В mayelana neSpain, ngikhulume ngemishini ye-electronic navigation ye-yacht yokuhamba olwandle. Omunye wabafundi wathi: “Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi konke lokhu kwenziwa kanjani ngokungathi sína, ngokuhamba olwandle.”
Ngizozama ukukutshela ukuthi iziphi izinto zikagesi ebeziku-yacht yami nokuthi zixhunywe kanjani. Umbono oyinhloko we-yacht, ngokubona kwami, ubukhulu bobuchwepheshe besimanje obudingekayo ukuze uphile ezintweni zemvelo. Isici esinjalo isiphepho, umoya onamandla, imvula, amakhaza, umswakama, noma konke lokhu kuhlangene. Ngakho-ke, ingaphandle le-yacht kufanele libe lukhuni futhi liqine ngokwanele ukuze likwazi ukumelana nezakhi, futhi ngaphakathi kwalo kufanele likhululeke ukuze umuntu athole futhi alawule futhi enze izinqumo ezifanele ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwemvelo.
Lesi sithombe sibonisa phezulu kwe-mast. Ngaphambi kokuba i-mast ifakwe ku-yacht, okuyinto, njengomthetho, isivele yethuliwe, konke okudingekayo kufakwa emhlabathini ku-mast nangaphakathi kwe-mast.
Ngaphakathi kwensika, kuvame ukuba nezintambo zikagesi zamalambu agijimayo phezulu kwensika kanye nesignali yehange; esimweni sokufaka i-VHF antenna - ikhebula le-antenna, intambo evela esiteshini sezulu. Insika yami yayinesignali nokukhanya okugijima kuphela, futhi izimpondo ze-VHF kanye ne-GPS zazibekwe kumareyili ngemuva kweyacht. Izibonisi ze-radar ezisebenzayo kanye nezimpondo ze-radar ngokwazo ezinezintambo ezihambisanayo ngaphakathi kwe-mast nazo zifakwe kumast.
Uhlelo lwamandla kagesi
Amaphaneli elanga avame ukutholakala ngaphezu kwehood yesifutho (incanyana engaphezu komnyango wendlu yamasondo) noma ku-aft superstructure.
Amalokha angemuva ngaphansi kwezihlalo zabasejele anamabhethri. Muva nje, amabhethri e-aviation Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) asedumile phakathi kwabahamba ngezikebhe. Zinamandla kakhulu futhi zilula. Ngokufanelekile, kukhona isilawuli sephaneli yelanga nesilawuli sokushaja ibhethri. Kukhona ne-inverter esuka ku-12 volts we-on-board power supply kuya ku-19 volts yokuxhuma i-laptop nezixhumi ezilula ugwayi njengasemotweni.
Kukhona eyakhelwe ngaphakathi 220 volt amandla ogwini uhlelo. Iqukethe ama-fuse ashisayo, amasokhethi avamile, nezintambo zokunweba ezinezinhlobo ezimbili zamapulaki ajwayelekile, adume kakhulu ekuxhumeni i-yacht kumandla kagesi ku-marina (endaweni yokupaka). Kukhona ishaja yebhethri kagesi evamile evela emandleni ogwini.
Injini kadizili emile ivamise ukufaka ijeneretha kagesi. Emamodeli enjini amadala, ihlanganiswe ngendlela ehlelekile nesiqalisi senjini kagesi.
Kwesinye isikhathi amajeneretha omoya afakwa ezikebheni uma kwenzeka kuba namafu (amaphaneli elanga awasebenzi esimweni sezulu esinjalo) noma ukungabikho noma ukuwohloka kwejeneretha yedizili.
Amathuluzi okukusiza ukuthi uzulazule
Ithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu likakaputeni ngumtholi wezinhlanzi. Lo mshini ubonisa ngesikhathi sangempela esikrinini sekristalu ewuketshezi ibanga langempela ukusuka ephikweni leyacht ukuya phansi.
Ilogi ye-Doppler hydroacoustic noma i-echo sounder ebheke phambili ingabonisa esikrinini hhayi kuphela isivinini esiphelele sesikebhe esihlobene nomhlabathi, kodwa nezici zendawo ephambi komnsalo we-yacht. Akuwona wonke ama-yacht anale divayisi. Ikakhulukazi, ingabonisa izinhlanzi, amahlengethwa kanye nemikhomo ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwe-yacht esikrinini sokuqapha.
Izikebhe ezindala ngokuvamile zinelogi ye-electromechanical. Eqinisweni, i-impeller nje, ukuguqulwa kwayo kubalwa kusetshenziswa inzwa ye-electromagnetic.
Kukhona ikhampasi kazibuthe ene-backlight kagesi.
Isiteshi sezulu esihlanganisa, phakathi kwezinye izinto zokusebenza, i-anemometer yokulinganisa isivinini somoya. Isiteshi sikuvumela ukuthi urekhode izikhombisi-ndlela zomoya zamanje kanye nomfutho womoya.
Kukhona futhi ithuluzi lokuzulazula eliphuthumayo lezinkanyezi - i-sextant. Kodwa manje isibalo esincane sabashayeli bezikebhe abazi ukuthi sisetshenziswa kanjani. Njengoba le divayisi ithathele indawo isamukeli se-GPS ngempumelelo. Futhi esikhundleni se-sextant ephuthumayo, bathatha i-GPS eyisipele yamabhethri. Ikhompyutha ephathekayo izodinga i-USB GPS. Ayikho i-GPS eningi kakhulu ku-yacht :)
I-radar iyithuluzi elibonisa izithiyo ngaphakathi kwe-radius yamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, kodwa ngesikhathi sezulu esibi nemvula ukubonakala kwayo kushiya okuningi okufiselekayo. Akayiboni futhi imikhumbi ezayo ngemuva kwetshe noma i-cape.
Abantu abaningi basebenzisa i-AIS olwandle. Uhlelo lokuhlonza oluzenzakalelayo luyidivayisi yedijithali okuthi, ngesiteshi somsakazo, ishintshe izixhumanisi nezifundo zemikhumbi ngaphakathi kwebanga elingamamayela angu-3-4, kuye ngamandla ama-transmitters. Le divayisi ayinabo ububi be-radar, kodwa kuphela uma zonke izikebhe ezizayo zifakwe idivayisi efanayo. Okungenzeki njalo. Ukapteni angaphinda avale amandla kule divayisi.
I-Espot kanye ne-EPIRB (Isikhundla Esiphuthumayo Esibonisa i-Radio Beacon) kanye nefoni yesathelayithi ikuvumela ukuthi udlulise ulwazi mayelana nendawo yeyacht ngamasathelayithi akude nogu uye esikhungweni sokuhlenga noma umane uye ku-inthanethi. .
Futhi ekugcineni, indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuthola izixhumanisi nezibikezelo zesimo sezulu olwandle yisiteshi somsakazo i-VHF. Kufanele ulinde umkhumbi odlulayo ukuthi uvele endaweni ebonakalayo bese ucela ulwazi oludingekayo ngomsakazo. Ngokuvamile lesi yisibikezelo sezulu sesikhathi esizayo esiseduze kanye nokuxhumanisa kwamanje.
Mayelana nezimo ezimbi kakhulu
Uma i-chronometer yomkhumbi ilahlekile noma iphukile, ungaphinda ucele isikhathi esiqondile ngomsakazo. Kodwa ngomakhalekhukhwini wesimanje oshajiwe, cishe akekho onesidingo esinjalo.
Amagama ambalwa mayelana ne-chronometer yomkhumbi. Ngokuvamile lawa amawashi emishini noma e-quartz anokunyakaza okunembile, abekwe esitsheni esingangeni manzi esenziwe ngengilazi nethusi. Konke lokhu kuklanyelwe indaba yokuthi idivayisi ihlale emanzini okwesikhashana uma, uNkulunkulu wenqaba, isikebhe siphenduka sizungeze i-axis yobude (overkill). Ngesikhathi se-overkill, izikebhe zesimanje ngokuvamile zilahlekelwa insika yazo.
Isimo esilula kakhulu esinokulahlekelwa ukuzinza kwe-yacht ukuzulazula. Uma kubonakala sengathi, ngaphansi kwethonya lamagagasi nomoya, i-yacht isibeke ngokuphelele insika emanzini, kodwa noma kunjalo, ngenxa ye-ballast kanye nokulinganisela kwamandla, ime phezu kwe-keel elinganayo.
Amadivayisi okuzulazula namapulani eshadi
Ngithanda yonke into mayelana nabahleli beshadi ngama-euro angama-2000, ngaphandle kwentengo. Uma unganaki amadivayisi abizayo, khona-ke kukhona izinketho ezimbalwa zokuhlomisa isikebhe ngendlela efanayo, kodwa eshibhile.
Inketho yokuqala ukuthenga i-Panasonic Toughpad FZ-M1 esetshenziswayo engangeni manzi noma eqinile noma ithebhulethi efanayo (). . Futhi faka uhlelo lwe-OSS lokuzulazula kweyacht kule thebhulethi kanye namanye amashadi amadala e-nautical kagesi. Noma, okungcono kakhulu, thenga amamephu amasha asemthethweni wesifunda lapho wenza khona ushintsho. Nokho, amamephu omhlaba wonke kodwa aneminyaka engu-10 ubudala nawo awusizo ukuba nawo. Ulwazi oluyisisekelo lapho luhlala luhambisana nokuzulazula.
Kukhona inketho eshibhe nakakhulu. I-Ricebury Pie 4 entsha ene-OpenCPN (noma lokhu kodwa kusafanele wengeze irediyetha, ibhethri kanye ne-blotter ukuze umunce ukufiphala.) - 100 euros (noma , inesokhethi yokuxhuma ibhethri noma i-Orange - eshibhile kakhulu).
Okuvikelwe okufanayo (IP65 / NEMA4) kuqapha ama-euro angama-200 (Ungahlanganisa imonitha ngesikrini esithintwayo ebusweni besikrini ngama-euro ayi-145 + agcinwe kanye ne-sealant engangeni manzi). Amakhebula nezixhumi ezivikelwe emanzini avela eChina - ama-euro angama-30.
Isibikezelo sezulu samanje sezinsuku ezi-3 ezingaphambili I-OpenCPN, uma une-plugin efakiwe futhi exhunywe ku-inthanethi nge-WiFi, ingayilanda kuseva yesimo sezulu. Kubalulekile ukwenza lokhu ngaphambi kokuhamba futhi ngokusekelwe kuphela kwisibikezelo sezulu nezinye izici (ukulungela umkhumbi kanye nabasebenzi) ukwenza izinqumo mayelana nokuhamba kwesikebhe olwandle. Ukuphepha kwe-yacht olwandle kuncike kulesi sinqumo, kucatshangelwa zonke izici.
Ungakwazi futhi ukwakha , esekelwe kumojula yokwamukela ithelevishini yedijithali yama-euro angu-20 (okuthiwa “ama-dongles”, “ama-whistles” habr.com/post/149702 habr.com/post/373465), kodwa ukuzwela kwedivayisi enjalo nokuthembeka kuyoba okungabazekayo. Kungcono ukuthenga idivayisi ekhethekile.
Ukuxhuma izinsimbi kudivayisi yethu yokuzulazula
Lokhu ukuxhumana okuvamile phakathi kwesitholi sezinhlanzi ze-Garmin (noma iyiphi insimbi "enensayo") kanye nesistimu yokuzulazula. Kuyacaca ukuthi esikhundleni se-DB-9 basebenzisa i-USB . Sicela uqaphele ukuthi zonke izintambo nezixhumi kumele zingangeni manzi.
I-autopilot kagesi elula
ingaxhunywa ngokuqondile ku-OpenCPN njenganoma yiliphi elinye ithuluzi le-yachting. Futhi izogcina inkambo ngokuqinile ngokuya ngomzila wakho. Kodwa kuyodingeka ukuqapha izinguquko zomoya.
Uma umoya ushintsha, isiteshi sezulu sizokuxwayisa njengewashi le-alamu futhi uzodinga ukulungisa kabusha amaseyili abe ngenye indlela.
Kusuka kubhethri elilodwa lesimanje elishajwa kabusha phakathi nosuku olunelanga kusuka kumaphaneli elanga angu-2, le divayisi izosebenza cishe amahora angu-8. Okuzokunika ithuba lokuthi ulale kancane. Esivunguvungwini, idivayisi yaleli klasi ngeshwa ayinamandla ngokwanele ukulawula i-yacht. Ngakho-ke, uzodinga umlingani, noma udinga ukufaka idivayisi enamandla kakhulu ye-hydraulic. Njengenketho, faka i-wind thruster eyimishini.
I-microwave
Lena idivayisi ewusizo kakhulu ku-yacht. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngesikhathi sokuduma kwezulu ungafihla wonke ama-electronics abucayi (amaphilisi, amafoni omakhalekhukhwini, ama-laptops) ku-microwave. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemishini yakho yokuzulazula uma kwenzeka umbani ushaya ngqo kunsika kanye nokuphuma kwamandla kagesi kuhlaka lwesikebhe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku-marina, endaweni yokupaka, ngokuxhuma i-ovini ye-microwave kunethiwekhi ye-volt 220, ungakwazi ukupheka ukudla futhi uqede ukudla ngokushesha.
Source: www.habr.com