Ubuchwepheshe Bedatha Enkulu manje busetshenziswa yonke indawo—embonini, kwezokwelapha, kwezamabhizinisi, nakwezokuzijabulisa. Ngaphandle kokuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu, abathengisi abakhulu ngeke bakwazi ukusebenza kahle, ukuthengiswa kwe-Amazon kuzokwehla, futhi izazi zezulu ngeke zikwazi ukubikezela izinsuku zesimo sezulu, amasonto, nezinyanga kusengaphambili. Kunengqondo ukuthi ochwepheshe abakhulu bedatha badingeka kakhulu, futhi isidingo sikhula kancane kancane.
I-GeekBrains iqeqesha ochwepheshe kulo mkhakha, ihlinzeka abafundi ngolwazi lwethiyori nolwazi olusebenzayo, besebenzisa ochwepheshe abanolwazi. Kulo nyaka Abahlaziyi beBig Data abavela enyuvesi eku-inthanethi i-GeekUniversity kanye ne-X5 Retail Group, umthengisi omkhulukazi waseRussia, babambisene. Ochwepheshe benkampani, ngolwazi lwabo olubanzi nolwazi lwabo, basize ekwakheni isifundo esinegama elinikeza abafundi kokubili ukuqeqeshwa kwethiyori kanye nolwazi olusebenzayo.
Sikhulume noValery Babushkin, uMqondisi we-Data Modelling and Analysis kwa-X5 Retail Group. Ungomunye wabo ososayensi bedatha emhlabeni wonke (bakleliswe endaweni yama-30 emhlabeni ekufundeni ngomshini). Ekanye nabanye othisha, u-Valery ufundisa abafundi be-GeekBrains mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-A/B, izibalo zezibalo ezisekelwe kulezi zindlela, kanye nezinqubo zokubala zesimanje kanye nemininingwane yokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-A/B ekuthengisweni okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi.
Kungani sidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-A/B nhlobo?
Lena enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuthola izindlela ezilungile zokuthuthukisa amazinga okuguqulwa, izinkomba zezomnotho, nezici zokuziphatha. Ezinye izindlela zikhona, kodwa zibiza kakhulu futhi ziyinkimbinkimbi. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa kwe-A/B izindleko zayo eziphansi nokufinyeleleka kwamabhizinisi anoma yimuphi usayizi.
Ukuhlola i-A/B kungenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuthola nokwenza izinqumo zebhizinisi—izinqumo ezithinta kokubili inzuzo nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yanoma iyiphi inkampani. Ukuhlola kuvumela izinqumo ukuthi zenziwe ngokungasekelwe emicabangweni nasekuqaguleni kuphela, kodwa futhi nasolwazini olungokoqobo lokuthi izinguquko ezithile zikushintsha kanjani ukusebenzisana kwamakhasimende nenethiwekhi.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ekuthengiseni, yonke into idinga ukuhlolwa—imikhankaso yokumaketha, imiyalezo ye-SMS, ukuhlolwa kwemiyalezo ngokwayo, ukubekwa komkhiqizo emashalofini, namashalofu ngokwawo endaweni yokuthengisa. Uma kuziwa ezitolo eziku-inthanethi, ungahlola ukwakheka kwezinto, idizayini, umbhalo, nokukopisha.
Ukuhlola i-A/B kuyithuluzi elisiza inkampani, njengomthengisi, ukuthi ihlale inokuncintisana, ibone izinguquko ngokushesha, futhi izivumelanise ngokufanele. Lokhu kuvumela ibhizinisi ukuthi lisebenze kahle ngangokunokwenzeka, lenze inzuzo enkulu.
Ayini ama-nuances alezi zindlela?
Okubalulekile wukuba nomgomo noma inkinga ezosebenza njengesisekelo sokuhlolwa. Isibonelo, inkinga ingase ibe ukuthontelana kwamakhasimende okuphansi esitolo sezitini nodaka noma isitolo se-inthanethi. Umgomo uwukwandisa ithrafikhi yamakhasimende. I-hypothesis iwukuthi uma amakhadi omkhiqizo esitolo se-inthanethi enziwa amakhudlwana futhi izithombe zigqame, kuzothengwa okuningi. Okulandelayo, ukuhlolwa kwe-A/B kuyenziwa, imiphumela esetshenziselwa ukuhlola izinguquko. Uma imiphumela yakho konke ukuhlola isingenile, uhlelo lokusebenza lokulungiswa kwewebhusayithi lungathuthukiswa.
Akunconyiwe ukwenza izivivinyo ngezinqubo ezigqagqene, njengoba lokhu kuzokwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuhlola imiphumela. Kunconywa ukwenza izivivinyo emigomeni ebaluleke kakhulu kanye nemibono eshiwo kuqala.
Ukuhlolwa kufanele kuthathe isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuze imiphumela ithathwe njengethembekile. Kuyoze kube nini ncamashi kuncike, kunjalo, ekuhlolweni ngokwako. Isibonelo, ngoNcibijane, ukugcwala kwabantu abaningi ezitolo eziku-inthanethi kuyenyuka. Uma ngabe idizayini yesitolo se-inthanethi yashintshwa ngaphambili, ukuhlolwa kwesikhashana kuzobonisa ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle, izinguquko zibe yimpumelelo, futhi nokuhamba kwabantu kuyakhula. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenzani ngaphambi kwamaholide, izimoto zizokhula. Ukuhlolwa akufanele kuqedwe ngaphambi noma ngokushesha ngemva koNyaka Omusha; kufanele kube yinde ngokwanele ukukhomba konke ukuhlobana.
Ukubaluleka kokuxhumana okucacile phakathi kwegoli kanye nemethrikhi elinganiswayo. Isibonelo, ngemva kokuklama kabusha iwebhusayithi yesitolo se-inthanethi, inkampani ingase ibone ukwanda kwezivakashi noma amakhasimende futhi yaneliseke ngomphumela. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, inani le-oda elimaphakathi lingase libe ngaphansi kunokuvamile, okuholela emalini engenayo ephansi nakakhulu. Lokhu, kunjalo, akukwazi ukubhekwa njengomphumela omuhle. Inkinga ukuthi inkampani ayizange ilinganise ngesikhathi esisodwa ubudlelwano phakathi kwezivakashi ezikhuphukile, ukuthengwa okukhuphukile, kanye nenani le-oda elimaphakathi.
Ingabe ukuhlola okwezitolo eziku-inthanethi kuphela?
Lutho neze. Indlela edumile ekuthengiseni okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi isebenzisa ipayipi eligcwele lokuhlola imibono ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Lena inqubo eyehlisa ubungozi bokukhetha ngokungalungile amaqembu okuhlolwa, ukuthola ibhalansi elungile phakathi kwenombolo yezitolo, isikhathi sokuhlola, kanye nosayizi womphumela ohlolwayo. Kuphinde kubandakanye ukusebenzisa kabusha kanye nokuqhubeka nokwenza ngcono izindlela zangemuva kokuhlaziywa kwemiphumela. Le ndlela iyadingeka ukunciphisa amathuba okuba nemiphumela engamanga nemiphumela ephuthelwe, kanye nokwandisa ukuzwela, ngoba ngisho nomphumela omncane ungaba obaluleke kakhulu esikalini sebhizinisi elikhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuhlonza ngisho nezinguquko ezincane futhi unciphise ubungozi, okuhlanganisa nokwenza iziphetho ezingalungile mayelana nemiphumela yokuhlolwa.
Ukuthengisa, Idatha Enkulu, kanye Nezifundo Zangempela Zomhlaba
Ngonyaka odlule, ochwepheshe be-X5 Retail Group bahlole izitayela zokuthengisa zemikhiqizo edume kakhulu phakathi kwabalandeli beNdebe Yomhlaba ka-2018. Nakuba zazingekho izimanga, izibalo zazithakazelisa nokho.
Amanzi, isibonelo, avele "njengenombolo yokuqala ethengiswa kakhulu." Emadolobheni abambe imidlalo yeNdebe yoMhlaba, ukuthengiswa kwamanzi kunyuke cishe ngo-46%, i-Sochi ihamba phambili, inyusa ukuthengiswa ngo-87%. Ngezinsuku zomdlalo, ukuthengiswa okuphezulu kakhulu kwarekhodwa eSaransk, lapho ukuthengiswa kukhuphuke ngo-160% uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsuku ezivamile.
Ngaphandle kwamanzi abalandeli bathenge nobhiya. Kusukela ngoJuni 14 kuya kuJulayi 15, ukuthengiswa kukabhiya emadolobheni abamba imidlalo kukhuphuke ngesilinganiso esingu-31,8%. I-Sochi iphinde yahola indlela, ngokuthengiswa kukabhiya lapho kukhuphuke ngo-64%. Nokho, eSt. Petersburg, ukwanda kwakukuncane—ngamaphesenti angu-5,6 nje kuphela. Ngezinsuku zomdlalo, ukuthengiswa kukabhiya eSaransk nakho kukhuphuke ngo-128%.
Ucwaningo lwenziwe nakweminye imikhiqizo. Idatha etholwe phakathi nezinsuku zokusetshenziswa okuphezulu ivumela izibikezelo zesidingo ezinembe esikhathini esizayo, kucatshangelwa izici zomcimbi. Isibikezelo sezulu esinembile senza kube nokwenzeka ukulindela okulindelwe ngabathengi.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, i-X5 Retail Group yasebenzisa izindlela ezimbili:
Amamodeli ochungechunge lwesikhathi sesakhiwo sase-Bayesia anesilinganiso somehluko okhulayo;
Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlehla ngokuhlolwa kokuchema kokusatshalaliswa kwamaphutha ngaphambi nangesikhathi somqhudelwano.
Yikuphi okunye okuthengiswayo okusebenzisa ku-Big Data?
- Ziningi izindlela nobuchwepheshe, kodwa phezulu kwekhanda lami, nazi ezinye:
- Isibikezelo sesidingo;
- Ukwenziwa ngcono kwe-matrix yohlu lomkhiqizo;
- Umbono wekhompyutha ukukhomba amashalofu angenalutho kanye nokubona olayini abakhayo;
- Isibikezelo sephromo.
Ukushoda kochwepheshe
Isidingo sochwepheshe be-Big Data sikhula njalo. Ngo-2018, inani lemisebenzi emikhulu ehlobene nedatha yokuvulwa kwemisebenzi likhuphuke ngokuphindwe kasikhombisa uma kuqhathaniswa no-2015. Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2019, isidingo sochwepheshe sidlule u-65% wesidingo sawo wonke u-2018.
Izinkampani ezinkulu zidinga ikakhulukazi abahlaziyi be-Big Data. Isibonelo, kwaMail.ru Group, ayadingeka kunoma iyiphi iphrojekthi ecubungula idatha yombhalo, okuqukethwe kwe-multimedia, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwenkulumo nokuhlaziya (ikakhulukazi izinsizakalo zamafu, amanethiwekhi omphakathi, imidlalo, njll.). Izikhala zenkampani ziphindeke kathathu kule minyaka emibili edlule. Ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili zokuqala zalo nyaka, i-Mail.ru yaqasha ochwepheshe abaningi be-Big Data njengakuwo wonke unyaka odlule. E-Ozon, umnyango we-Data Science uphindwe kathathu ngosayizi kule minyaka emibili edlule. I-Megafon ibhekene nesimo esifanayo: ithimba elibhekele ukuhlaziya idatha likhule ngokuphindwe kaningi kule minyaka emibili nengxenye edlule.
Akungabazeki ukuthi isidingo sochwepheshe be-Big Data sizokhula nakakhulu esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke uma unentshisekelo kulo mkhakha, kufanelekile ukuwuzama.
Source: www.habr.com
