Siqhubeka nendaba yethu mayelana nokuthi yimaphi amasu, aqinisekiswa ukuhlola kwesayensi, angasiza ngokufunda kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. IN sixoxe ngezincomo ezisobala ezifana “nohlelo oluhle lwansuku zonke” nezinye izici zempilo enempilo. Ku Inkulumo ibimayelana nendlela i-doodling ikusiza ngayo ukuthi ugcine kangcono okubalulekile enkulumweni, nokuthi ukucabanga ngokuhlolwa okuzayo kukuvumela kanjani ukuthi uthole ibanga eliphakeme.
Namuhla sikhuluma ngokuthi isiphi iseluleko esivela kososayensi esikusiza ukuthi ukhumbule ulwazi ngokuphumelelayo futhi ukhohlwe ulwazi olubalulekile kancane kancane.
Photography
Ukuxoxa indaba - ukukhumbula ngokuqonda
Enye indlela yokukhumbula kangcono ulwazi (isibonelo, ngaphambi kokuhlolwa okubalulekile) ukuxoxa indaba. Ake sithole ukuthi kungani. Ukuxoxa izindaba - "ukuxhumana ngolwazi ngomlando" - kuyindlela manje edumile ezindaweni eziningi: kusukela ekukhangiseni nasekukhangiseni kuya ekushicilelweni kohlobo olungezona izinganekwane. Ingqikithi yayo, ngendlela yayo evamile, ukuthi umxoxi uguqula iqoqo lamaqiniso libe indaba exoxwayo, ukulandelana kwezenzakalo ezixhumene.
Izindaba ezinjalo zibonakala zilula kakhulu kunedatha exhumeke ngokuxekethile, ngakho-ke le nqubo ingasetshenziswa lapho ubamba ngekhanda izinto ezibonakalayo - zama ukwakha ulwazi oludinga ukukhunjulwa lube yindaba (noma ngisho nezindaba ezimbalwa). Yiqiniso, le ndlela idinga ubuciko nomzamo omkhulu - ikakhulukazi uma udinga, isibonelo, ukukhumbula ubufakazi be-theorem - uma kuziwa kumafomula, asikho isikhathi sezindaba.
Nokho, kulesi simo, ungasebenzisa amasu ahlobene ngokungaqondile nokuxoxa indaba. Enye yezinketho ihlongozwa, ikakhulukazi, ososayensi baseColumbia University (USA), ngonyaka odlule imiphumela yocwaningo lwakhe ephephabhukwini iPsychological Science.
Ochwepheshe abasebenza ocwaningweni bafunde umthelela wendlela ebucayi yokuhlola ulwazi mayelana nekhono lokubona nokukhumbula idatha. Indlela ebucayi ifana nokuphikisana “nomuntu ongabazayo ongaphakathi” onganelisekile ngezimpikiswano zakho futhi abuze yonke into oyishoyo.
Indlela ucwaningo lwenziwe ngayo: Abafundi abangu-60 ababambiqhaza ekuhlolweni banikezwe idatha yokufaka. Bafake ulwazi mayelana "nokhetho lwemeya kwelinye idolobha X": izinhlelo zezombusazwe zabaqokelwe kanye nencazelo yezinkinga zedolobha eliqanjiwe. Iqembu elilawulayo lacelwa ukuthi libhale indaba emayelana nokufaneleka kwalowo nalowo kukhandidethi, futhi iqembu lokuhlola lacelwa ukuthi lichaze inkhulumomphendvulwano phakathi kwabahlanganyeli embukisweni wezombusazwe odingida ukhetho. Womabili amaqembu (ukulawula nokuhlola) abe esecelwa ukuthi abhale iskripthi senkulumo kamabonakude evuna ikhandidethi eliyithandayo.
Kuvele ukuthi esimeni sokugcina, iqembu lokuhlola linikeze amaqiniso engeziwe, lasebenzisa ulimi olunembe kakhudlwana, futhi labonisa ukuqonda okungcono kokuqukethwe. Embhalweni wendawo ye-TV, abafundi abavela eqenjini lokuhlola babonise umehluko phakathi kwamakhandidethi nezinhlelo zabo futhi banikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi ikhandidethi abalithandayo lihlela kanjani ukuxazulula izinkinga zasemadolobheni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqembu lokuhlola lizwakalise imibono yalo ngokunembe kakhulu: phakathi kwabo bonke abafundi abaseqenjini lokuhlola, bangama-20% kuphela abenze izitatimende embhalweni wokugcina wendawo ye-TV ezingasekelwa amaqiniso (okungukuthi, idatha yokufaka). Eqenjini lokulawula, u-60% wabafundi wenze izitatimende ezinjalo.
Indlela ababhali be-athikili, ukufundwa kwemibono ehlukahlukene egxekayo mayelana nodaba oluthile kunomthelela ekucwaningeni kabanzi ngayo. Le ndlela ithinta indlela obona ngayo ulwazi - "ingxoxo yangaphakathi nomgxeki" ikuvumela ukuthi ungagcini nje ngokuthatha ulwazi ngokholo. Uqala ukufuna ezinye izindlela, unikeze izibonelo nobufakazi - futhi ngaleyo ndlela uqonde udaba ngokujulile futhi ukhumbule imininingwane ewusizo eyengeziwe.
Le ndlela, ngokwesibonelo, ikusiza ukuthi ulungiselele kangcono imibuzo yokuhlolwa enobuqili. Yiqiniso, ngeke ukwazi ukubikezela konke uthisha angase akubuze, kodwa uzozizwa uqiniseka kakhulu futhi uzilungiselele - njengoba usuvele "udlale" izimo ezifanayo ekhanda lakho.
Ukukhohlwa ijika
Uma ukuzikhulumela kuyindlela enhle yokuqonda kangcono ulwazi, ukwazi-ke ukuthi ijika lokukhohlwa lisebenza kanjani (nokuthi lingakhohliswa kanjani) kuzokusiza ukuthi ugcine ulwazi oluwusizo isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Okuhle wukugcina ulwazi oluzuzwe enkulumweni kuze kube sekuhlolweni (futhi, okubaluleke nakakhulu, ngemva kwakho).
akuyona into entsha etholakele, leli gama laqala ukuqalwa ngusosayensi wengqondo waseJalimane uHermann Ebbinghaus ngo-1885. I-Ebbinghaus ifunde inkumbulo ye-rote futhi yakwazi ukuthola amaphethini phakathi kwesikhathi kusukela lapho idatha yatholwa, inani lokuphindaphinda, kanye nephesenti lolwazi olugcina lugcinwe enkumbulweni.
U-Ebbinghaus wenze izivivinyo ekuqeqesheni “inkumbulo yomshini” - ukubamba ngekhanda amagama angasho lutho okungafanele avuse noma yikuphi ukuhlotshaniswa enkumbulweni. Kunzima kakhulu ukukhumbula umbhedo (okulandelana okunjalo “kuhlakazeka” enkumbulweni kalula kakhulu) - nokho, ijika lokukhohlwa “liyasebenza” nalo ngokuhlobene nedatha enenjongo, ebalulekile.
Photography
Isibonelo, esifundweni sasenyuvesi, ungahumusha ijika lokukhohlwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: Ngokushesha ngemva kokuhambela isifundo, unolwazi oluthile. Ingabizwa ngokuthi 100% (uma sikhuluma nje, “wazi konke okwaziyo”).
Uma ngakusasa ungabuyeli kumanothi akho enkulumo bese uphinda lokho okushiwo, khona-ke ekupheleni kwalolo suku kuphela ama-20-50% ayo yonke imininingwane etholwe enkulumweni ezohlala enkumbulweni yakho (siyaphinda, lokhu akusilo ukwabelana ngalo lonke ulwazi uthisha alunikeze enkulumweni , kodwa kukho konke okwazile ukukukhumbula esifundweni). Ngenyanga, ngale ndlela, uzokwazi ukukhumbula mayelana ne-2-3% yolwazi olutholiwe - ngenxa yalokho, ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, kuzodingeka uhlale phansi embonweni futhi ufunde amathikithi cishe kusukela ekuqaleni.
Isixazululo lapha silula - ukuze ubambe ngekhanda ulwazi "njengakuqala," kwanele ukuliphinda njalo kusuka kumanothi ezinkulumo noma encwadini. Yiqiniso, lena inqubo eyisicefe, kodwa ingonga isikhathi esiningi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa (futhi ihlanganise ngokuphephile ulwazi kwinkumbulo yesikhathi eside). Ukuphindaphinda kuleli cala kusebenza njengesignali ecacile ebuchosheni ukuthi lolu lwazi lubaluleke ngempela. Ngenxa yalokho, le ndlela izovumela kokubili ukulondolozwa okungcono kolwazi kanye "nokusebenza" okusheshayo kokufinyelela kulo ngesikhathi esifanele.
Isibonelo, i-Canadian University of Waterloo abafundi bakho banamathele kula maqhinga alandelayo: “Ukutusa okuyinhloko kuwukunikela cishe ingxenye yehora ekubukezeni lokho okuye kwahlanganiswa phakathi nezinsuku futhi kusukela ehoreni elilodwa nengxenye kuya kwamabili ngezimpelasonto. Noma ungaphinda ulwazi izinsuku ezi-4-5 ngesonto, usazokhumbula okungaphezu kuka-2-3% wedatha ezohlala enkumbulweni yakho uma ungenzanga lutho nhlobo.”
TL; DR
- Ukuze ukhumbule kangcono ulwazi, zama ukusebenzisa amasu okuxoxa indaba. Uma uxhuma amaqiniso endabeni, ukulandisa, uwakhumbula kangcono. Yiqiniso, le ndlela idinga ukulungiswa okujulile futhi ayisebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi - kunzima ukuqhamuka nendaba uma kufanele ubambe ngekhanda ubufakazi bezibalo noma amafomula e-physics.
- Kulokhu, enye indlela enhle yokuxoxa indaba “yendabuko” ingxoxo nawe. Ukuze uqonde kangcono le ndaba, zama ukucabanga ukuthi i-interlocutor ecatshangelwayo iyakuphikisa, futhi uzama ukumkholisa. Le fomethi ingaphezulu kwendawo yonke, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo inenani lezici ezinhle. Okokuqala, ivuselela ukucabanga okujulile (awuwamukeli amaqiniso ozama ukuwakhumbula, kodwa bheka ubufakazi obusekela umbono wakho). Okwesibili, le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba uzuze ukuqonda okujulile kodaba. Okwesithathu, futhi ewusizo ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, le nqubo ikuvumela ukuba ubuyekeze imibuzo ewubuqili kanye nezingqinamba ezingaba khona empendulweni yakho. Yebo, ukuprakthiza okunjalo kungase kudle isikhathi, kodwa kwezinye izimo kuphumelela kakhulu kunokuzama ukuyibamba ngekhanda indaba.
- Uma ukhuluma ngokufunda ngekhanda, khumbula ijika lokukhohlwa. Ukubuyekeza izinto ozifundile (ngokwesibonelo, kumanothi enkulumo) okungenani imizuzu engu-30 nsuku zonke kuzokusiza ugcine ulwazi oluningi enkumbulweni yakho - ukuze ngosuku olungaphambi kokuhlolwa ungadingi ukufunda isihloko. zoqala phansi. Izisebenzi zaseNyuvesi yaseWaterloo zeluleka ngokwenza isilingo futhi uzame le ndlela yokuphindaphinda okungenani amasonto amabili - nokuqapha imiphumela yakho.
- Futhi uma ukhathazekile ngokuthi amanothi akho awanolwazi oluningi, zama amasu esibhale ngawo .
Source: www.habr.com