Ukube benginikeza uJean Tirole uMklomelo KaNobel, bengizowunikeza ukuhlaziya isithunzi sakhe sethiyori yomdlalo, noma okungenani ngiwufake ekwakhiweni. Kubonakala kimi ukuthi lokhu kuyindaba lapho intuition yethu ihambisana kahle nemodeli, nakuba kunzima ukuhlola lo modeli. Lokhu kuvela ochungechungeni lwalawo mamodeli okunzima noma okungenakwenzeka ukuwaqinisekisa nokuwenza amanga. Kodwa lo mbono ubonakala uhlakaniphile kimina.
Umklomelo kaNobel
Isizathu salo mklomelo wukusuka kokugcina emcabangweni obumbene wokulingana okuvamile njengokuhlaziywa kwanoma yisiphi isimo somnotho.
Ngiyaxolisa kosomnotho kuleli gumbi, ngizoveza ngokudumile izisekelo zethiyori yokulinganisa ejwayelekile emizuzwini engama-20.
1950
Umbono okhona ukuthi uhlelo lwezomnotho lungaphansi kwemithetho eqinile (njengeqiniso elingokoqobo - imithetho kaNewton). Kwakuwukunqoba kwendlela yokuhlanganisa yonke isayensi ngaphansi kophahla oluthile. Lubukeka kanjani lolu phahla?
Kukhona imakethe. Kunenombolo ethile (n) yemizi, abathengi bezimpahla, labo imakethe esebenzela bona (izimpahla ziyadliwa). Nenombolo ethile (J) yezifundo zale makethe (ukukhiqiza izimpahla). Inzuzo yomkhiqizi ngamunye ihlukaniswe ngandlela thize phakathi kwabathengi.
Kukhona imikhiqizo 1,2...L. Impahla yinto engadliwa. Uma ngokwenyama umkhiqizo ufana, kodwa udliwe ngezikhathi ezihlukene noma ezindaweni ezihlukene emkhathini, lezi kakade ziyizimpahla ezihlukene.
Izimpahla ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa endaweni ethile. Ikakhulukazi, umkhiqizo awukwazi ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside. (Hhayi izimoto, kodwa kunalokho ukudla, futhi noma kunjalo, hhayi konke ukudla).
Lokhu kusho ukuthi sinendawo ye-RL yezinhlelo zokukhiqiza. Isikhala esingu-L, ivekhtha ngayinye ehunyushwa kanje. Sithatha izixhumanisi lapho izinombolo ezinegethivu zikhona, sizifake “ebhokisini elimnyama” lokukhiqiza, bese sikhipha izingxenye ezinhle zevekhtha efanayo.
Isibonelo, (2,-1,3) kusho ukuthi kusuka kuyunithi engu-1 yomkhiqizo wesibili singenza amayunithi ama-2 weyunithi yokuqala namayunithi amathathu esithathu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uma le vector ingeyesethi yamathuba okukhiqiza.
Y1, Y2… YJ amasethi angaphansi ku-RL. Ukukhiqizwa ngakunye "kuyibhokisi elimnyama".
Amanani (p1, p2… pL)… enzani? Ziwa ophahleni.
Ungumphathi wenkampani. Ifemu isethi yezinhlelo zokukhiqiza ezingasetshenziswa. Yini okufanele uyenze uma uthola isignali efana nalena - (p1, p2... pL)?
I-Classical economics inquma ukuthi uhlole wonke ama-pV vectors amukelekayo kuwe kulawa manani.
Futhi sikhulisa i-pV, lapho u-V evela ku-Yj. Lokhu kubizwa nge-Pj(p).
Amanani ehla kuwe, utshelwa, futhi kufanele ngokungangabazeki ukholwe ukuthi amanani azoba ngaleyo ndlela. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuziphatha kokuthatha amanani".
Ngemva kokuthola isignali evela “kumanani”, inkampani ngayinye yakhipha i-P1(p), i-P2(p)… PJ(p). Kwenzekani kubo? Ingxenye engakwesokunxele, abathengi, ngamunye wabo unezinsiza zokuqala u-w1(р), w2…wJ(р) kanye namasheya enzuzo kumafemu δ11, δ12…δ1J, azokhiqizwa kwesokudla.
Kungase kube khona u-w wokuqala ophansi, kodwa kungase kube namasheya aphezulu, lapho umdlali ezoqala ngesabelomali esikhulu.
Umthengi futhi unezintandokazi א. Zinqunyelwe kusengaphambili futhi aziguquki. Izintandokazi zizomvumela ukuthi aqhathanise noma yimaphi ama-vectors avela ku-RL nomunye nomunye, ngokusho "kwekhwalithi", ngokombono wakhe. Ukuziqonda okuphelele ngawe. Awukaze uzame ubhanana (ngawuzama ngineminyaka eyi-10), kodwa unombono wokuthi uzowuthanda kanjani. Umcabango wolwazi onamandla kakhulu.
Umthengi uhlola izintengo zesitoko sakhe sokuqala futhi abele amasheya enzuzo:
Umthengi futhi ukholelwa ngokungangabazeki amanani abawatholayo futhi ahlole iholo lakhe. Ngemuva kwalokho uqala ukuyisebenzisa futhi afinyelele umkhawulo wamandla akhe ezezimali.
Umthengi ukhulisa izintandokazi zakhe. Umsebenzi wosizo. Iyiphi i-xi ezomlethela inzuzo enkulu? I-Paradigm yokuziphatha okunengqondo.
Ukwehlukaniswa kwezifunda ngokuphelele kuyenzeka. Izintengo ziyehla zisuka esibhakabhakeni ngenxa yakho. Kulawa manani, zonke izinkampani zenza inzuzo enkulu. Bonke abathengi bathola izikweletu zabo futhi benze noma yini abayifunayo ngabo, basebenzise noma yini abayifunayo (ukukhulisa umsebenzi osetshenziswayo) ezimpahleni ezitholakalayo, ngamanani atholakalayo. I-Xi(р) ethuthukisiwe iyavela.
Kuphinde kushiwo ukuthi amanani ayalingana, p*, uma zonke izinqumo zama-ejenti wezomnotho zihambisana. Kusho ukuthini ukuvumelana?
Kwenzenjani? I-inventories yokuqala, inkampani ngayinye yengeze uhlelo lwayo lokukhiqiza:
Yilokhu esinakho. Futhi lokhu kufanele kulingane nalokho abathengi abakucelile:
Amanani p* abizwa nge-equilibrium uma lokhu kulingana kwenzeka. Kunezibalo eziningi njengoba kunezimpahla.
Ngo-1880 Yakhuthazwa kabanzi futhi iminyaka engu-79, izazi zezibalo nezomnotho zazifuna ubufakazi bokuthi ikhona i-vector equilibrium enjalo. Lokhu kwehlela ku-topology enzima kakhulu, futhi akufakazelwanga kwaze kwaba ngu-1941, lapho kwafakazelwa khona. . Ngo-1951, inkolelo-mbono yokuba khona kokulingana yafakazelwa ngokuphelele.
Kodwa kancane kancane le modeli yangena esigabeni somlando womcabango wezomnotho.
Kufanele uhambe ngokwakho futhi ufunde amamodeli aphelelwe yisikhathi. Hlaziya ukuthi kungani bengasebenzi. Bekukuphi ngempela ukuphikisa? Khona-ke uyoba nesipiliyoni, uhambo oluhle lomlando.
Umlando wezomnotho kumele ufunde imodeli engenhla ngokuningiliziwe, ngoba zonke izinhlobo zemakethe zanamuhla zikhula kusukela lapha.
Ukuphikiswa
1. Yonke imikhiqizo ichazwa ngamagama angabonakali kakhulu. Ukwakheka kokusetshenziswa kwalezi zimpahla nezimpahla ezihlala isikhathi eside akunakwa.
2. Yonke imikhiqizo, inkampani "iyibhokisi elimnyama". Ichazwa nje nge-axiomatically. Kuthathwa isethi yama-vector futhi kuthiwe ayamukeleka.
3. “Isandla esingabonakali semakethe”, amanani ehla kusukela ophahleni.
4. Amafemu ngobuwula akhulisa inzuzo P.
5. Indlela yokufinyelela ukulingana. (Noma yisiphi isazi sefiziksi siqala ukuhleka lapha: "ukumphumputha" kanjani?). Ungakufakazela kanjani ukuhluka nokuzinza kwayo (okungenani).
6. Ukungathembeki kwemodeli.
Ukungathembeki. Nginomodeli futhi ngokusho kwayo ngithi izimo ezinjalo nezinje azikwazi ukwenzeka empilweni. Laba bantu bangakwazi, kodwa laba bantu abalokothi bakwenze, ngoba imodeli yami iqinisekisa ukuthi angeke kube khona ukulingana kulelo klasi. Uma unikeza isibonelo esiphikisayo, ngizothi - lokhu kungumkhawulo wokusetshenziswa, imodeli yami ikhubazekile kule ndawo ngesizathu esisodwa noma esinye. Lokhu akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngethiyori yokulingana okujwayelekile futhi yingakho.
Ngoba... Yini enquma ukuziphatha kwesistimu yezomnotho ngaphandle kokulingana? Kwabanye "r"? Kungenzeka ukwakha isidingo esiningi phezu kokuhlinzekwa.
Sehlisa izintengo kusuka ophahleni futhi sazi kahle ukuthi yiziphi izimpahla ezizoshoda nokuthi yiziphi ezizoba yinsada. Singasho nakanjani mayelana nale vector (i-theorem ye-1970) ukuthi uma izakhiwo ezincane zihlangene, ngakho-ke kuhlale kungenzeka ukwakha uhlelo lwezomnotho (bonisa idatha yokuqala) lapho lo msebenzi othile uzoba umsebenzi wokufuna ngokweqile. Kunoma yiziphi izintengo ezishiwo, leli nani levekhtha eleqile lizokhishwa. Kungenzeka ukulingisa ngokuphelele noma yikuphi ukuziphatha okubonakalayo okunengqondo usebenzisa imodeli yokulinganisa evamile. Ngakho-ke, le modeli ayinakukhohlisa. Ingakwazi ukubikezela noma yikuphi ukuziphatha, lokhu kunciphisa incazelo yayo engokoqobo.
Ezindaweni ezimbili imodeli yokulinganisa ejwayelekile iyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngendlela esobala. Kunamamodeli okulingana ajwayelekile asebenzisekayo acabangela umnotho omkhulu wamazwe ezingeni eliphezulu lokuhlanganisa. Kungase kube kubi, kodwa bacabanga kanjalo.
Okwesibili, kukhona ukucaciswa okuncane okuhle kakhulu lapho ingxenye yokukhiqiza ishintsha, kodwa ingxenye yomthengi ihlala icishe ifane. Lawa amamodeli omncintiswano we-monopolistic. Esikhundleni sokuthi "ibhokisi elimnyama," kuvela ifomula yokuthi ukukhiqiza kusebenza kanjani, futhi esikhundleni "sesandla esingabonakali semakethe," kubonakala sengathi inkampani ngayinye inohlobo oluthile lwamandla okubusa. Ingxenye eyinhloko yemakethe yomhlaba i-monopolistic.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kwenziwa izimangalo eziqinile mayelana nezomnotho: "Imodeli kufanele ibikezele ukuthi kuzokwenzekani kusasa" nokuthi "Yini okufanele yenziwe uma isimo sisibi." Le mibuzo ayinancazelo nhlobo ngaphakathi kohlaka lwethiyori yokulingana evamile. Kukhona i-theorem (ithiyori yokuqala yezenhlalakahle): "Ukulingana okujwayelekile kuhlala kusebenza kahle ngePareto." Kusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngcono isimo kulesi simiso kuwo wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uma uthuthukisa othile, kwenziwa ngezindleko zomunye umuntu.
Le theorem ihluke kakhulu kulokho esikubonayo esizungezile, okuhlanganisa nephuzu lesikhombisa:
7. “Izimpahla zonke ziyimfihlo futhi azikho izinto zangaphandle”.
Eqinisweni, inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo "liboshelwe" komunye nomunye. Kunezibonelo eziningi lapho imisebenzi yezomnotho ithonyana (ukuchithwa kwemfucuza emfuleni, njll.) Ukungenelela kungaletha intuthuko kubo bonke ababambiqhaza ekuhlanganyeleni.
Incwadi eyinhloko kaTyrol: "Theory of Industrial Organization"
Ngeke silindele ukuthi izimakethe zizosebenzisana ngempumelelo futhi zikhiqize umphumela osebenzayo, sibona lokhu okusizungezile.
Umbuzo uthi: Indlela yokungenelela ukuze kulungiswe isimo? Kungani ungakwenzi kube kubi nakakhulu?
Kwenzeka ukuthi, ngokwengqondo, kuyadingeka ukungenelela, kodwa ngokusebenza:
8. Alukho ulwazi olwanele oludingekayo ukuze kungenelele ngendlela efanele.
Kumodeli yokulinganisa jikelele - ephelele.
Bengivele ngasho ukuthi lokhu kumayelana nezintandokazi zabantu. Uma ungenelela, udinga ukwazi okuthandwa yilaba bantu. Cabanga ukuthi uyangenelela esimweni esithile, uzoqala "ukusithuthukisa". Udinga ukwazi ulwazi mayelana nokuthi ubani "ozohlupheka" kulokhu nokuthi kanjani. Cishe kuyaqondakala ukuthi ama-ejenti ezomnotho azohlupheka kancane azothi azohlupheka kakhulu. Futhi labo abawina kancane bazowina kakhulu. Uma singenalo ithuba lokuhlola lokhu, ngena ekhanda lomuntu futhi uthole ukuthi yini umsebenzi wakhe wokusizakala.
Ayikho indlela yokubeka amanani "esandleni esingabonakali semakethe", futhi
9. Ukuncintisana okuphelele.
Indlela yesimanje lapho amanani avela khona, ethandwa kakhulu, ukuthi amanani amenyezelwa ngumuntu ohlela imakethe. Iphesenti elikhulu impela lemisebenzi yesimanje iyimisebenzi ehamba ngezindali. Enye indlela enhle kakhulu kulo modeli, ngokwemibandela yokungathembani esandleni esingabonakali semakethe, inkolelo-mbono yezindali. Futhi iphuzu eliyinhloko kulo ulwazi. Iluphi ulwazi umdayisi analo? Njengamanje ngifunda, ngingumphikisi osemthethweni kwelinye lama-dissertations, elenziwa ku-Yandex. I-Yandex yenza izindali zokukhangisa. “Bafoka” kuwe. I-Yandex isebenza ngendlela engcono kakhulu yokuyithengisa. I-dissertation ihlakaniphe ngokuphelele, esinye seziphetho asilindelekile neze: "Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi kukhona umdlali obhejayo omkhulu kakhulu." Hhayi ngokwesilinganiso (kunabakhangisi abangu-30% abanesikhundla esiqine kakhulu nezicelo), khona-ke lolu lwazi alulutho uma luqhathaniswa neqiniso lokuthi uyazi ukuthi umuntu ungene emakethe futhi manje uzama ukufaka lesi sikhangiso. Lolu lwazi olwengeziwe lukuvumela ukuthi uguqule ngokuphawulekayo umkhawulo wokubamba iqhaza, ukhulise kakhulu imali engenayo evela ekuthengisweni kwendawo yokukhangisa, okuyinto emangalisayo. Angizange ngicabange ngakho nhlobo, kodwa lapho ngichazelwa umshini futhi kuboniswa izibalo, kwadingeka ngivume ukuthi kwakunjalo. I-Yandex iyisebenzise futhi empeleni yabona ukwanda kwenzuzo.
Uma ungenelela emakethe, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi kuyini okuthandwa yiwo wonke umuntu. Kusuke kungasabonakali ukuthi sekufanele kungenelele.
Kukhona nokuqonda okukha phezulu okungase kuvele kungalungile ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, ukuqonda okukha phezulu kwe-monopoly ukuthi kungcono ukulawula i-monopoly, isibonelo, ukuyihlukanisa ibe amafemu amabili, amathathu noma amane, i-oligopoly izovela futhi inhlalakahle yomphakathi izokwanda. Lolu ulwazi olujwayelekile oluvela ezincwadini zokufunda. Kodwa kuya ngezimo. Uma ungumnikazi wezimpahla ezihlala isikhathi eside, khona-ke le modeli yokuziphatha yezwe ingaba yingozi ngokuphelele. Cha eminyakeni engu-0 edlule kwakukhona isibonelo empeleni.
Saqala ukukhulula amarekhodi e-Rock Encyclopedia. Sasinamakhophi athile esikoleni ayethi awuhlelo olulinganiselwe futhi athengiswa ngama-ruble angu-40. Kwadlula izinyanga ezi-2 futhi wonke amashalofu ayegcwele lawa marekhodi futhi abiza ama-ruble angu-3. Laba bantu bazame ukudicilela phansi umphakathi ukuthi lokhu bekungajwayelekile. I-monopolist, uma ikhiqiza izimpahla ezihlala njalo, iqala ukuncintisana nayo ngokwayo "kusasa". Uma ezama ukuthengisa ngenani eliphezulu namuhla, kusasa lokhu okuthile kungathengiswa/kuthengwe kabusha. Unenkinga yokukholisa abathengi banamuhla ukuthi bangalindi kuze kube kusasa. Izintengo ziphansi kunokujwayelekile. Bekuyi .
Kukhona "i-Coase hypothesis," ethi i-monopolist onobuhle obuhlala isikhathi eside obuyekeza inqubomgomo yayo yentengo ngokuvamile ilahlekelwa ngokuphelele amandla okubusa. Kamuva, lokhu kwafakazelwa ngokuqinile ngokusekelwe kumbono womdlalo.
Ake sithi awuyazi le miphumela bese unquma ukuhlukanisa u-monopoly onjalo. Kwavela i-oligopoly enezimpahla ezihlala isikhathi eside. Kufanele imodelwe ngendlela eguquguqukayo. Ngenxa yalokho, bagcina inani le-monopoly! Kungenye indlela. Ukuhlaziywa kwemakethe okunemininingwane kubaluleke kakhulu.
10. Isidingo
Kunezigidi zabathengi ezweni; ukuhlanganisa kuzokwenziwa kumodeli. Esikhundleni senani elikhulu labathengi abancane, kuzovela umthengi ohlanganisiwe. Lokhu kuphakamisa izinkinga eziningi kokubili kokubaluleka kwethiyori nokwemisebenzi.
Ukuhlanganiswa kushayisana nokuthandwayo nemisebenzi yensiza. (Borman, 1953). Ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa ezifanayo ngokukhetha okulula kakhulu. Imodeli izoba nokulahlekelwa.
Kumodeli ehlanganisiwe, isidingo siyibhokisi elimnyama.
Bekukhona inkampani yezindiza. Wayeba nendiza eyodwa ngosuku eya eYekaterinburg. Bese kuba kabili. Futhi omunye wabo uhamba ngo-6 ekuseni esuka eMoscow. Kwani?
Uhlukanisa imakethe, futhi "kubantu abacebile" abangafuni ukundiza kusenesikhathi, usetha inani eliphakeme.
Kukhona futhi ukuphikisa okunengqondo. Ukuthi abantu baziphathe ngokungenangqondo. Kodwa ngobuningi bawo umbono onengqondo uyavela kancane kancane.
Uma ufuna ukufunda ezomnotho, qala ufunde imodeli ejwayelekile. Bese “qala ukungabaza” bese uhlola ukuphikisa ngakunye. Kulowo nalowo kubo isayensi yonke iqala! Uma ufunda zonke lezi "zahluko", uzoba isazi sezomnotho esinekhono kakhulu.
U-Tirol uvele ekuchazeni "ukuphikisa" okuningana. Kodwa akusona isizathu esenza ngimnike uMklomelo KaNobel.
Indlela yokwakha isithunzi
Ngiphakamisa ukuthi ucabange ngalezi zindaba. futhi uma ngikutshela ngesithunzi sami, sizoxoxa ngakho.
Ngo-2005, kwenziwa izinguquko ezingakaze zibonwe eGeorgia. KUxoshwe wonke umbutho wamaphoyisa kuleli. Lena indaba yokuqala.
Indaba yesibili. Ngemva kokuhlakazwa kwemihlangano eMoscow ngo-11-12, wonke amaphoyisa athola izinombolo zemikhono nemivimbo enamagama awo.
Lezi izindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zenkinga efanayo. Izwe noma iqembu labantu lingabhekana kanjani nedumela elibi kakhulu lomphakathi othile ngaphakathi?
"Vula wonke umuntu futhi uqashe abasha" noma "wenza udlame lube samuntu."
Ngiyaqinisa futhi ngizobhekisa kuTyrol ukuthi sithathe indlela ehlakaniphe kakhulu.
Ngikunikeza amamodeli amathathu esithunzi. Ezimbili zaziwa ngaphambi kukaTyrol, futhi wasungula eyesithathu.
Liyini idumela? Kukhona udokotela wamazinyo oya kuye futhi umncome lo dokotela kwabanye abantu. Lesi idumela lakhe siqu, wazakhela lona. Sizocabangela idumela elihlangene.
Kunomphakathi - amasosha, osomabhizinisi, ubuzwe, uhlanga (Amazwe aseNtshonalanga awathandi ukuxoxa ngamatemu athile).
Isibonelo se-1
Kukhona iqembu. Ngaphakathi lapho umhlanganyeli ngamunye ebhalwe “ebunzini lakhe”. Ephuma lapho, wayesemazi umuntu. Kodwa awukwazi ukunquma ngumuntu waleli qembu ukuthi ukhona noma cha. Isibonelo, lapho i-USA yamukela abafundi abavela ku-NES ezinhlelweni ze-PhD.
Ngokuvamile, iMelika idelela umhlaba wonke. Uma ingekho imicibisholo, uyadelela, uma kukhona imicibisholo, uyadelela, uyesaba. Uphatha umhlaba ngale ndlela futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uphonsa induku yokudoba njengomdobi ... O, inhlanzi enhle! Uzoba inhlanzi yaseMelika. Leli zwe alakhelwe phezu kwezimiso zokuqala zobuFascist, kodwa kwezakhiwe. Sizoqoqa konke okuhle futhi yingakho sihamba phambili.
Umuntu ovela "ezweni lesithathu" ufika eMelika bese kuvela ukuthi uthweswe iziqu ku-NES. Bese kuba khona into ekhanyayo emehlweni abaqashi. Ibanga lokuhlolwa alibalulekile kangako kuneqiniso lokuthi livela ku-NES.
Lena imodeli ekha phezulu kakhulu.
Isibonelo se-2
Akulungile neze ngokwepolitiki.
Idumela njengogibe lwesikhungo.
Nangu umuntu omnyama ezokusebenzela. (EMelika) Ungumqashi, mbheke: “Yebo, ungumNigro, empeleni anginalutho ngokumelene namaNigro, angiyena umuntu ocwasa ngokwebala. Kodwa bamane nje bayiziphukuphuku. Yingakho ngingeke ngikuthathe." Futhi uba ubandlululo “ngezenzo”, hhayi ngemibono.
“Angazi noma uhlakaniphile yini, nsizwa, kodwa ngokwesilinganiso, abantu abafana nawe bayiziphukuphuku. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka, ngizokwenqaba.”
Luyini ugibe lwesikhungo? Eminyakeni engu-10 edlule lo mfana waya esikoleni. Futhi uyacabanga: “Ingabe ngizofunda kanye nomakhelwane wami omhlophe etafuleni lami? Okwani? Bazokuqasha kuphela ngemisebenzi yamakhono aphansi noma kunjalo. Ngisho noma ngisebenza kanzima futhi ngithola idiploma, ngeke ngikwazi ukufakazela lutho kunoma ubani. Ngiyazi ukuthi yonke into isebenza kanjani - bazobona ubuso bami obumnyama futhi bacabange ukuthi ngiyafana nabo bonke abantu eqenjini lami." Kuvele kube yibhalansi embi kangaka. Abamnyama abafundi ngoba bengaqashwa, futhi ababaqashi ngoba bengafundi. Inhlanganisela ezinzile yamasu abo bonke abadlali.
Isibonelo se-3
Kukhona ukuxhumana okuthile. Okwenzeka phakathi komuntu okhethwe ngokungahleliwe kulesi sibalo (abantu) kanye (namaphoyisa). Noma osomabhizinisi bamasiko.
Nginomngane ongusomabhizinisi ovame ukuxhumana namasiko, futhi uyaqinisekisa lo modeli.
Unesidingo/isifiso somuntu (kubantu/usomabhizinisi) ukuthintana (amaphoyisa/amasiko) futhi umnikeze uhlobo oluthile “lomsebenzi”. Qonda isimo bese uhambisa izimpahla. Futhi ngaleyo ndlela uveza isenzo sokwethembana. Futhi umuntu okhona lapho uthatha isinqumo. Akanaso isitembu ebunzini lakhe (imodeli 1), noma isinqumo sokutshala imali kuye (imodeli 2), nanoma yini enquma kusengaphambili ukuthi uzosebenza kanjani namuhla. Kukhona kuphela intando yakhe enhle yamanje.
Ake sihlaziye ukuthi lokhu kukhetha kuncike kuphi nokuthi ugibe luvelaphi?
Indoda ibheka isikhulu. UTyrol uphakamise into eyodwa kuphela, into eyayingabaza ngencazelo yayo. Kodwa uchaza konke. Uphakamise ukuthi akwaziwa ngokungethenjwa ngalesi sikhulu ukuthi senzeni phambilini. Ngamanye amazwi, kunendaba emayelana nawo wonke umuntu. Empeleni, kungase kwaziwe ngaleli phoyisa ukuthi laliqola imali ngokwenza umsebenzi walo. Sezwa izindaba ngalesi siphathimandla sentela mayelana nendlela elibambezela ngayo impahla. Kodwa mhlawumbe awukezwa.
Kukhona ipharamitha ye-theta esuka ku-0 kuye ku-1, okuthi uma iseduze noziro, bese ubalekela yonke into. Uma sikhuluma nje, uma iphoyisa lingenazo izinombolo, lingashaya noma ubani, akekho ozokwazi ngakho futhi akukho okuzokwenzeka kulo. Futhi uma kukhona ipuleti lelayisense, i-theta iseduze neyodwa. Uzongena ezindlekweni ezinkulu.
EGeorgia, banquma ukugawula ukuntula ukholo ngokuphelele ngembazo. Baqasha amaphoyisa amasha futhi bacabanga ukuthi isithunzi esidala sizofa. U-Tirol uthi yikuphi ukulingana okunamandla okukhona lapha...
I-equilibria isebenza kanjani? Uma kuthintwa isikhulu kusho ukuthi basithatha sithembekile. Umuntu angenza ngokwethembeka ngempela, noma enze kabi. Lokhu kuzonquma kancane “umlando wami wesikweletu”. Kusasa ngeke bangithinte uma bethola ukuthi ngiziphathe ngokungathembeki. Isilinganiso sokukholelwa ezikhulwini ezingadalulwanga siphansi kakhulu. Ngakusasa mancane amathuba okuthi baxhumane nawe. Uma ususifakile isicelo, khona-ke lokhu kuyivelakancane futhi udinga ukukusebenzisa ngokugcwele futhi ukuphanga. Sonke singamasela namaqili la futhi akekho ozosiphendukela vele. Sizoqhubeka singamasela namaqili.
Olunye uhlobo lwe-dynamic equilibrium ukuthi abantu bakholelwa ukuthi izikhulu ziziphatha kahle futhi ziphathwa kahle. Ngakho-ke, kusasa, uma idumela lakho lihlanzekile, uzonikezwa okuningi. Futhi uma uzonakalisa, inani lezicelo kuwe liyancipha. Futhi lesi isici esibalulekile. Uma unokholo olunjalo, ulahlekelwa kakhulu ekuziphatheni okubi.
I-Tirol ibonisa ukuthi ku-dynamics, yikuphi ukulingana okuvelayo kuncike kakhulu ku-theta, hhayi ezimweni zokuqala.
Ngokwethula i-theta, ukhulisa isibopho somuntu siqu. Uma enza kahle, kuzobhalwa ngaye, abantu bazophendukela kuye, noma bengaphendukeli kwabanye.
Source: www.habr.com