipiliyoni sokusebenza nezixazululo ze-MyOffice uyazi ukuthi imikhiqizo yokuthengisa ihlanganisa "I-MyOffice Mail". Futhi umbuzo ophakamayo - imuphi umehluko ovela ohlelweni lwe-imeyili yenkampani i-Mailion, iqembu lami elisebenze kulo?
Thina kwa-MyOffice sinqume ukuthi ukuze sihlangabezane nezidingo zezinkampani ezinosayizi abahlukene, kuyadingeka ukwakha amasistimu ama-imeyili asezingeni lebhizinisi amabili. Umkhiqizo we-MyOffice Mail uhloselwe izinhlangano lapho inani labasebenzisi lifinyelela ezinkulungwaneni noma amashumi ambalwa ezinkulungwane. Ngezakhiwo ezinkudlwana, kuhle kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-Mailion - umkhiqizo omusha we-MyOffice, owakhiwe phezu kwe-Cloud Native microservice architecture futhi onekhono elingakaze libonwe lokukala nokubekezelela amaphutha.
Lapho ukhetha imikhiqizo, amaklayenti adinga ukunquma kusenesikhathi ngesu lentuthuko eyengeziwe yenkampani yawo. Kunoma iyiphi inhlangano, ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-imeyili kuwumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi wephrojekthi ongafaki ukususa ngokushesha isisombululo esisodwa nesinye. Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu bomthwalo obungase bube khona, ukubekezelela amaphutha kanye nezindlela zokuziphulukisa, kanye nesici sokusabalalisa indawo kufanele kucatshangelwe kusengaphambili.
Amasistimu we-imeyili we-MyOffice amabili ahluke kakhulu. Akhiwa kusetshenziswa izitaki zobuchwepheshe ezihlukene, futhi amathuluzi esistimu ngayinye akhethwa ngokuvumelana nezinjongo nezinjongo zengxenye lapho uhlelo lwemeyili luzosetshenziswa khona. Sinombono ovamile womkhiqizo walokho okufanele kube khona ezinhlelweni zemeyili, kanye nokuvumelanisa ezindleleni zokuklama. Kodwa lena imikhiqizo emibili eyenzelwe izethameli ezahlukene zabasebenzisi.
Yiziphi izinselele abathuthukisi ababhekana nazo?
Okunye embhalweni ngizokhuluma kuphela ngohlelo olusha lwemeyili yenkampani iMailion.
Senze ucwaningo olunzulu futhi sahlaziya izinzuzo nezinkinga zezixazululo ezikhona ze-imeyili. Okuhlangenwe nakho okuqoqiwe kochwepheshe bethu, esikhathini esidlule ababehileleke ngokuqondile ekudalweni kwezinhlelo zomthwalo ophezulu, kwasivumela ukuba sithole ngokushesha iphuzu eliyinhloko lobuhlungu lanoma yimuphi umkhiqizo owaziwayo - ukusebenza kwe-disk input and output operations (IO) .
Singasho ukuthi umsebenzi wokusheshisa ukusebenza kwe-IO ube yinselelo enkulu esibhekane nayo. Kwakudingeka ukuthi sigxile ekuxazululeni izinkinga zethu ezithile futhi saqala ukwakha nokuthuthukisa uhlelo lwethu olusha lwedatha kanambambili. Le ndlela inengxenye yezomnotho esobala kakhulu - asidingi ukugcina idatha kuphela, kodwa futhi nokwenza imisebenzi eminingi yokufaka nokukhipha idiski.
Lesi sinqumo asenziwanga kalula. Sifunde imikhiqizo eminingi esezingeni lebhizinisi okuhloswe ngayo ukugcina imininingwane, futhi asikwazanga ukuthola noma yini eseyilungile futhi elungele izidingo zethu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, asidingi ukugcina idatha kuphela, kodwa futhi nokusebenza nayo njalo, futhi hhayi kwimodi ekhethekile ngokufinyelela kumsebenzisi oyedwa, kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamashumi ezinkulungwane zabasebenzisi.
Ngakho-ke, sinqume ukuthi umbandela webhizinisi obaluleke kakhulu kithi usebenza ngamavolumu amakhulu wedatha.
Ukuthembeka
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu akuwona umbuzo ongaka wokugcina njengomsebenzi wokucubungula nokufinyelela ngokushesha kulolu lwazi. Kudingeka ukuqinisekisa izinkomba zokuthembeka okuphezulu - isikhathi sokusebenza esiqhubekayo sesixazululo sonke kufanele sibe sezingeni lika-99,9%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lwemeyili kufanele luzimele ekwenzeni izinqumo ezifanele mayelana nokucubungula ukwenqaba. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho singaqinisekisa ukungabikho kokwehluleka okungakhubaza izinqubo zebhizinisi zenkampani ethile.
ukubekezelelana kwamaphutha
Sisebenze ngesethi yezinyathelo ezisetshenziswa engxenyeni ngayinye kanye nezindlela ezikhethiwe zokuqinisekisa ukubekezelelwa kwamaphutha. Ikakhulukazi, uhlelo lwemeyili yebhizinisi lusebenzisa ukucutshungulwa kwekhoramu yedatha, ukubhukha izinsizakalo kanye nokulawula ukungabikho kwezifunda zabo, kanye nezindlela zalo zokuthola umzila nokusekelwa kwekhoramu ngokusekelwe ekuvumelaneni.
Umbandela wokubekezelela amaphutha aphezulu ubukhona bezindlela zokuzihlola engxenyeni ngayinye. I-Mailion ihlale ihlaziya ukuthi ngabe lokhu noma lowo msebenzi wenziwa ngendlela efanele noma ngokungalungile, ukuthi lokhu noma lelo bhulokhi lisebenza ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kungenye yezindlela zokuzilapha uhlelo uma kwenzeka lwehluleka. Ulwazi akufanele ilahleke, isisombululo kufanele ekugcineni sifinyelele esimweni esingaguquki.
Kufanele uqonde ukuthi akwenzeki ukubona kusengaphambili zonke izehlakalo ezenzeka empilweni - awukwazi ukukhohlisa i-physics. Kodwa sinamathela ezindleleni zokuklama ezinjalo ezisivumela ukuthi sikhulume ngezinga eliphezulu ngokuzethemba mayelana nokuphathwa okulungile kwezingozi zamaphethini athile. Futhi sineqembu elikhulu lokuhlola elihlala lizama ukuphula okuthile emkhiqizweni. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi bayaphumelela. Leli qiniso lidala isigameko, esisifunda ngokuningiliziwe futhi, ngesisekelo salo, sakha indlela entsha yokuqeda lolu hlobo lwenkinga.
Indlela uhlelo olusabela ngayo ezingozini
Imakethe ivame ukubuza umbuzo - kuzokwenzekani ohlelweni uma ngokuzumayo ilahlekelwa ukuxhumana nenye yezindawo zayo? Lesi sicelo sibalulekile uma uhlela ukusebenzisa isisombululo esatshalaliswa ngokwezindawo.
Lapho uklama ukufakwa okunjalo, kuyadingeka ukucabangela izidingo zekhasimende kanye nesethi yakhe yenqubo yokuthembeka. Kuyiphutha ukukholelwa ukuthi ukuxhumeka kunethiwekhi yedatha kuyafana yonke indawo. Ezinhlelweni zebhizinisi, kubalulekile ukucabangela ngisho nesivinini sesiginali ngokusebenzisa i-fiber optical.
Uma ikhasimende linezidingo eziphezulu zokuthembeka, khona-ke sizoncoma ukufakwa ezikhungweni zedatha eziningana, ezizoxhunywa ngemigqa yokuxhumana ezinikele.
Kodwa-ke, isimo sokunqanyulwa kukagesi ngokuphelele kwenye yezindawo zesistimu yeposi ngeke sikhishwe. Kulokhu, ukusebenza nedatha eyinhloko yale ngxenye izoma, kodwa izingxenye ezisele zizosebenza njengokungathi akwenzekanga lutho. Uhlelo luzokwazisa abaphathi ukuthi indawo ilahlekile, futhi abasebenzi kuzodingeka bathathe izinyathelo ezifanele.
Futhi, isistimu yethu yemeyili ingalungiselelwa ngendlela yokuthi ukubhukha kwenzeke ngaphakathi kwesikhungo sedatha. Le ndlela izoqinisekisa ukusebenza uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa ama-node amaningana ngaphakathi kwesikhungo sedatha, futhi akekho ozobona ukulahlekelwa enye yama-node - ngaphandle, ngokuqinisekile, uhlelo lokuqapha. Uma kwenzeka isenzakalo esinjalo, umthwalo uvele usabalaliswe kabusha. Ngakho-ke, lapho uklama uhlelo lwemeyili, kubalulekile ukucabangela umkhawulo - zingaki futhi yiziphi izingxenye ezingase "zilahlekele" engozini.
Ukuzimela
Azikho izinhlelo ezinokwethenjelwa ngokuphelele, futhi ukwehluleka, ngandlela thile noma enye, kungenzeka. Ngakho-ke, lapho uklama uhlelo lwe-imeyili, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ikhono lokufaka ngokushesha ukwehluleka kwendawo, okuzovumela ukuba kuqedwe phakathi nenkathi ethile ye-SLA. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehluleka kufanele kulungiswe uhlelo ngokuzimela, kuyilapho kunciphisa ukungenelela kwabaphathi besistimu nezinsizakalo zokusebenza.
Ukusebenza okulula
Yiqiniso, izinhlelo ezinkulu azikwazi kodwa zidinga ukunakwa kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshwe kakhulu. Kodwa esinye sezici esizicabangelayo lapho siklama ukuthi isistimu kufanele ibe lula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ingadingi amakhono ahlukile.
Ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho
Yiqiniso, ukusebenza nanoma yiziphi izinhlelo zezinkampani ezinjalo, ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi kuyadingeka - phela, sikhuluma ngezinga elikhulu ngempela. Ngakho-ke, lapho sidala umkhiqizo wethu, sigxile ekwehliseni izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi besistimu. Kunoma yiliphi ibhizinisi, kubalulekile ukuqapha ukusebenza kahle kokusebenzisa imali futhi ulwele ukugwema ukuthela imali ngokungapheli ezindlekweni zokusebenza.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwezindawo
Ukuze kuzuzwe izimiso engikhulume ngazo ngaphambili, uhlelo kufanele lusatshalaliswe ngokuphelele - indlela emaphakathi ihlale inqunyelwe izimo zokusetshenziswa kwehardware.
Yiqiniso, ungathenga iseva eyodwa enkulu bese uzama ukufaka zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza namasevisi kuyo. Kodwa uma uhlelo lukhudlwana, umklamo wonke uba yinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukwethembeka kohlelo olunjalo kuncipha kancane kancane - ngemva kwakho konke, iseva eyodwa isho iphuzu elilodwa lokuhluleka. Futhi lapho sibeka umsebenzi endaweni eyodwa, yilapho sincika kakhulu kuleli phuzu eliyinhloko.
Izidingo zesistimu
Uma sikhuluma ngezinhlelo zama-imeyili ezinkampani eziyinkimbinkimbi, sidinga ukuqonda ukuthi ayikho into efana “nokulungiselelwa okuncane kokusebenza.” Isisekelo sanoma yikuphi ukuqaliswa okukhulu sihlala siwumsebenzi wokuklama ongathi sína. Ikuvumela ukuthi uhlobanise izidingo zebhizinisi elithile kanye nokucushwa okuphelele kwesistimu yemeyili.
Isistimu ye-imeyili yenkampani iyithuluzi eliguquguqukayo elingacushwa ngokuya ngenani elikhulu lamapharamitha. Senza ukuhlola umthwalo sisebenzisa indlela yethu yokwenza, esivumela ukuthi silingise umthwalo ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwemibandela eyisisekelo eyishumi nambili kanye namakhulu ambalwa angenzeka.
Singasho ukuthi lapho ulungiselela iphrojekthi yokuqaliswa, yizibalo ezizobonisa ukushuba komsebenzi wabasebenzisi ezinqubweni zebhizinisi ezikhona zenhlangano. Kulesi simo, imingcele eminingi yokufaka ihlaziywa, futhi kuye ngokuthi umthwalo ongase ube khona, isinqumo senziwe ngenani elidingekayo lamandla we-computing - kusuka kukhompyutha eyodwa kuya ekamelweni lonke lekhompyutha.
Ngakho-ke, ukukhuluma ngokucushwa okuncane akulungile ngokuphelele. Ikakhulukazi, siphinde sibe nendawo yokubonisa esebenza emshinini owodwa nje. Kodwa siyaqonda ukuthi ukusebenza engxenyeni yezinkampani kudinga ukufakwa emishinini eminingi ngisho namakhulukhulu.
Isitaki sobuchwepheshe
Lapho sidala imikhiqizo, sinaka ngokukhethekile ukuhlanzeka okunelayisensi yekhodi. I-MyOffice isungule futhi isebenzisa amazinga aphezulu, adinga ukuthi sizimele sithuthukise imikhiqizo ngokuphelele, ngokubandakanyeka okuncane kwekhodi yangaphandle.
Ikhodi eningi ye-Mailion ingeyethu, ikhodi esingabanikazi bayo ngokugcwele futhi esingayishintsha futhi siyilungise uma kudingeka. Iningi lekhodi yesistimu yethu ye-imeyili ibhalwe endlini ku-Go (Golang). Ngaphandle kokuthi Go, sisebenzisa i-C++ kanye ne-Java Script ES6 engxenyeni yewebhu.
Ama-5% asele yilawo abizwa ngokuthi “izingxenye ezinzima”, njengemininingwane yolwazi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-RethinkDB, i-ArangoDB ne-Redis. Phakathi kobuchwepheshe obubalulekile, ngizophinde ngiphawule i-gRPC - isistimu yokushaya ucingo yenqubo ekude, esetshenziswa njengendlela eyodwa yokuxhumana nge-API, lokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile.
Uquketheni umkhiqizo?
Isistimu ye-imeyili yebhizinisi ayiyona "iseva endaweni engenalutho." Umkhiqizo wethu uhlanganisa izingxenye ezingaba ngu-70 kanye nezinsizakalo ezingu-45 ezigcina isistimu yemeyili. Zonke lezi zici zibhalwe “kusuka ekuqaleni” futhi ziwukuthuthuka kwe-MyOffice.
Ingxenye ephawuleka kakhulu yesistimu i-server complex, ehlinzeka ngesitoreji, i-mail, ikhalenda nezinhlelo zokusesha, kanye neklayenti lewebhu. Siphinde sakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbalwa zabasebenzisi futhi sihlela ukunikeza abasebenzisi bethu "amaklayenti amancane" amasha ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe beklayenti lethu lewebhu ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwezentengiso.
Ukuhambisana nezinhlelo zemeyili
I-Mailion isebenza kusetshenziswa amaphrothokholi ajwayelekile. Ukuze uqale ukusebenzisa isisombululo sethu, udinga kuphela ukulungisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zeklayenti futhi uqhubeke nokusebenza nazo endaweni yakho evamile. Isibonelo, ungasebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lweklayenti olufakwe kumkhiqizo we-MyOffice Mail.
Futhi, ukuze kube lula kubasebenzisi bethu, sidale i-plugin ekhethekile ehlinzeka ngoshintsho olungenamthungo olusuka ku-Exchange. Ngosizo lwayo, abasebenzisi bazokwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ne-MS Outlook lapho beshintsha iseva yemeyili - ngeke baqaphele nokuthi kukhona okushintshile ekusebenzelaneni kwabo okujwayelekile namathuluzi okuxhumana. Le plugin ikuvumela ukuthi udlulise ngokushelela abasebenzisi ohlelweni lweposi lwangaphambilini, ngaphandle kokumisa umsebenzi wenhlangano yonke. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma udinga ukushintsha amathuluzi ukuze ukhonze amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabasebenzisi.
Ukuphatha kalula
Okukhethekile kwesistimu yethu yemeyili yebhizinisi ukuthi idinga ukubamba iqhaza okuncane kakhulu kwabaphathi. Lapho siklama, sizame ukuthola ibhalansi phakathi kokuthi kungenzeka ukwenza ngokwezifiso nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kokuphatha. Ukuze sifinyelele lokhu, kwakudingeka senze ucwaningo oluningi emaphethini okuziphatha kwabaphathi bezinhlelo zezinkampani eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ithimba lethu liqukethe, njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, ochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe kakhulu - ngamunye wabo unolwazi oluqinile lokuphatha. Ngakho-ke, lapho sithuthukisa isistimu, sizame ukudlulisela ulwazi lwabo ezidingweni zabasebenzisi lapho siphatha umkhiqizo oyinkimbinkimbi. Ngamanye amazwi, ngokwazi ngezinkinga ezingaba khona, sinikeze izindlela zokuzixazulula ezingeni le-architectural design.
Isibonelo,
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye zesistimu ezitsheni kunikezwa, okuhlanganisa nezingqalasizinda - lokhu kusisiza ukuthi sikhulise izinga lokuphepha, silungiselele ngokuguquguqukayo ukufinyelela phakathi kwezingxenye, futhi kusivumela ukuba sihlanganise ngokushesha izinto ezintsha ezidingwa ibhizinisi ohlwini lwamasistimu namapulatifomu asekelwe;
- indlela ebumbene yokuthuthukisa nokusatshalaliswa, ifomethi eyodwa yokumisa yazo zonke izingxenye ifaka isandla ekusebenzeni okucacile nokusebenza kahle kakhulu nokunciphisa izindleko zokusekela;
- isifaki sakho sesistimu, esisekelwe kumathuluzi ajwayelekile okuthunyelwa, sikuvumela ukuthi uphathe ukufakwa phakathi nendawo, ngokuguquguqukayo nangokucacile;
i-microservice architecture enokwehlukaniswa okucacile kwezibopho zengqondo yebhizinisi phakathi kwezinsizakalo kusiza ukuqonda uhlelo lokusebenza lwesistimu futhi inikeze ukusekelwa ngempumelelo kakhudlwana; - ingxenye yengqalasizinda yesistimu isekelwe ezisombululweni ezijwayelekile, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezingcono kakhulu, futhi ivumela ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo ezikhona ebhizinisini, okwenza kube lula ukugunyazwa kohlelo ngaphakathi kwenkampani;
- Ngale njongo, indawo yokugcina izoba nesistimu esekelwe kubuhlakani bokwenziwa, ezokwazi ukuhlonza ngokuzimela ukwehluleka okungenzeka futhi ilawule imishini.
Idizayini yesimanje
Kuthathe izinkulungwane zamahora omuntu ukudala idizayini yomkhiqizo. Umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa wawuwukwenza isikhombimsebenzisi sibe sesimanjemanje - sibe lula futhi sibe lula. Lokhu kunzima uma uklama isistimu yebhizinisi, okumele ngokuzenzakalelayo ifake phakathi imisebenzi ethile ethile.
Yiqiniso, umklamo awukwazi "ukuqoshwa etsheni" noma ugunyazwe ngesiginesha nophawu - iyithuluzi eliphilayo, lithuthuka njalo futhi lithuthuka. Phakathi neminyaka emine, sawushintsha umklamo izikhathi eziningana, kodwa akuzange kube noshintsho olukhulu emibonweni. Umgomo obalulekile wokwakha umugqa womkhiqizo wonke webhizinisi uwukwakha uhlelo lokuklama lomhlaba wonke.
Lapho siklama idizayini yesistimu ye-imeyili yebhizinisi, sanaka ngokukhethekile ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezintathu ezibalulekile - ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, ukungaguquguquki kanye nekhono lokuzivumelanisa nesitayela sebhizinisi sekhasimende.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo
Isici esikhethekile sokwakheka kwezindawo zokusebenzelana zesistimu yemeyili yebhizinisi i-Mailion yikhono lokuyibonisa kumadivayisi anezikrini zanoma yimuphi usayizi. Zonke izingxenye ezibukwayo zinikezwa ngokucophelela, zikala ngendlela efanele uma zisebenza kumadivayisi eselula futhi zinhle ngisho nasekulawuleni iminwe ezikrinini zokuthinta. Futhi, lapho ushintsha usayizi wewindi lohlelo lokusebenza, ukwakheka kwekholomu nakho kuyashintshwa - usayizi wamakholomu uyashintsha ngokulinganayo, ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nemibono yomqondo wezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-inthanethi ezinothile.
Ukungaguquguquki
Idizayini yesistimu ye-imeyili yebhizinisi ye-Mailion isuselwe endleleni ehlelekile. Besilokhu sithuthukisa le ndawo kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2017, lapho kwakungeyona imfashini ukukhuluma ngezinhlelo zokuklama njengoba kunjalo manje. Isistimu yokuklama isethi yemithetho namathuluzi okusebenza okubukwayo nobuchwepheshe abonisa ifilosofi yomkhiqizo futhi eguquguquka njalo. Sethule ukuze kube lula ukuxhumana phakathi kwentuthuko nokuklama.
Ukusetha ubunikazi bebhizinisi
Umklamo wethu "uwunwabu", okwazi ukuzivumelanisa nesitayela senkampani sanoma iyiphi iklayenti. Imibala yazo zonke izici zesixhumi esibonakalayo ichazwa ngokuguquguqukayo. Ngakho-ke, ngokushintsha isethi eyisisekelo yemibala eminingana, ungafaka kabusha zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Amafonti abuye achazwe ngezinto eziguquguqukayo: isixhumi esibonakalayo singasebenzisa ifonti yebhizinisi yenkampani yeklayenti, uma lokhu kuhlinzekwe encwadini yebhrendi yeklayenti. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amafonti ahlukene angase abe nosayizi abahlukene bezinhlamvu, futhi siyakucabangela lokhu. Isibonelo, i-PT Sans kusayizi 16 ibukeka incane kakhulu kuneRoboto elingana no-16. Ngakho-ke, silungisa usayizi wamabhulokhi wombhalo kuzici zefonti ethile.
Sizonikela ngezindatshana ezihlukene esakhiweni selabhulali yethu yombala kanye nezici zokusebenza ngamafonti.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula
Ingxenye ebalulekile yanoma iyiphi isistimu ye-imeyili yesimanje yizinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula - abasebenzisi kufanele bakwazi ukusebenza noma kuphi nanoma nini.
Manje sakha umqondo wezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula; kufanele bacabangele umehluko ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo ze-imeyili ze-MyOffice futhi banikeze izindlela ezihlukene zokusebenzisa i-imeyili nezinhlelo zekhalenda ezinkampanini.
Iphaneli yemidiya ehlakaniphile
Amaqembu ethu esigxile kuwo abonise ukuthi abasebenzisi bathola ukuxhumana kwezinhlelo ze-imeyili zendabuko kunzima. Abaphendulile esixoxisane nabo baphawule ukuthi ukusebenza ngemicimbi yekhalenda nezinanyathiselwa bekunzima kakhulu. Sizame ukuzuza isixhumi esibonakalayo esisabelayo kanye nokwandisa umkhiqizo - ukwenza umkhiqizo wethu ujabulise ukuwusebenzisa.
I-Media Panel, ithuluzi elisha lokusheshisa ukusebenzisana, ihlela lonke ulwazi mayelana nezincwadi futhi inikeza ukufinyelela okusheshayo ohlwini lwababambe iqhaza ezingxoxweni, izixhumanisi nezinguqulo zemibhalo eke yathunyelwa.
Leli thuluzi lisiza ezimeni lapho abasebenzisi kufanele basebenze ngamathrekhi amakhulu amakhulu emilayezo. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi udinga ukuthola idokhumenti noma isithombe esasikomunye wabo kuphela. Iphaneli yemidiya idala uhlu lwazo zonke izici ezivela ochungechungeni lwe-imeyili futhi izibonise endaweni eyodwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuthola into oyifunayo kuba lula kakhulu.
Indawo yangakini
Akubona abasebenzisi baseRussia kuphela abanesidingo sesistimu ye-imeyili yenkampani. I-MyOffice iphishekela inqubomgomo engaguquki yokungena ezimakethe zangaphandle, ngakho-ke kubhekwe lukhulu ezindabeni zokwenziwa kwasendaweni komkhiqizo.
Emkhiqizweni wethu, isidingo sokwenziwa kwasendaweni ngezilimi zakwamanye amazwe sabekwa phansi ekuqaleni, ezingeni lengxenye eyisisekelo yesistimu. Ngokwako, ukwengeza izilimi ezintsha akuyona inkinga enkulu kithi - kuwumsebenzi oqondakala ngokuphelele esazi ukuthi singawuxazulula kanjani.
Njengamanje, izilimi zesiRashiya nesiNgisi ziyatholakala kubasebenzisi. Kokukhishwayo okuzayo, sizokwengeza ukusekelwa ohlelweni lwe-imeyili lwebhizinisi lwezilimi lapho imikhiqizo ye-MyOffice isebenza khona - isiFulentshi, iSpanishi, isiPutukezi nezinye. Ngandlela thize, kulula kithi kunozakwethu beminyango engomakhelwane, ngoba ezinhlelweni zeposi nekhalenda sidinga kuphela ukunaka izinhlamvu nezici zokusebenza nezinsuku nezikhathi - ngenhlanhla, asinawo amafomula afana nokuthi umhleli wespredishithi.
Yebo, siyaqasha!
Kuthathe amakhulu ambalwa eminyaka abantu ukudala umkhiqizo wethu. Futhi noma ngabe bengifuna, bengingeke ngikwazi ukukutshela konke ngesikhathi esisodwa esihlokweni esisodwa. Noma kunjalo, ngithemba ukuthi lolu shicilelo luzosebenza njengesiqalo sokwazi umkhiqizo wethu - njengoba ngishilo ngenhla, ngihlela ukukhuluma kabanzi ngokuzayo kokubili ngesixazululo ngokwaso nezici zaso, kanye nokuthuthuka kwethu. izindlela.
Ngaphandle kwesithunzi sokuthobeka, ngizosho futhi ukuthi namuhla inani lezinkampani ezithuthukisa izinhlelo ezinjalo ze-mail emhlabeni jikelele zimbalwa. Lona umsebenzi wobunjiniyela oyinkimbinkimbi ngempela; udinga ukuqonda okujulile kwezidingo zamakhasimende ezinkampani, kanye nokuhlaziywa okuphelele kwezinqubo zebhizinisi zezinhlangano ezinkulu, izitayela zesimanje ekuklanyweni nasekuthuthukisweni, kanye nenani elifanelekile lochwepheshe abanekhono. Isistimu yethu yeposi ishintsha nsuku zonke.
Njengamanje sesicishe savula izikhala zentuthuko. Woza uzosebenza nathi uma ufuna ukusebenza nathi ukuze udale umkhiqizo ongashintsha indlela izwe lebhizinisi elicabanga ngayo nge-imeyili.
Source: www.habr.com
