Ubuchwepheshe Bedatha Enkulu manje sebusetshenziswa yonke indawo - embonini, kwezokwelapha, kwezamabhizinisi, nakwezokungcebeleka. Ngakho, ngaphandle kokuhlaziya idatha enkulu, abathengisi abakhulu ngeke bakwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile, ukuthengisa e-Amazon kuzowa, futhi izazi zezulu ngeke zikwazi ukubikezela isimo sezulu izinsuku eziningi, amasonto nezinyanga kusengaphambili. Kunengqondo ukuthi ochwepheshe abakhulu bedatha manje badingeka kakhulu, futhi isidingo sikhula njalo.
I-GeekBrains iqeqesha abameleli balo mkhakha, izama ukunikeza abafundi kokubili ulwazi lwethiyori nokufundisa ngezibonelo, lapho ochwepheshe abanolwazi abahilelekile. Kulo nyaka Abahlaziyi be-Big Data abavela enyuvesi eku-inthanethi i-GeekUniversity kanye nomthengisi omkhulu kunabo bonke e-Russian Federation, i-X5 Retail Group, sebengabalingani. Ochwepheshe benkampani, abanolwazi oluningi kanye nesipiliyoni, basize ekwakheni inkambo enegama, lapho abafundi bethola khona kokubili ukuqeqeshwa kwethiyori kanye nolwazi olusebenzayo ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa.
Sikhulume noValery Babushkin, umqondisi wokumodela nokuhlaziywa kwedatha kwa-X5 Retail Group. Ungomunye walabo ososayensi bedatha emhlabeni (abangama-30 ezingeni lomhlaba wonke lochwepheshe bokufunda ngomshini). Ehlangene nabanye othisha, u-Valery utshela abafundi be-GeekBrains mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-A/B, izibalo zezibalo lezi zindlela ezisekelwe kuzo, kanye nezinqubo zesimanje zokubala nezici zokuqalisa ukuhlola kwe-A/B ekuthengiseni okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi.
Kungani sidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-A/B nhlobo?
Lena enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuthola izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuthuthukisa ukuguqulwa, ezomnotho kanye nezici zokuziphatha. Kukhona ezinye izindlela, kodwa zibiza kakhulu futhi ziyinkimbinkimbi. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa kwe-A/B yintengo yazo ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa nokutholakala kwamabhizinisi anoma yimuphi usayizi.
Mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-A/B, singasho ukuthi lena enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokusesha nokwenza izinqumo ebhizinisini, izinqumo lapho kokubili inzuzo nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yanoma iyiphi inkampani kuncike kuzo. Ukuhlola kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwenza izinqumo ezingasekelwe emicabangweni nasekuqaguleni kuphela, kodwa futhi nasolwazini olungokoqobo lokuthi izinguquko ezithile zikushintsha kanjani ukusebenzisana kwamakhasimende nenethiwekhi.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ekuthengiseni udinga ukuhlola yonke into - imikhankaso yokumaketha, ukuthunyelwa kwe-SMS, ukuhlolwa kwama-mail ngokwawo, ukubekwa kwemikhiqizo emashalofini kanye namashalofu ngokwawo ezindaweni zokuthengisa. Uma sikhuluma ngesitolo se-intanethi, khona-ke lapha ungahlola ukuhlelwa kwezinto, ukuklama, okubhaliwe kanye nemibhalo.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-A/B kuyithuluzi elisiza inkampani, isibonelo, umthengisi, ukuthi ahlale encintisana, ezwe izinguquko ngesikhathi futhi azishintshe. Lokhu kuvumela ibhizinisi ukuthi lisebenze kahle ngangokunokwenzeka, lenze inzuzo enkulu.
Ayini ama-nuances alezi zindlela?
Okubalulekile ukuthi kufanele kube nomgomo noma inkinga lapho ukuhlolwa okuzosekelwe khona. Isibonelo, inkinga inamba encane yamakhasimende endaweni yokudayisa noma esitolo se-inthanethi. Umgomo uwukukhulisa ukuthutheleka kwamakhasimende. I-hypothesis: uma amakhadi omkhiqizo esitolo se-inthanethi enziwa amakhudlwana futhi izithombe zikhanya, khona-ke kuzoba nokuthenga okwengeziwe. Okulandelayo, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-A/B, umphumela wawo ukuhlola izinguquko. Ngemuva kokuthi imiphumela yazo zonke izivivinyo yamukelwe, ungaqala ukwenza uhlelo lokushintsha isayithi.
Akunconywa ukwenza izivivinyo ngezinqubo ezigqagqene, ngaphandle kwalokho imiphumela izoba nzima kakhulu ukuyihlola. Kunconywa ukwenza izivivinyo ezinhlosweni ezibaluleke kakhulu bese wenza ama-hypotheses kuqala.
Ukuhlolwa kufanele kuhlale isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuze imiphumela ithathwe njengethembekile. Kungakanani ngempela kuncike, yiqiniso, ekuhlolweni ngokwayo. Ngakho-ke, ngoNcibijane, ukugcwala kwezitolo eziningi eziku-inthanethi kuyanda. Uma umklamo wesitolo se-intanethi ushintshiwe ngaphambili, khona-ke ukuhlolwa kwesikhashana kuzobonisa ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle, izinguquko ziphumelele, futhi ithrafikhi ikhula. Kodwa cha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenzani ngaphambi kwamaholide, ithrafikhi izokwanda, ukuhlolwa akukwazi ukuqedwa ngaphambi kukaNcibijane noma ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, kufanele kube isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukukhomba konke ukuhlobana.
Ukubaluleka kokuxhumana okulungile phakathi kwegoli nenkomba elinganiswayo. Isibonelo, ngokushintsha ukwakheka kwewebhusayithi yesitolo se-inthanethi efanayo, inkampani ibona ukwanda kwenani labavakashi noma amakhasimende futhi yanelisekile ngalokhu. Kodwa empeleni, isilinganiso sikasayizi wesheke singase sibe sincane kunokuvamile, ngakho-ke imali engenayo iyonke izoba ngaphansi nakakhulu. Lokhu, yiqiniso, akukwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi umphumela omuhle. Inkinga ukuthi inkampani ayizange ihlole ngesikhathi esisodwa ubudlelwano phakathi kokwanda kwezivakashi, ukwanda kwenani lokuthengwayo, kanye nokuguquguquka kosayizi wesheke elimaphakathi.
Ingabe ukuhlola okwezitolo eziku-inthanethi kuphela?
Lutho neze. Indlela edumile ekuthengisweni okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ukusebenzisa ipayipi eliphelele lokuhlola imibono ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Lokhu ukwakhiwa kwenqubo lapho kuncishiswa khona ubungozi bokukhethwa okungalungile kwamaqembu okuhlolwa, isilinganiso esiphezulu senani lezitolo, isikhathi sokuhlola kanye nobukhulu bomphumela olinganiselwe kukhethwa. Futhi kuwukuphinda kusetshenziswe kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kwezindlela zokuhlaziya imiphumela yangemva kwemiphumela. Indlela iyadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe amathuba okuba namaphutha okwamukelwa okungamanga kanye nemiphumela ephuthelwe, kanye nokwandisa ukuzwela, ngoba ngisho nomphumela omncane esikalini sebhizinisi elikhulu ubaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukwazi ukuhlonza ngisho nezinguquko ezibuthakathaka futhi unciphise izingozi, okuhlanganisa iziphetho ezingalungile mayelana nemiphumela yokuhlolwa.
Ukudayisa, Idatha Enkulu kanye namacala wangempela
Ngonyaka odlule, ochwepheshe be-X5 Retail Group bahlole ukuguquguquka kwamavolumu okuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalandeli beNdebe Yomhlaba ka-2018. Kwakungekho okumangalisayo, kodwa izibalo zisabonakala zijabulisa.
Ngakho, amanzi aphenduka “adayisa kakhulu”. Emadolobheni abambe iNdebe Yomhlaba, ukuthengiswa kwamanzi kunyuke cishe ngo-1%; umholi kwakungu-Sochi, lapho inzuzo inyuke ngo-46%. Ngezinsuku zomdlalo, isibalo esiphezulu sabhalwa eSaransk - lapha ukuthengisa kukhuphuke ngo-87% uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsuku ezivamile.
Ngaphandle kwamanzi abalandeli bathenge ubhiya. Kusukela ngoJuni 14 kuya kuJulayi 15, emadolobheni lapho imidlalo yenzeke khona, ukuthengiswa kukabhiya kukhuphuke ngesilinganiso sama-31,8%. USochi naye waba umholi - ubhiya wathengwa lapha 64% ngaphezulu ngenkuthalo. Kodwa eSt. Petersburg ukukhula kwakuncane - kuphela 5,6%. Ngezinsuku zomdlalo eSaransk, ukuthengiswa kukabhiya kukhuphuke ngo-128%.
Ucwaningo lwenziwe nakweminye imikhiqizo. Idatha etholwe ngezinsuku eziphezulu zokusetshenziswa kokudla isivumela ukuthi sibikezele ngokunembe kakhudlwana isidingo ngokuzayo, sicabangela izici zomcimbi. Isibikezelo sezulu esinembile senza kube nokwenzeka ukulindela okulindelwe ngamakhasimende.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, i-X5 Retail Group yasebenzisa izindlela ezimbili:
Amamodeli ochungechunge lwesikhathi sesakhiwo sase-Bayesia anesilinganiso somehluko okhulayo;
Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlehla ngokuhlolwa kokushintshwa kokusatshalaliswa kwamaphutha ngaphambi nangesikhathi somqhudelwano.
Yikuphi okunye okuthengiswayo okusebenzisa ku-Big Data?
- Kunezindlela eziningi kanye nobuchwepheshe, kusukela kulokho okungabizwa ngokuthi offhand, lezi yizi:
- Isibikezelo sesidingo;
- Ukwenziwa ngcono kwe-assortment matrix;
- Umbono wekhompyutha wokukhomba izikhala emashalofini futhi uthole ukuthi ulayini uyakha;
- Isibikezelo sephromo.
Ukushoda kochwepheshe
Isidingo sochwepheshe be-Big Data sikhula njalo. Ngakho, ngo-2018, inani lezikhala eziphathelene nedatha enkulu lenyuke izikhathi ezingu-7 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2015. Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2019, isidingo sochwepheshe sidlule ama-65% esidingo sawo wonke u-2018.
Izinkampani ezinkulu zidinga ikakhulukazi izinsiza zabahlaziyi beDatha Enkulu. Isibonelo, kwaMail.ru Group bayadingeka kunoma iyiphi iphrojekthi lapho idatha yombhalo, okuqukethwe kwe-multimedia kucutshungulwa, ukuhlanganiswa kwenkulumo nokuhlaziywa kwenziwa (lokhu, okokuqala, izinsizakalo zamafu, izinkundla zokuxhumana, imidlalo, njll.). Isibalo sezikhala zezikhala kule nkampani sesiphindeke kathathu kule minyaka emibili edlule. Ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili zokuqala zalo nyaka, i-Mail.ru yaqasha inani elifanayo lochwepheshe be-Big Data njengakuwo wonke unyaka odlule. E-Ozon, umnyango we-Data Science ukhule ngokuphindwe kathathu kule minyaka emibili edlule. Isimo siyefana eMegafon - ithimba elihlaziya idatha likhule izikhathi eziningana kule minyaka engu-2,5 edlule.
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, esikhathini esizayo isidingo sabameleli bezinto ezikhethekile ezihlobene ne-Big Data sizokhula nakakhulu. Ngakho-ke uma unentshisekelo kule ndawo, kufanele uzame isandla sakho.
Source: www.habr.com