🥇Izinhlansi Zokuqhuma Okukhulu

Lesi sihloko siphinde sahunyushelwa esiNgisini futhi sashicilelwa Medium.

Lapho ihlobo lifika e-Chicago, ugu lweLake Michigan lushintsha lube umbono wekhadi leposi. Amamitha amanetha e-volleyball, izindlela zamabhayisikili, izinkundla ze-baseball, namabhishi anesihlabathi. Amafu amhlophe qhwa aphakama esibhakabhakeni. Ichibi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lihlotshiswe ngamachashazi amhlophe ezikebhe zazo zonke izinhlobo nobukhulu, nezibani ezimibalabala, umculo ojabulisayo, nabavakashile abajabule. Futhi izinsuku ezintathu ngo-Agasti, lonke ugu lolwandle luba isiteji soMbukiso Wamanzi Nomoya.

Njengokungathi lokho akwanele, isonto ngalinye kusukela eSikhumbuzweni kuya kuSuku Lwabasebenzi, i-Navy Pier ifaka imibukiso yeziqhumane. Ngobunye ubusuku basehlobo obuhle kangaka, sasivakashele isikebhe somngane wethu. KwakungoMgqibelo, futhi ngasekupheleni komcimbi, wadonsa isikebhe waze wafika endaweni okwakuqhunyiswa kuyo iziqhumane. Ngakho, lapho kuba mnyama, izimbali zomlilo ezingavamile, ezinemibala eminingi zaqhuma zisizungezile macala onke.

Kwabe sekufika umcabango engqondweni yami edakwe kancane futhi yanelisekile ukuthi ngangike ngabona into enjengale ndawana thize.

Big Bang

Konke kwaqala eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-13 edlule. Ukuqhuma kwamandla amakhulu kwadala indawo futhi ngokushesha yasigcwalisa ngemisebe kanye ne-plasma eshisayo ekhanyayo. Njengoba uMkhathi wanda futhi uphola, ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla ayisisekelo kwenzeka. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-240 000 (ukucwayiza kweso esikalini se-cosmic), ulutho lwagcina lukwazi ukuthwebula ama-electron futhi lwakha ama-athomu okuqala angathathi hlangothi—i-hydrogen ne-helium.

Umkhathi waba sobala okwesikhashana, okwenza ama-photon andize ngokukhululeka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, awasebenzisa ngokunenzuzo. I-hydrogen ne-helium kwase kwakhiwe kakade, kodwa izinkanyezi zazingakaveli. Lesi sikhathi sabiza ngokuthi "iNkathi Yobumnyama" ngoba okwesikhashana, akwenzekanga lutho.

Amandla adonsela phansi kancane kancane aqoqela igesi emafwini. Kwezinye izindawo, izigaxa zegesi zazigcwele kakhulu kangangokuthi ukucindezela kwabangela ukusabela kwe-thermonuclear. Izinkanyezi zokuqala zavela. Ukukhanyisa ngezibani ezikhazimulayo nomaphi lapho ubheka khona, isizukulwane sokuqala sezinkanyezi sasiphila impilo efushane kodwa evutha ngokwedlulele. Umlilo ovuthayo wawuqeda ngokushesha wonke uphethiloli wawo, futhi imidondoshiya emikhulu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yaqala ukuqhuma njengama-supernova, egcwalisa indawo yonke ngezinto ezinzima.

Kodwa amandla adonsela phansi awazange aphele. Manje lase liqoqa uthuli lwenkanyezi lube imithala. Amaza okucindezela adlula kumadiski amakhulu ajikelezayo, eqoqa igesi nothuli ezingalweni ezazikhanya ngokukhazimulayo ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezinkanyezi ezisanda kuzalwa, ezinamandla. Lakheka kanje iLanga lethu.

Futhi lesi yisikhathi esiphila kuso manje. Lapho kuhwalala—ngosuku oluguqubele—hamba usuke edolobheni, ubheke phezulu esibhakabhakeni, bese ucabanga ukuthi ungaphakathi kweziqhumane, futhi othile uke wathula kancane. Njengokungathi uhamba kancane, izinhlansi zesibhamu esivuthayo zikhanya yonke indawo lapho ubheka khona. Ama-disk nama-sphere emithala ahlakazekile kuyo yonke indawo yokubuka. Amafu nawo wonke amakhethini entuthu enemibala eminingi—ama-nebula.

Uma manje siqala inqubo yesikhathi futhi, eminyakeni eyizigidigidi ezimbalwa sizobona izinkanyezi ezisanda kuzalwa ezimbalwa nezimbalwa. Bayanda intuthu eshile nothuli. Futhi-ke kungazelelwe, kungazelelwe, umbukiso usuphelile. Ipheya le-relativistic stream eduzane. Nomaphi lapho ubheka khona, ama-dwarfs abomvu akhazimula ngokufiphele, njengamalahle emlilweni ophelayo. Indawo efudumele kancane ifinyelela ebangeni elingapheli.

Kodwa ngenkathi umbukiso usaqhubeka, bekuwumbukiso ongcono kakhulu endaweni yonke! Impela!

Ama-Embers okuphila

Ake sibuyisele emuva ifilimu yethu kancane, esikhathini esithakazelisa kakhudlwana, ngemva nje kokuba izinkanyezi ze-supernovae ne-neutron zigcwalise I-Universe ngezinto ezisindayo.

Lena inkathi yokubusa kwesizukulwane sesibili sezinkanyezi. Ngenxa yephalethi yonke yezakhi ezinkulisa zezinkanyezi, kulokhu sibona ukuzalwa kwama-supergiant anamandla. Amafu amakhulu, anyakazayo egesi nothuli oluminyene oluzungeze ama-protostar manje anqwabelana abe yizinhlayiya eziqinile, amatshe amatshe, namaplanethi anamadwala.

Ekuqaleni kokuphila kwalo, isimiso sezinkanyezi esinjalo esisanda kuzalwa sigcwele ama-asteroids endizayo nhlangothi zonke. Ayahlangana, ashayisane ngesivinini se-orbital, futhi adale amaplanethi nezinyanga. Kodwa linda iminyaka eyizigidi ezingamakhulu ambalwa, futhi cishe yonke into ebingase iwele izindlela iye, ishiya isimiso sonozungezilanga sihlanzekile njengoba ngemva kokuhlanza intwasahlobo. Inkanyezi ekhazimulayo, entsha emaphakathi nesistimu igeza izindawo zamaplanethi ngemisebe efudumele. Izinkambu zikazibuthe ezikhiqizwa amaplanethi nezigqoko zawo ziwavikela emisebeni eyingozi. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kukhiqiza izinhlanganisela eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Futhi, empeleni, indaba yethu yayingaphelela lapho. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kudla zonke izakhi ezitholakalayo. Kuze kube phakade, amaplanethi azoshisa emini futhi aphole ebusuku. Izinkathi zonyaka ezishintshayo zizohwamulisa amachibi ehlobo futhi siwaqhwaze ebusika. Sinesibonelo salokhu phakade esimisweni sethu sonozungezilanga—i-Titan.

Kodwa lokhu akwenzekanga eMhlabeni. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuzisekelayo kwake kwadala i-proto-life, futhi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwathatha induku. Futhi ngokushesha yonke iplanethi yambozwa izidalwa eziphilayo.

Ekuqaleni, izakhi eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinikezwa imvelo engaphili zazidingeka ukuze kuqhubeke ukuphila. Ukuphila, njengokugaya umfula, kwasebenzisa "amaphakethe ane-entropy ephansi" - ama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi - alungiselelwe wona, awaphule futhi akhulule amandla angaba khona. Isikhuthazo esincane sokuqala, njengamagatsha okuqala abaswa emlilweni olungiselelwe, sizala isivunguvungu somlilo.

Kodwa izitshalo zabe sezifunda ukudonsa amandla elangeni. Kwavela ama-ecosystems ayinkimbinkimbi. Futhi lapho ukuphila kuba yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, kulapho kungasebenzisa khona imithombo yamandla eyengeziwe. Indima yayo enkulu, idala ngempumelelo i-entropy. Isigaba ngasinye sokuthuthuka, ushintsho ngalunye emithonjeni yamandla, luguqula iplanethi. Bese—uhlelo lwezinkanyezi. Bese-ke—i-Universe ngokwayo.

Ukube besinesibonakude esikhethekile esikwazi ukubona ukuphila futhi sikukhanyisele indawo yonke, besiyobona kuzalwa isintu. Kusuka echashaza elishunqayo, njengohlaka oluvuthayo, ilangabi elihlale likhanya livutha. Kusukela kungqimba oluncane lwebhaktheriya kuya ekuqhumeni kweCambrian. Kusukela kuma-dinosaurs kuya ku-Anthropocene.

Kulo mbukiso weziqhumane ezilingana nomhlaba wonke, ubuhlakani budlala indima ekhethekile. Ikhanyisa izibani zayo. Ubuhlakani bushintsha ubuso bomhlaba ngobuhlakani nobuhlakani bawo. Lolu uhlobo olusha lwesibonisi seziqhumane. Ukuboniswa kweziqhumane zamasiginali kumanethiwekhi we-neural. Ukuboniswa kweziqhumane zabantu. Ukuboniswa kweziqhumane zemiphakathi eyinkimbinkimbi. Umkhathi ubonakala uphila, uyaphaphama, futhi uyazibona.

Kodwa ekuqaleni, kwaba khona ukukhanya okuphuphuthekisayo. Mina nawe, nayo yonke into ephilayo esizungezile. Sonke siyizinhlansi ezikhanyayo zeziqhumane ze-Big Bang.