Ubudlelwano phakathi kwabalingani, obugcwele ukunakekelwa, izimpawu zokunakwa nozwela, bubizwa ngokuthi uthando yizimbongi, kodwa izazi zezinto eziphilayo zikubiza ngokuthi ubudlelwano bobulili obuthile obuhloselwe ukusinda nokuzala. Ezinye izinhlobo zithanda ukuthatha izinombolo - ukuzalana nabalingani abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kwandiswe inani lenzalo, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise amathuba okusinda kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane. Abanye bakha imibhangqwana eshadile, engayeka ukuba khona kuphela ngemva kokushona komunye wabalingani. Iminyaka eminingi, ososayensi babekholelwa ukuthi inketho yokuqala inenzuzo enkulu, kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Imibhangqwana e-Monogamous, njengomthetho, ikhulisa inzalo yabo ndawonye, ββi.e. mvikele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, thola ukudla futhi umfundise amakhono athile, kanti ebudlelwaneni besithembu konke lokhu kuvame ukuwela emahlombe abantu besifazane abantekenteke. Yebo, kukhona okuhlukile, kodwa namuhla asikhulumi ngakho. Sekuyisikhathi eside izazi zezinto eziphilayo zinesithakazelo kwelinye iphuzu elithakazelisayo - abesilisa baqhubeka bebonisa izimpawu zokunaka kwabesifazane, ngisho nalapho umbhangqwana wabo usuvele wakhiwe futhi usuneminyaka eminingana ukhona. Yini ebangela lokhu kuziphatha, yini inzuzo kukho, futhi yiziphi izici zokuziphendukela kwemvelo ezihlobene nakho? Sizothola izimpendulo zale mibuzo embikweni weqembu locwaningo. Hamba.
Isisekelo socwaningo
Uma kubhekwa isihloko socwaningo, ngeke sigxile ohlotsheni lwezinyoni zesithembu, kodwa sizogxila kwabathandanayo abanezimpaphe abathandana unomphela.
Ekhuluma nge-monogamy, kufanelekile ukuphawula ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningana zayo kuye ngokuthi ubude besikhathi: isizini eyodwa, iminyaka eminingana kanye nokuphila.
Phakathi kwezinyoni, inkathi yokuba ne-monogamy yesizini ivame kakhulu. Isibonelo esimangalisayo kungaba amahansi asendle. Ezinsikazi zihilelekile ekuzaleleni nasekufukameleni amaqanda, kanti eyeduna inomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvikela indawo. Ngosuku lwesibili ngemva kokuchanyuselwa, umndeni uya echibini eliseduze, lapho amachwane efunda khona ukuzifunela ukudla. Uma kwenzeka ingozi emanzini, insikazi ivikela inzalo ngonya, kodwa eyeduna, ngokusobala ekhumbula izinto ezibalulekile, ngokuvamile iyabaleka. Hhayi ubudlelwano obuhle kakhulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ububheka kanjani.
Umndeni wamahansi asendle.
Uma sikhuluma ngobudlelwano, isisekelo esiwukungaguquguquki, khona-ke ogolantethe bangcono kakhulu kule ndaba. Bakha umbhangqwana oshade nomuntu oyedwa ukuphila kwabo konke futhi abashintshi ngisho nendawo yokuhlala ngaphandle uma kunesidingo. Isidleke esisodwa sonogolantethe, esingaba nesisindo esingama-250 kg futhi sifinyelele ku-1.5 m ububanzi, sibasebenzela iminyaka eminingi uma izinhlekelele zemvelo noma ukungenelela komuntu kungabhubhisi. Kukhona isidleke eCzech Republic esakhiwa emuva ngo-1864.
Amakhono okwakha kanogolantethe awadingi ukunconywa lapho ubona izakhiwo ezinjalo.
Ngokungafani namahansi asendle, onogolantethe banemithwalo yemfanelo elinganayo: bobabili abalingani bachanyusela amaqanda, bafuna ukudla, bafundise inzalo ukundiza futhi bayivikele ezingozini. Izinhlobo ezehlukene zemikhuba zidlala indima ebalulekile ebudlelwaneni bukanogolantethe: ukucula, ukudansa, njll. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi la masiko awenziwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kombhangqwana (ngosuku lokuqala), kodwa futhi kukho konke ukuphila kwawo ndawonye (ngisho nalapho eshintsha owesifazane ngesikhathi sokufukamela, owesilisa wenza umdanso omncane). Kithina, lokhu kubukeka kukuhle kakhulu, kunothando futhi kungenangqondo ngokuphelele, ngoba ngokombono webhayoloji akukho nzuzo ekuziphatheni okunjalo. Kunjalo? Futhi lapha singakwazi ukuqala ngokushelelayo ukucabangela isifundo ngokwaso, obekufanele siphendule lo mbuzo.
Izazi ze-Ethology* Bakholelwa ukuthi ukubonakaliswa njalo kwemizwa yabo ngabesilisa kuhlotshaniswa nokugcinwa kwesimo sokuzala kwabesifazane.
I-Ethology* - isayensi ecwaninga ukuziphatha okunqunywe ngofuzo, i.e. umzwelo wemvelo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akucaci ukuthi kungani lokhu kuziphatha kungagcini nje kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzalanisa okuyisisekelo, kodwa kukho konke ukuphila, ngoba kungaba okunengqondo ukuthi abesilisa batshale amandla amaningi namandla enzalweni yabo, kunokuba babonise imizwa yezingane zabo. owesifazane. Njengamanje, abacwaningi abaningi babekholelwa ukuthi ukuqina kokubonakaliswa kothando kowesifazane kuthinta ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yokukhwelana, ngakho-ke, inzalo (okungukuthi inani lamaqanda abekwe).
Inyoni yesilisa yasepharadesi idansa phambi kwensikazi. Njengoba sibona, eyeduna ibukeka ikhanya kakhulu kuneyensikazi.
Lo mbono uqinisekiswa ngokubhekwa. Insikazi umlingani wayo oyindoda ebukekayo engabhalwanga futhi owokuqala endizela edolobhaneni wenza umzamo omkhulu enzalweni yakhe kunokuba eyeduna ingeyona inhlanzi noma inyoni. Kuzwakala kumnandi futhi kuhlekisa, kodwa amasiko abesilisa abenza phambi kwabesifazane ahloselwe ukukhombisa ubuhle kuphela, kodwa namandla. Kwenzeka lokhu nje ukuthi izimpaphe ezikhanyayo, ukucula okuhle nokunye ukubonakaliswa kwabesilisa kumane kuyizimpawu zokuqonda kwabesifazane, azihlukanisa zibe ulwazi mayelana nowesilisa.
Ososayensi abavela emanyuvesi aseNorth Carolina naseChicago, umsebenzi wabo esiwucabangela namuhla, bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuziphatha kwabesilisa kuhloswe ngakho ukuthuthukisa ukuziphatha kwabesifazane maqondana nenqubo yokuzalanisa abantwana.
Imodeli ephakanyiswe ososayensi isekelwe ekuhloleni okuningi okuye kwabonisa ukuthi ukuqinisa lezi zimpawu ezivela kwabesilisa kwandisa umnikelo wabesifazane ohlelweni lokuzala. Kuye kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi umthombo wemiphumela enjalo evuselelayo yizimpendulo zokuqonda ezivela ezintweni zemvelo, amasignali kanye nesimiso sezinzwa ngokwazo. Okwamanje, izibonelo ezingaba ngu-100 zalokhu "ukuphambuka" ezimisweni ezijwayelekile zezinzwa (ukuzwa, ukubona nokuhogela) zaziwa.
Lapho owesilisa ephinda ebonisa izinzuzo zakhe ngaphezu kwabanye abesilisa, lokhu kungaba nomphumela omuhle kowesilisa ngokwakhe (owesifazane uzomkhetha nakanjani). Kodwa kowesifazane lokhu kungaba yingozi, ngoba kuzonciphisa ukukhiqizwa kokuzala esikhathini esizayo. Ngamanye amazwi, sinesimo βesidlule esilindelekileβ. Owesilisa ongcono kakhulu kunabanye abesilisa futhi njalo ebonisa izimpawu zokuthakasela kowesifazane uzothola lokho akufunayo - ukukhwelana nokuzala, noma kunalokho uhlobo lwakhe. Owesifazane olindele ukuziphatha okufanayo kwabanye abesilisa, kodwa angakutholi, angase azithole esesimweni esibucayi. Ososayensi babiza icala elinjalo njengokungqubuzana kobulili obuhlukile: ukuzibonakalisa kwabesilisa njengokwanda okuhle phakathi kwenani labantu, futhi ukumelana naleli qhinga kukhula phakathi kwabesifazane.
Lokhu kungqubuzana kumodelwe kusetshenziswa indlela yokubala (amanethiwekhi e-neural). Kumamodeli avelayo, isignali (umthombo wesignali - owesilisa) isebenzisa umbono wokuqonda womuntu owamukelayo (umamukeli wesignali - owesifazane), okuvuselela amasignali ngokwawo ekulimazeni kokubona. Esikhathini esithile, ushintsho ekubonweni kwezimpawu kubantu besifazane (uhlobo lokuguqulwa), ngenxa yalokho amandla amasignali avela emthonjeni (owesilisa) azokwehla kakhulu. Ukwanda kancane kancane kwezinguquko ezinjalo kuzoholela eqinisweni lokuthi uhlobo olulodwa noma olunye lwesignali luzosebenza ngokuphelele. Njengoba izinguquko ezinjalo zenzeka, ezinye izimpawu ziyanyamalala, zilahlekelwa amandla, kodwa zivela ezintsha, futhi inqubo iqala kabusha.
Lolu hlelo olusontekile lulula ekusebenzeni. Cabanga ukuthi owesilisa ubonakala enophaphe olukhanyayo (olulodwa kuphela), ugqama kwabanye, futhi abesifazane bakhetha kuye. Bese kuvela iduna elinezimpaphe ezimbili ezikhanyayo, bese kuba nezintathu, njll. Kodwa amandla esignali enjalo, ngenxa yokukhula nokusabalala kwayo, iqala ukuwa ngokulinganayo. Bese kuthi kusenjalo kuqhamuke eyeduna ekwazi ukucula kamnandi futhi yakhe izidleke. Ngenxa yalokho, izimpaphe ezinhle njengesignali ziyayeka ukusebenza futhi ziqala ukuwohloka.
Kodwa-ke, kuhlale kukhona okuhlukile kulo mthetho - okunye ukungqubuzana kobulili obuhlukile kungathuthuka kube ukubambisana okuphelele nokuphumelela kakhulu kobulili phakathi kobulili.
Uhlelo lokuvela kokungqubuzana kobulili phakathi kobulili nokubambisana.
Okubalulekile ukuthi iduna elinesignali evelele kakhulu iphoqa owesifazane ukuthi angazaleli amaqanda amathathu, kodwa amane. Lokhu kuhle kowesilisa - uzoba nenzalo eningi ngofuzo lwakhe. Kowesifazane, hhayi kakhulu, ngoba kuzodingeka asebenzise umzamo owengeziwe ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi yonke inzalo iyasinda futhi ifinyelele iminyaka yokuzimela. Ngenxa yalokho, abesifazane baqala ukukhula ngokufana nabesilisa ukuze bakwazi ukumelana nezimpawu zabo. Umphumela ungaba izindlela ezimbili: ukungqubuzana noma ukubambisana.
Endabeni yokubambisana, abesifazane bayashintsha ukuze babeke amaqanda angu-3, ββnjengangaphambi kokuvela kwesignali enamandla evela kwabesilisa, kodwa baqhubeke besabela kulezi zimpawu. Kakhulu ngamaqhinga abesifazane emhlabeni wemvelo. Ngale ndlela, akuwona nje umbhangqwana owakhiwe, kodwa umbhangqwana osekela omunye nomunye ezingeni eliphezulu lokuzala kusukela ekubukeni kokuxhumana kwesignali-impendulo.
Abesilisa abakwazi ukuguqukela emuva, uma sikhuluma nje. Izimpawu zabo ezithuthukisiwe kwabesifazane zikhiqiza i-clutch yamaqanda amathathu, i.e. hhayi njengoba bekulindelekile. Kodwa-ke, ukunciphisa isignali ezingeni langaphambilini nakho ngeke kuphumelele, ngoba kuzoholela ekunciphiseni kwenani lamaqanda ku-clutch kuya kwamabili. Kuvela umbuthano ononya - abesilisa abakwazi ukunciphisa amandla esignali futhi abakwazi ukukwandisa, ngoba abesifazane esimweni sokuqala bazozala abantwana abambalwa, futhi esimweni sesibili ngeke baphendule.
Ngokwemvelo, abekho abesilisa nabesifazane abanezinhloso ezimbi noma isifiso sokugqilaza omunye nomunye. Yonke le nqubo yenzeka ezingeni lofuzo futhi ihloselwe kuphela ukuzuzisa inzalo yombhangqwana ngamunye kanye nenhlalakahle yezinhlobo zezilwane zizonke.
Imiphumela yocwaningo
Besebenzisa ukumodela kwezibalo, ososayensi bahlole izimo ukubambisana phakathi kwabobulili obuhlukile okungenzeka. Isici sobuningi esinevelu emaphakathi zf ichaza indima enkulu owesifazane enzalweni yakhe. Ekuqaleni, inani elimaphakathi livunyelwe ukuthi lithuthuke libe yinani eliphelele zopt, okuncike ezintweni ezimbili ezihlukile: inzuzo evela kutshalo-mali (inani lenzalo esaphila) kanye nezindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali kwabesifazane (cf). Okuguquguqukayo kokugcina kuhlolwa ngemva kokuzala, okusho ukuthi ezinye zezinsikazi ziyaphila futhi zingase ziphinde zikhiqize inzalo ngonyaka olandelayo, okuholela ekwandeni kwezizukulwane.
Kunamagama amaningana azosetshenziswa njalo kulo lonke lolu cwaningo okufanele achazwe kancane:
- amasiginali - ukubonakaliswa kokunaka kwabesilisa kubalingani besifazane (ukucula, ukudansa kanye neminye imikhuba) eyenzeka ngamabhangqa akhiwe;
- umnikelo / Izimali - ukusabela kwabesifazane kulezi zibonakaliso, kuboniswe ngenani elikhulu lamaqanda ku-clutch, isikhathi esiningi sokunakekela inzalo yesikhathi esizayo, njll;
- ophendulayo - owesifazane usabela kumasignali avela kowesilisa;
- izindleko β izindleko zomnikelo wezinsikazi enzalweni (isikhathi sokuhlala esidlekeni, isikhathi sokufuna ukudla, isimo sempilo ngenxa yenani elikhulu/elincane lamaqanda ku-clutch, njll.).
Amasiginali wesilisa anoveli kanye nezimpendulo zabesifazane kuwo zamodela kusetshenziswa iziguquli ezihlanganisa ngokukhululekile ze-diallelic single-locus, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlanganiswe izindlela zofuzo zobuningi kanye nenani labantu. IN indawo*, elawula impendulo yowesifazane (A), ekuqaleni imvamisa ephezulu ye-allele ibonakala -ophendulayo* (A2), ehambisana nombono osuvele ukhona
I-Locus* - indawo yofuzo oluthile kumephu yofuzo yechromosome.
Alleles* - izinhlobo ezahlukene zesakhi sofuzo esitholakala endaweni efanayo yama-chromosome angama-homologous. Ama-alleles anquma indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwesici esithile.
Ufuzo lomphenduli* (Rsp) isakhi sofuzo esisebenza ngokusebenza nesici se-segregation disorder (i-SD gene), i-allele esebenzayo (Rsp+) ekwazi ukucindezela isisho se-SD.
I-locus yesignali (B) ekuqaleni igxilile ku-allele engeyona isignali (B1). Bese kwethulwa i-allele ye-B2, okubangela ukuthi kuvele izimpawu zesilisa.
Ukubonisa izimpawu zabesilisa nakho kunentengo yakho (sm), kodwa inyusa umnikelo wozakwethu wesifazane (A2) ngevelu engu-Ξ±. Isibonelo, u-Ξ± angavezwa njengeqanda elengeziwe ku-clutch. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwanda komnikelo wesifazane kungase futhi kubonakale ngendlela yemiphumela emihle anayo enzalweni yakhe.
Ngakho-ke, ipheya lapho owesilisa ephethe i-allele ebonisa isignali futhi owesifazane ephethe i-allele ephendulayo (okungukuthi amapheya we-A2B2) unomnikelo owengeziwe ovela kowesifazane ngakho-ke i-fecundity ephakeme kunezinye izinhlanganisela ezingu-3.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanganisela zabesilisa nabesifazane ngokuya ngesilinganiso samasiginali kanye nezimpendulo kuzo.
Inani lenzalo esele ukuze lizalane ngonyaka olandelayo liyathinteka ukuminyana* ngaphakathi kwe-brood kanye nokuncika ku-brood density ngemva kokuphuma.
Ukuncika kokuminyana* Izinqubo ezincike ekuminyana zenzeka lapho izinga lokukhula labantu lilawulwa ukuminyana kwaleso sibalo sabantu.
Elinye iqembu leziguquko lihlotshaniswa nokufa kwabesifazane nabesilisa ngemva kokuzalwa kwezingane. Lokhu okuguquguqukayo kunqunywa umnikelo ku-brood (cm - umnikelo wabesilisa, cf - umnikelo wabesifazane), izindleko zezimpawu zabesilisa (sm) kanye nokufa okungakhethi (dm - abesilisa kanye df - abesifazane).
Abafelokazi, abafelokazi, izingane kanye nanoma yibaphi ababengashadile ngaphambili bayahlangana ukuze bakhe ababili abasha futhi umjikelezo wonyaka uyaphothulwa. Kumodeli esicwaningwayo, okugcizelelwayo kusegazini lomfazi oyedwa, ngakho-ke zonke izinhlobo zokukhetha ezocansi (okungukuthi, ukuncintisana phakathi kwabantu ngozakwethu) azifakwa ezibalweni.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kokuvela kwezimpawu, abaphenduli kanye neminikelo.
Ukumodela kubonise ukuthi ukulingana okuzinzile kufinyelelwa lapho abesilisa benikeza amasignali futhi abesifazane besabela kuwo. Ngokulingana, wonke umnikelo enzalweni ubuyiselwa ezingeni owawukuwo ngaphambi kokuvela kwezimpawu ezengeziwe zabesilisa.
Eshadini Π Okungenhla kukhombisa isibonelo se-evolutionary dynamics lapho umnikelo wesifazane enzalweni ubuyela ezingeni eliphezulu, okuwumphumela wokuvela kwesici somthamo womnikelo (umugqa oluhlaza onamachashazi uwumnikelo wangempela, kanye nomugqa oluhlaza oqinile. umnikelo ongazange ubonakale ngenxa yokuntuleka kokusabela kwabesifazane kumasignali engeziwe wesilisa). Eshadini Π Esinye isibonelo siboniswa lapho ukungqubuzana kobulili obuhlukile kuholela ekulahlekelweni kommangalelwa.
Futhi kugrafu Π‘ Kuhlonzwe amapharamitha amabili anomthelela kulo mphumela: ukwanda komnikelo okubangelwa amasignali engeziwe (Ξ±), kanye nezindleko zabesifazane kulokhu kutshalwa kwezimali (cf). Endaweni ebomvu eshadini, amasiginali awanyuki, njengoba izindleko zawo zizodlula inzuzo. Ezindaweni eziphuzi nezimnyama, ukuvama kwamasignali kuyanda, okuholela ekwandeni kokutshalwa kwezimali ezibizayo ngabesifazane. Endaweni ephuzi, impendulo kulokhu kwenzeka ngokunciphisa isici sokutshala izimali sobuningi, okuholela ekulungiseni unomphela ama-alleles kokubili amasignali nabaphenduli. Esifundeni esimnyama, lapho abesifazane abaphendulayo befaka imali eningi, i-allele ephendulayo ilahleka ngokushesha, ilandelwa amasiginali, njengamamodeli wendabuko wokungqubuzana kobulili obuhlukile (igrafu Π).
Umngcele omile phakathi kwezifunda ezibomvu neziphuzi umelela iphuzu lapho abesilisa bezuza khona ukutshalwa kwezimali okwengeziwe kwenzalo ngenxa yabesifazane abalinganisela izindleko zokubonisa kwabo izimpawu. Umngcele ovundlile ohlukanisa izindawo eziphuzi nezimnyama kusukela kokubomvu kwenzeka ngendlela efanayo, kodwa ngesizathu esingacacile. Lapho izindleko zokutshala izimali zabesifazane (cf) ziphansi, bese kuba inani eliphelele lomnikelo (zopt) izoba phezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke umnikelo wesifazane uzoba mkhulu kakhulu ezimeni zokuqala. Umphumela walokhu ukuthi amasiginali anikeza owesilisa inzuzo encane ngokulinganayo kusukela ekutshalweni kwezimali elucelayo, okuphinde kutholwe izindleko zayo.
Isikhala sepharamitha, lapho amasignali nezimpendulo zilungiswa khona (ophuzi), siyahlukahluka kuye ngamandla okukhetha kanye nokuhluka kofuzo kwe-allele yomphenduli. Isibonelo, uma imvamisa ye-allele yokuqala yomphenduli ingu-0.9 esikhundleni sika-0.99 esiboniswe esithombeni #2, ukwethulwa kwamasiginali kuphumela ekukhethweni okusebenza kahle kakhulu kubaphenduli (ukuhlukahluka kofuzo kokuqala kuphezulu) futhi isifunda esimnyama sinwebeka kwesokunxele.
Izimpawu zesilisa zingase zenzeke ngisho noma ziza nezindleko ezinciphisa umnikelo wendoda kubhulu yamanje (i-parameterized i-sfec), ngaleyo ndlela kuthinta ngqo ukufaneleka* kokubili owesilisa nowesifazane, esikhundleni sokunciphisa amathuba okusinda kwabesilisa.
Ukufaneleka* - ikhono lokukhiqiza kabusha abantu abane-genotype ethile.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezindleko ze-fecundity namasignali (kwesokunxele) kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwezindleko zokusebenza namasignali.
Mayelana nokuzala, lapho amasignali abesilisa egxilile (indawo ephuzi), bonke abesilisa batshala imali encane enzalweni kunangaphambi kokusayina. Kulokhu, umnikelo wabesifazane uzoba mkhulu kunangaphambili ngaphambi kokuvela kwezimpawu zesilisa.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwabesifazane, lapho izindleko zabesilisa zilawulwa yi-fecundity (kunokuba zisebenze), kwenyusa isilinganiso senani lenzalo ngepheya ngayinye, kodwa akunxeshezeli ngokugcwele. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, igalelo elikhulu labesifazane linyusa isilinganiso senani lezingane ezifika elisafufusa kodwa lehlisa isilinganiso sokuphila kwabesifazane. Lokhu kuholela ekwakhekeni kwebhalansi entsha phakathi kwala mabutho amabili, lapho isilinganiso senani lenzalo liphansi kunesimo sokusebenza okuvamile noma ezimweni zokuqala (ngaphambi kokubonakaliswa kwezibonakaliso).
Ngokombono wezibalo, kubukeka kanjena: uma izimpawu zabesilisa zandisa ukuzala ngo-1% (kodwa zingakhulisi ukusebenza kahle), izindleko zabesifazane ngenzalo zikhuphuka ngo-1.3%, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukufa kwabo kukhuphuka ngo-0.5 %, futhi inani lenzalo ngepheya ngayinye lehla ngo-0.16%.
Uma inani elilinganisiwe lomnikelo wesifazane ekuqaleni liphansi kunezinga eliphezulu (isibonelo, ngenxa yethonya lemvelo), khona-ke lapho izimpawu ezikhuthaza ukukhula kwezindleko zibonakaliswa, uhlelo olulinganiselayo luvela, i.e. ukubambisana phakathi kobulili. Esimweni esinjalo, izimpawu zesilisa azigcini nje ukwandisa umnikelo wabesifazane enzalweni, kodwa futhi nokuqina kwabo.
Ukuziphatha okunjalo kwabesilisa nabesifazane kuvame ukuvela ngenxa yezinguquko zangaphandle (isimo sezulu, indawo yokuhlala, inani lokudla okutholakalayo, njll.). Ngenxa yalokhu, ososayensi basikisela ukuthi ukwakheka kokuba nomfazi oyedwa kwezinye izinhlobo zesimanje, kuyilapho okhokho babo babenesithembu, kungenxa yokufuduka futhi, ngenxa yalokho, noshintsho endaweni ezungezile.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluningiliziwe ngama-nuances ocwaningo, ngincoma ukubheka ΠΈ kuyena.
Epilogue
Lolu cwaningo lubonise ubudlelwano phakathi kwesithembu kanye nendoda eyodwa ngokombono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Embusweni wezinyoni, abesilisa bebelokhu bezama ukwedlula omunye komunye ukuze bathole ukunaka kowesifazane: ngezimpaphe ezikhanyayo, umdanso omuhle, noma ngisho nokuboniswa kwamakhono abo okwakha. Lokhu kuziphatha kungenxa yokuncintisana phakathi kwabesilisa, okuvame ukuba yisici sezinhlobo zesithembu. Ngokombono wezinsikazi, zonke lezi zimpawu zenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlola izimfanelo zeduna okuzozuzwa inzalo yazo evamile. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abesilisa baqala ukuvela ngendlela yokuthi izimpawu zabo zazikhanya kakhulu kunezimbangi zabo. Abesifazane nabo baye bavela ukuze bamelane nezimpawu ezinjalo. Phela kumele kube nokulingana. Uma izindleko zabesifazane ngenzalo zingalingani nezinzuzo, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokwandisa izindleko. Kungcono ukubeka i-clutch yamaqanda ama-3 futhi usinde ohlelweni lokufukamela nokukhulisa inzalo kunokuzalela amahlanu bese ushona uzama ukuwavikela.
Ukungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo ezinjalo phakathi kobulili obuhlukile kungaholela ekwehleni okuyinhlekelele kwenani labantu, kodwa ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwathatha indlela enengqondo - endleleni yokubambisana. Emapheya athatha umfazi oyedwa, abesilisa bayaqhubeka nokuzibonakalisa ngayo yonke inkazimulo yabo, futhi abesifazane basabela kulokhu ngeqhaza elikhulu enzalweni.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izwe lezilwane zasendle alisindwa izimiso zokuziphatha, imithetho nezinkambiso, futhi zonke izenzo zinqunywa ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, izakhi zofuzo kanye nokomela ukuzala.
Mhlawumbe ku-romantics incazelo enjalo yesayensi yothando olunamaphiko izobonakala i-prosaic kakhulu, kodwa ososayensi bacabanga ngenye indlela. Phela, yini engaba yinhle ngaphezu kokuguquka ngendlela yokuthi kube nokulinganisela kanye nokubambisana kweqiniso phakathi kowesifazane nowesilisa, kucatshangelwa izithakazelo zombili izinhlangothi futhi okuhloswe ngazo ukuzuzisa izizukulwane ezizayo.
NgoLwesihlanu ekuseni:
Nakuba lezi zinyoni zingenalo igama elihle kakhulu (Grebes), umdanso wazo wokuhlangana muhle nje.
I-Off-top 2.0:
Izinyoni zepharadesi ziyisibonelo esihle (ngokwezwi nezwi) sezinhlobonhlobo zezimpawu abesilisa abazithumela kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokuzalela (BBC Earth, voice-over by David Attenborough).
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Source: www.habr.com