Okokugcina thina mayelana nokuthi ukuvela kwama-PC alula kusizile kanjani ukuvela kwesoftware yezemfundo, okuhlanganisa nothisha ababonakalayo. Lokhu kwakamuva kuphenduke ama-prototypes athuthuke kakhulu wama-chatbots esimanje, kodwa awazange asetshenziswe ngobuningi.
Isikhathi sibonise ukuthi abantu abakulungele ukuyeka othisha "ababukhoma", kodwa lokhu akuzange kuqede isofthiwe yezemfundo. Ngokuhambisana nabafundisi be-elekthronikhi, ubuchwepheshe buthuthukisiwe, ngenxa yokuthi namuhla ungafunda noma nini, noma kuphi - uma unesifiso kuphela.
Kunjalo, sikhuluma ngemfundo eku-inthanethi.
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I-inthanethi yeyunivesithi
Ngawo-90s, abathanda iwebhu bokuqala nabahloli ngokuzithandela bathatha ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezemfundo, besebenzisa amakhono e-World Wide Web. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1995, uprofesa wase-University of British Columbia uMurray Goldberg wanquma ukwenza izifundo zakhe zibe zesimanje esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bewebhu futhi waqaphela ukuthi inethiwekhi ingakha ngokushesha izinto zokufundisa futhi izenze zitholakale ezilalelini ezingenamkhawulo. Okuwukuphela kwento eyayishoda kwakuyinkundla eyayizohlanganisa yonke le misebenzi. Futhi Goldberg wethula iphrojekthi enjalo - umsebenzi waqala ngo-1997 , uhlelo lokuqala emhlabeni lokuphatha izifundo zemfundo ephakeme.
Yiqiniso, lesi simiso sasingafanelekile neze. Igxekwe ngokusebenza kwayo okuyinkimbinkimbi, i-codebase “enzima” kanye nezinkinga zokuhambisana nesiphequluli. Kodwa-ke, ngokombono wokusebenza, i-WebCT yayinakho konke esikudingayo. Abafundi nothisha bangakha uchungechunge lwezingxoxo, baxoxe ku-inthanethi, bashintshisane ngama-imeyili angaphakathi, futhi badawunilode imibhalo namakhasi ewebhu. Ochwepheshe nochwepheshe emphakathini wezemfundo baqala ukubiza lezi zinsizakalo eziku-inthanethi ngendawo yemfundo ebonakalayo (Indawo Yokufunda Engokoqobo, ).
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Ngo-2004, i-WebCT yasetshenziswa ngabafundi abayizigidi eziyi-10 abavela emanyuvesi nasemakolishi ayizinkulungwane ezimbili nengxenye atholakala emazweni angama-80. Futhi kamuva - ngo-2006 - iphrojekthi yathengwa izimbangi ezivela . Futhi namuhla, imikhiqizo yale nkampani empeleni ingenye yezindinganiso zemboni - inani elikhulu lezikhungo zemfundo ezihamba phambili emhlabeni zisasebenza nazo.
Ngaleso sikhathi, izinto ezintsha eziningi zase zingenisiwe kulo mkhiqizo. Isibonelo, iphakethe lamazinga kanye nokucaciswa kwe-SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model), ehlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokushintshisana kwedatha phakathi kweklayenti lohlelo lokufunda ku-inthanethi kanye neseva yalo. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, i-SCORM yaba enye yezindinganiso ezivame kakhulu "zokupakisha" okuqukethwe kwezemfundo, futhi isasekelwa futhi isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene. .
Kungani VLE
Kungani othisha be-virtual bahlala beyindaba yendawo, kuyilapho amasistimu e-VLE efinyelela ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele? Banikeze ukusebenza okulula nokuvumelana nezimo, bekushibhile ukuthuthukisa nokuyinakekela, futhi bekulula kakhulu kubasebenzisi nothisha. Uhlelo lokuphatha ukufunda ku-inthanethi, okokuqala nje... uhlelo lwe-inthanethi, iwebhusayithi. Ayinawo umnyombo wesoftware “omkhulu” odinga ukuqonda izimpawu ezingenayo futhi ucabange ukuthi ungaziphendula kanjani.
Isithombe: /unsplash.com
Eqinisweni, lonke uhlelo olunjalo okufanele lube namandla okulanda okuqukethwe futhi lusakaze emaqenjini abasebenzisi. Okubalulekile ukuthi izixazululo ze-VLE azizange ziphikiswe nothisha "ababukhoma". Ayengahloselwe ukuba ithuluzi elizogcina likhiphe amashumi ezinkulungwane zabasebenzi basemanyuvesi; kunalokho, lezi zinhlelo bekufanele zenze imisebenzi yazo ibe lula, zandise amathuba omsebenzi futhi zikhuphule izinga lokutholakala kwezinto zokwakha. Futhi kwenzeka, amasistimu e-VLE anikeze ukufinyelela okulula olwazini futhi asize ukwenza umsebenzi wezifundo zemfundo ube wesimanje emakhulwini amanyuvesi.
Konke okwawo wonke umuntu
Ngesikhathi sokusatshalaliswa kwe-WebCT, inguqulo ye-beta yesikhulumi esiku-inthanethi yaqala ukusebenza . Ngo-2002, kwakunzima ukweqisa ukubaluleka kwalo mcimbi - enye yamanyuvesi ahamba phambili emhlabeni yavula ukufinyelela kwamahhala kwezifundo ezingama-32. Ngo-2004, inani labo lalingaphezu kuka-900, futhi ingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo zemfundo yayihlanganisa ama-video aqoshiwe ezinkulumo.
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngo-2008, izifundiswa zaseCanada uGeorge Siemens, uStephen Downes, noDave Cormier bethula iMassive Open Online Course (MOOC) yokuqala ngqa. Abafundi abakhokhelwayo abangu-25 baba ngabalaleli babo, futhi abanye abalaleli abangu-2300 bathola ukufinyelela kwamahhala futhi baxhunywe ngenethiwekhi.
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Isihloko se-MOOC yokuqala saba yisona esifaneleka kakhulu - lezi kwakuyizinkulumo zokuxhumanisa, ezihlobene nesayensi yengqondo kanye nokufunda ngezimo zengqondo nezokuziphatha kumanethiwekhi. I-Connectionism isekelwe ekufinyeleleni okuvulekile olwazini, "okungafanele luvinjwe isikhathi noma imikhawulo yendawo."
Abahleli bezifundo basebenzise ubuningi bobuchwepheshe be-inthanethi obutholakala kubo. Babambe ama-webinars, babloga, futhi bamema nabalaleli emhlabeni obonakalayo we-Second Life. Zonke lezi ziteshi kamuva zasetshenziswa kwamanye ama-MOOC. Ngo-2011, iYunivesithi yaseStanford yethula izifundo ezintathu ze-inthanethi, futhi eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, izinhlelo ezinjalo ezingaphezu kuka-900 zanikezwa abafundi e-United States kuphela.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ama-startups athathe imfundo. Uthisha waseMelika uSalman Khan "isikole", lapho izigidi zabasebenzisi zifunda khona. Ingosi ye-Coursera, eyethulwe ngo-2012 ngoprofesa ababili baseStanford, yayihlanganise abasebenzisi abayizigidi ezingama-2018 ngo-33, kwathi ngo-Agasti 2019, kwafakwa izifundo eziyi-3600 ezivela emanyuvesi ayi-190 kule nkundla. I-Udemy, i-Udacity nezinye izinsizakalo eziningi zivule umnyango wolwazi olusha, imisebenzi kanye nezinto zokuzilibazisa.
Yini elandelayo
Akubona bonke ubuchwepheshe obufinyelele lokho obekulindelwe ekuqaleni. Isibonelo, ochwepheshe abaningi nothisha babikezela ukuthandwa okuqhumayo kwezinhlelo ze-virtual reality, kodwa empeleni, iningi labafundi lalingafuni ukuthatha izifundo zokushayela i-VR. Kodwa kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuthi ufinyelele iziphetho; inani elincane lezikhungo zemfundo lizamile ngalobu buchwepheshe, futhi kwezinye izindawo i-VR isathola izethameli zayo - onjiniyela nodokotela bakusasa sebevele benza ukuhlinzwa ezilinganisweni ezibonakalayo futhi bafunda ukwakheka kwezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi. . Ngendlela, sizokhuluma ngentuthuko enjalo kanye nokuqalisa ezintweni ezilandelayo ekuqaleni konyaka ozayo.
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Ngokuqondene nama-MOOC, ochwepheshe babiza le ndlela yesofthiwe yezemfundo njengempumelelo enkulu kule ndawo kule minyaka engu-200 edlule. Impela, sekuvele kunzima ukucabanga ngezwe elingenayo imfundo ye-inthanethi. Noma ngabe imiphi imigomo ozibekela yona, iziphi izihloko onentshisekelo kuzo, lonke ulwazi oludingekayo lutholakala ngokuchofoza okukodwa nje. Kuleli nothi, siphetha indaba yethu yesoftware yezemfundo. Kholwa kuwe futhi konke kuzokwenzeka!
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Source: www.habr.com