Linux 7.1

Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili zokuthuthuka, uLinus Torvalds kwethulwa ukukhishwa kwe-kernel Linux 7.1Phakathi kwezinguquko eziphawuleka kakhulu: umshayeli omusha we-ntfsplus, isigaba sokuqala sokuphela kokusekelwa kwe-i486 CPU, ukususwa kwama-adapter amadala e-Ethernet, ukususwa kwamaphrothokholi e-ISDN kanye ne-AX.25, ukwenziwa kwe-Intel FRED mechanism ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukusekelwa kwabaphathi be-BPF ku-io_uring, ukwenza ngcono uhlelo olungaphansi kokushintshana, ukusekelwa kwabasebenzi abangaphansi kohlelo ku-schedule_ext, i-zero-copy I/O kumshayeli we-ublk, ukusebenza kwe-shutdown ioctl ku-Btrfs, ukushintsha kwemodi yokusebenza okuguquguqukayo kumshayeli we-amp-pstate, kanye nokusekelwa kwe-xattr kwama-socket e-Unix.

Inguqulo entsha ifaka ukulungiswa okungu-17275 okuvela kubathuthukisi abangu-2589, ngosayizi we-patch ongu-57 MB (izinguquko zithinte amafayela angu-13528, zengeza imigqa yekhodi engu-751785, futhi zasusa imigqa engu-405916). Ukukhishwa kwangaphambilini kufaka phakathi ukulungiswa okungu-15624 okuvela kubathuthukisi abangu-2477, ngosayizi we-patch ongu-56 MB. Cishe u-41% wazo zonke izinguquko ku-7.1 zihlobene nabashayeli bedivayisi, cishe u-12% wezinguquko zihlobene nezibuyekezo zekhodi ethile kuzakhiwo zehadiwe, u-14% uhlobene ne-network stack, u-5% uhlobene nezinhlelo zamafayela, kanti u-3% uhlobene nezinhlelo zangaphakathi ze-kernel.

Izici ezintsha ezibalulekile ku-kernel 7.1 (kernelnewbies.org, lwn.net, vula inetha):

I-Disk Subsystem, I/O kanye ne-File Systems

• Yamukelwe ekwakhiweni ukusetshenziswa okusha Uhlelo lwefayela le-NTFS—intfsplus, olusekelwe kukhodi yomshayeli we-ntfs wakudala, owasuswa ku-kernel. Umshayeli omdala waklanywa kabusha, wanwetshwa ngamakhono okubhala idatha, futhi waguqulwa ukuze asekele izici zesimanje, njengokusetshenziswa kwe amakhasi enkumbulo (ama-folio) esikhundleni sesakhiwo se-buffer_head. Umshayeli omusha usebenzisa ukwabiwa kwamabhulokhi avilaphayo, okuvumela ukusebenza okuphezulu kokubhala kanye nokuqhekeka okuncishisiwe. Umtapo wolwazi usetshenziselwa imisebenzi yokufunda/yokubhala evinjiwe, i-I/O eqondile, imephu yobubanzi, kanye nemisebenzi yokufunda/yokubhala enamakhasi. i-iomapEkuhlolweni kwe-iozone, umshayeli we-ntfsplus wayeshesha ngo-3-5% kune-ntfs3 lapho ebhala kwimodi enentambo eyodwa kanye no-35-110% ngokushesha lapho esebenzisa imicu emi-4. Isivinini sokufunda se-ntfsplus kanye ne-ntfs3 cishe sifana. Umshayeli we-ntfs3 uhlala ku-kernel futhi ufakiwe kuyo. yethulwe ukulungiswa kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuncane.
• Ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kokukhiqiza nokuqinisekisa idatha yokuhlola ubuqotho I-T10 (deepwiki.com) ezingeni lesistimu yefayela kunezinga ledivayisi yebhulokhi, okuvumela ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kwemisebenzi yokufunda.
• Umshayeli wedivayisi ebhulokini ublk, okuvumela ukuthi i-logic ethile ithuthelwe ohlangothini lwenqubo yomsebenzisi-isikhala, kwengezwe ukwesekwa kwe-I/O ngememori eyabiwe ngaphandle kokukopisha idatha phakathi kwama-buffer (imodi ye-zero-copy).
• Kwamadivayisi okuvimba azimele I-SED-OPAL kwengezwe ioctl yokulawula imodi Umsebenzisi oyedwa futhi umyalo we-STACK_RESET usuqalisiwe.
• I-Btrfs imemezele ukwesekwa okuzinzile kokusebenza kwe-ioctl yokuvala, okuvumela uhlelo lwefayela ukuthi lungene esimweni lapho kwenziwa khona umzamo wokuqedela imisebenzi esivele isebenza, kodwa yonke imisebenzi emisha ivinjiwe.
• i-exfat isebenzisa ikhono lokugcina izindawo ezingenalutho ngokubiza i-fallocate().
• Uhlelo lwefayela le-CIFS manje lusekela ukudala amafayela esikhashana ngefulegi le-O_TMPFILE.
• Kukholi yesistimu fsmount() Inketho ye-FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE ingeziwe, okudala isikhala esisha se-mount point namespace sesistimu yefayela efakiwe. Amafulegi angeziwe kumakholi wesistimu ye-clone3() kanye ne-unshare() ukuze kubuyiselwe isikhala esisha se-mount point namespace esiqukethe kuphela i-mounted, engenalutho, isistimu yefayela esekelwe ku-nullfs kanye nomshayeli we-fs-dax one-interface yesistimu yefayela kumadivayisi e-DAX (Ukufinyelela Okuqondile).
• Kuseva ye-NFS kwengezwe Ukuvikelwa ekuhlaselweni ngamandla amakhulu ezichazini zamafayela kwenziwa ngokuqinisekisa izichazi ngesiginesha ye-cryptographic. Lokhu kuvikelwa kunikwe amandla ngenketho yokufaka i-sign_fh.
• Kwengezwe umshayeli wezinhlamvu ze-fs-dax, ohlinzeka nge-interface yokusebenzisana namadivayisi I-DAX (kernel.org) (Ukufinyelela Okuqondile), okusekela ukudlula i-cache yekhasi. Lesi sixhumanisi siyadingeka ukuze kuhlanganiswe ne-kernel yesistimu yamafayela. ama-famf, itholakala ku-RAM.
• Kuhlelo lwefayela le-Ceph kwenziwe ukuqoqwa kwezilinganiso zokufaka/zokukhipha ezixhunywe ezigabeni ezingezansi.

Imemori kanye nezinsizakalo zesistimu

• Kwamukelwe Uchungechunge lokuqala lwezinguquko zokususa ukwesekwa kwamaprosesa e-i486. Izinketho zokwakha i-kernel ngokusekelwa kwamaprosesa e-486DX, 486SX, kanye ne-AMD ELAN (CONFIG_M486, CONFIG_M486SX, kanye ne-CONFIG_MELAN) zisusiwe ku-Kconfig, futhi izinketho zokuhlanganisa zezinhlelo ze-i486 (-march=i486) zisusiwe ku-Makefile. Ikhodi yangempela yokusekela amaprosesa e-i486 isese-kernel, kodwa ukwakhela izinhlelo ezinjalo manje kuzodinga ama-patches kuma-makefile. Izizathu zokususa ukwesekwa kwamaprosesa e-i486 zibangelwa isifiso sokususa ikhodi eyinkimbinkimbi ku-kernel elandela eminye imisebenzi yehadiwe, njenge-CX8 (qhathanisa futhi ushintshe ama-byte angu-8) kanye ne-TSC (ikhawunta yomjikelezo we-CPU esetshenziswa kushejuli yomsebenzi).
• Ku-driver ye-amd-pstate, esetshenziselwa ukuphathwa kwamandla ezinhlelweni ezineziprosesa ze-AMD, kwenziwe Ishintsha ngokuguquguqukayo izilungiselelo zokusebenza futhi ishintsha ukuziphatha kokuphathwa kwamandla kuye ngokuthi idivayisi isebenza kumthombo wamandla noma ibhethri. Uma ixhunywe kumthombo wamandla, imodi yokusebenza manje iyasebenza, kuyilapho imodi ye-balance_performance iyasebenza uma isebenza kubhethri.
• Indlela yokusebenza iyasebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo Intel FRED (Ukubuyiswa Okuguquguqukayo kanye Nokulethwa Kwemicimbi), okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuthembeka kokulethwa kwemicimbi ezingeni eliphansi. Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kanye nokunciphisa ukubambezeleka kufezwa ngokubuyisela imicimbi kusetshenziswa umyalelo weprosesa ye-IRET esikhundleni sokuyidlulisa nge-Interrupt Descriptor Table (IDT). Ukuthembeka okuthuthukisiwe kufezwa ngokuhlukanisa ukucutshungulwa kwerisidi yemicimbi ezimweni ze-kernel kanye nomsebenzisi, ukuvikela ekusebenzeni kwe-NMI okuhlanganisiwe, kanye nokugcina wonke amarejista e-CPU ahlobene nokuhlukile kufreyimu ye-stack ende.
• Kuhlelo olungaphansi lwe-perf kwengezwe ukwesekwa kwamayunithi okuqapha ukusebenza kwememori (ama-PMU) asetshenziswa ku-NVIDIA Tegra410 SoC.
• Imisebenzi ye-Futex ezinhlelweni ze-ARM isheshiswe ngokusebenzisa imiyalelo ye-Arm 9.6 LSUI, evumela i-kernel ukuthi ifinyelele imemori yesikhala somsebenzisi ngaphandle kokukhubaza imodi evikelekile kuqala. I-PAN (arm.com) (Ukufinyelela Okunelungelo Akukaze).
• Ukusekelwa kwe-Instruction Set Architecture Extension kuthuthukisiwe ezinhlelweni ezisekelwe ku-ARM. I-MPAM (Ukuhlukaniswa Nokuqapha Kwezinsizakusebenza Zesistimu Yememori) futhi kwenezelwe ikhono lokuyisebenzisa esikhaleni somsebenzisi ukuphatha izinsiza ngokusebenzisa indlela i-resctrlI-MPAM imaka ukufinyelela kwememori ngakunye nge-Partition ID (PARTID) kanye ne-Monitoring Group ID (PMG). Usebenzisa i-PARTID, ungakhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo, njenge-bandwidth yememori noma usayizi we-cache, ukuvimbela iqembu elilodwa lemisebenzi ukuthi lingasebenzisi zonke izinsiza. Kumongo wokuqapha, inhlanganisela ye-PMG kanye ne-PARTID ingasetshenziswa ukulandelela ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo ngaphansi kwemithwalo ethile yomsebenzi.
• Kwengeziwe Ikhono lokusebenzisa imodi yesikhathi sangempela (PREEMPT_RT) kumaprosesa e-ARM angu-32-bit. Ngaphambilini, ukwesekwa kwe-PREEMPT_RT kwakuhlinzekwa ngezakhiwo ze-x86 kanye ne-x86-64, i-ARM64, i-RISC-V, kanye ne-LoongArch.
• Kukholi yesistimu i-clone3() amafulegi amasha angeziwe: CLONE_NNP — ukuvinjelwa ukuthola amalungelo amasha enkambisweni edaliwe; CLONE_AUTOREAP — ukuqedwa okuzenzakalelayo kwenqubo esikhundleni sokuyiguqula ibe inqubo ye-zombie kuze kube yilapho inqubo yomzali iqhuba umsebenzi we-wait(); CLONE_PIDFD_AUTOCK — ukuqedwa kwenqubo yomntwana uma isibambo se-pidfd esihlobene naso sivaliwe (isibonelo, lapho inqubo yomzali iphela).
• Kumojuli ngayinye ye-kernel, ifayela elibizwa ngokuthi i-import_ns lingeziwe kufolda ye-/sys/module, equkethe uhlu lwezikhala zamagama zezimpawu ezingenisiwe (isikhala segama lesimboli).
• Uhlelo lwe-I/O olungenazo i-io_uring oluhambisanayo manje lusekela ukusebenzisa uhlelo olungaphansi lwe-BPF ukudala abaphathi. Isibonelo, i-dispatch loop eyinhloko ingashintshwa ngohlelo lwe-BPF.
• Kuhlelo olungaphansi lwe-BPF okwenziwe kwaba sesimanje ukuhlaziywa kokusetshenziswa kwe-stack, okwasheshisa kakhulu ukuqinisekiswa kwezinhlelo eziningi ze-BPF ngumhloli.
• Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza ibhalwe kabusha uhlelo olungaphansi lwe-hrtimer (isibali sikhathi esinesinqumo esiphezulu). I-task scheduler manje ingasebenzisa izibali zesikhathi ezinesinqumo esiphezulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza, esikhundleni sezibali zesikhathi ezinganembile kangako.
• Iyaqhubeka ukuhambisa izinguquko ezivela ku-Rust-for-branchLinux, okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kolimi lwe-Rust njengolimi lwesibili lokuthuthukisa abashayeli namamojula e-kernel (Usekelo lwe-Rust alusebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi alubangeli ukuthi i-Rust ifakwe ohlwini lokuncika kokwakha okuphoqelekile kwe-kernel). Kuze kube yinguqulo 1.85 (kuthunyelwe ngo Debian 13) Izidingo ezengeziwe zenguqulo ye-Rust ezidingekayo ukwakha izingxenye ze-kernel. Kwengezwe inketho ye-Kconfig yokuhlola i-CONFIG_RUST_INLINE_HELPERS yokufaka ukuxhumeka kwe-C kukhodi ye-Rust ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa (lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuthuthukise ukusebenza komshayeli we-null block ngo-2%). Kwengezwe i-'const_assert!' macro. Amakhono anwetshiwe osayizi, i-clk, i-ptr, ukuvumelanisa, kanye namamojula ephutha.
• Ingene kumshini SCHED_EXT, okuvumela ukusebenzisa i-BPF ukudala abahleli be-CPU, kwengezwe Ikhono lokuqala lokudala abahleli abangaphansi, okuvumela iqembu ngalinye ukuthi libe nomhleli walo wemisebenzi.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwesistimu encane yokushintshana kuqhubekile. Isakhiwo esidala se-swap_map sisusiwe futhi sathathelwa indawo yi-"Shintsha Ithebula"Ushintsho luthuthukise ukusebenza futhi lwanciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwememori ohlelweni lwe-paging.
• Kuhlelo olungaphansi UDAMON (I-Data Access MOnitor), ekuvumela ukuthi ulandelele ukufinyelela kwedatha yenqubo ku-RAM (isibonelo, ungathola ukuthi yiziphi izindawo zememori inqubo efinyelele kuzo, nokuthi yiziphi izindawo zememori ezingakathathwa), kwengezwe ukwesekwa kwama-algorithms ahlukahlukene azenzakalelayo ukuhleleka izabelo.
• Kuhlelo olungaphansi lokulandelela kwenziwe Umqondo wama-ring buffer angaphandle, okuvumela ukubuyisa idatha yokulandelela kusuka kumishini ebonakalayo. Lesi sici sisetshenziswa ku-KVM kanye i-nVHE ukudlulisa idatha yokulandelela kusuka ohlelweni lwezivakashi iye ohlangothini lomsingathi.
• Kuhlelo olungaphansi I-RV (kernel.org) (Ukuqinisekiswa Kwesikhathi Sokusebenza), okwenzelwe ukuhlola ukusebenza okufanele kwezinhlelo ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu, kufakwe izingxenye zokuqapha.Itafula"ukulandelela imisebenzi emiswe okwesikhashana noma evinjiwe, kanye"Umkhawulo wokugcina» ukuhlaziya ukuziphatha komhleli wemisebenzi.

I-Virtualization kanye Nokuphepha

• Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ifulegi le-PROC_MEM_FORCE_PTRACE lisethiwe, elivumela ukudlula amalungelo okufinyelela ukuze kucutshungulwe imemori ngefayela. /proc/PID/mem kuphela izinqubo ezisebenzisa ucingo lwesistimu ye-ptrace() ukulungisa amaphutha.
• Kwengezwe isethi entsha yama-hook amamojula e-LSM (Linux I-Security Module), eyenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa kwezinqubomgomo zezinhlelo zamafayela ezisekelwe ku-stack njenge-overlayfs. I-LSM nayo kungezwe i-hook yokulawula ukufinyelela kuma-socket e-Unix, okuyinto abathintekayo kumojuli ye-Landlock LSM ukuze unikeze izinqubomgomo zokufinyelela kuma-socket e-Unix.
• Kulabhulali ye-crypto eyakhelwe ngaphakathi i-lib/i-crypto, enikeza imisebenzi elula nesheshayo kune-crypto API yendabuko, kwengezwe Kufakwe ukwesekwa kwama-algorithms e-AES-CMAC, AES-XCBC-MAC, AES-CBC-MAC, GHASH kanye ne-SM3. imibhalo ngu-lib/crypto.
• Imodi isiqalisiwe i-pKVM (I-KVM evikelwe) yokuhlukanisa okuqinile inkumbulo engaziwa Kusetshenziswa izandiso ze-virtualization zesakhiwo se-AArch64. Kule modi, amakhasi enkumbulo yezivakashi awafakiwe kuthebula lekheli le-virtual lesistimu yomsingathi.
• Usekelo lungeziwe ku-hypervisor ye-KVM inguqulo yesihlanu Isilawuli Sokuphazamisa Esijwayelekile Se-ARM v5 (VGICv5).

Isistimu engaphansi yenethiwekhi

• Kuma-socket e-unix adalwe umsebenzi we-socket(), kwenziwe Ukusekelwa komsebenzisi wezimfanelo zefayela ezinwetshiwe (xattr).*. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zifaka phakathi amamaki okusetha ngezimfanelo ezinwetshiwe kuma-socket e-Unix asetshenziselwa i-Varlink IPC, okuvumela ukuthi zihlukaniswe endaweni evamile ye-IPC kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ze-BPF zokuhlola nokulungisa amaphutha ekusebenzeni kwe-IPC. Ku-systemd-journald, izici ezinwetshiwe zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ukuchaza ifomethi yelogi yesokhethi ye-/dev/log.
• Kususiwe ukwesekwa kwephrothokholi ye-UDP-Lite (RFC 3828), okuvumela ukulethwa kwamaphakethe ane-checksum engalungile, ngokulindela ukuthi, isibonelo, idatha yomsindo nevidiyo eyonakele kancane ingabuyiselwa ezingeni le-codec. Iphrothokholi isusiwe ngoba akekho oyisebenzisayo.
• Kususiwe Ikhono lokwakha i-IPv6 stack njenge-kernel module, engasetshenziswanga ekusebenzeni (i-IPv6 yakhelwe ngaphakathi kwe-kernel noma ikhutshaziwe ngokuphelele), kodwa ukulungiswa kuyinkimbinkimbi ngoba lapho kwakhiwa i-IPv6 njenge-kernel module (CONFIG_IPV6=m), izinhlelo eziningi ezingaphansi kwesistimu ziphoqeleka ukwengeza izibambi ezingenamsebenzi uma kwenzeka i-IPv6 module ilayishwa.

Izinsiza

• Kumshayeli we-AMDGPU kuhlanganisiwe Injini entsha yokubonisa (DC) yama-APU ochungechunge lwe-AMD HD 7000 (Sea Islands, GCN 1.1).
• Kumshayeli we-Nouveau kwengezwe Usekelo lokuqala lwama-GPU e-NVIDIA GA100 olusekelwe ku-microarchitecture ye-Ampere.
• Umsebenzi uqhubekile kumshayeli we-Xe DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) wama-GPU ngokusekelwe kusakhiwo se-Intel Xe, esisetshenziswa kumakhadi wehluzo ochungechunge lwe-Intel Arc kanye nehluzo ezihlanganisiwe, kuqala ngabaprosesa be-Tiger Lake. Ukusekelwa kwesistimu yehluzo yabaprosesa be-Intel Nova Lake-P kungeziwe. Izinto ze-Purgeable Buffer seziqalisiwe.
• Siqhubekile nokuhlanganisa izingxenye zomshayeli we-Nova zama-GPU e-NVIDIA afakwe i-firmware ye-GSP esetshenziswa kusukela ochungechungeni lwe-NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2000 olusekelwe ku-microarchitecture ye-Turing. Umshayeli ubhalwe nge-Rust. Ukusekelwa kokuqala kwama-GPU okusekelwe ku-microarchitecture ye-Turing kungeziwe.
• Kwengezwe Umshayeli we-DRM i-corebootdrm kokukhipha ihluzo nge-framebuffer ye-firmware esekelwe ku-CoreBoot.
• Kwengeziwe Ukusekelwa kwama-ASoC alandelayo: i-AMD RPL DMIC, i-Cirrus Logic CS42L43, i-CS47L47, i-NVIDIA CPCAP, kanye ne-WM8962. Ukusekelwa okuthuthukisiwe kwamadivayisi omsindo we-USB: i-Huawei Headset, i-Focusrite Novation, i-MV-Silicon, i-Studio 1824, i-Arturia AF16Rig, i-Hotone Audio, i-Feaulle Rainbow, i-PreSonus AudioBox, i-Moondor Ju Jiu, kanye ne-Scarlett 18i20.
• Kwengezwe Umshayeli we-Yogafan wokuqapha isivinini sabalandeli kuma-laptop e-Lenovo Yoga, Legion, kanye ne-IdeaPad.
• Kwengeziwe Ukusekelwa kwamabhodi e-ARM, ama-SoC namadivayisi: I-Qualcomm Glymur, i-Qualcomm Mahua, i-Qualcomm Eliza, i-Qualcomm IPQ5210, i-Qualcomm apq8084 kanye ne-ipq806x, i-Axis ARTPEC-9, i-ARM Zena, i-ARM corstone-1000-a320, i-Microchip LAN9691, i-Microchip PIC64GX, i-Rockchip RV1103B, i-Renesas RZ/G3L, i-NXP S32N79.
• Kususiwe Ukusekelwa kwezilawuli ze-AHCI SATA kanye ne-PCIe ezisetshenziswa ku-Baikal-T1 SoC, kanye nezishayeli zesikhathi, inkumbulo, i-physmap, ibhasi, i-hwmon, i-dwc, kanye ne-bt1-rom. Isizathu sokususwa ukuntuleka kokusekelwa kanye nokuhlanganiswa okungaphelele kwezingxenye zepulatifomu ye-Baikal enkabeni, njengoba ukukhiqizwa eRussia kwaphela ngoNovemba 2025.
• Kususiwe Abashayeli abayi-12 bamadivayisi e-Ethernet ane-interface ye-ISA ne-PCMCIA, akhishwe ngaphambi kuka-2002, lapho kungekho abasebenzisi abatholakale bewasebenzisa khona ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza. Uhlelo olungaphansi I-ISDN, ukusetshenziswa kwephrothokholi I-AX.25, I-CAIF kanye ne-Bluetooth CMTP (Common ISDN Application Programming Interface Message Transport Protocol), i-yellowfin (Yellowfin Gigabit-NIC), i-hamachi (Hamachi GNIC-II), abashayeli be-hamradio (Amateur Radio), i-inport kanye ne-logibm (i-busmouse). Isizathu sokususwa kwaba ukuntuleka kwabanakekeli abasebenzayo phakathi kwenani elikhulayo lamaphutha abonwe ngamathuluzi e-syzbot kanye ne-AI. Akekho othatha umsebenzi wokuwalungisa, futhi wonke umthwalo wokulungisa izinkinga ezinkulu uwela kubanakekeli bezinhlelo ezingaphansi kwenethiwekhi ye-kernel. Sekukonke, kususwe imigqa yekhodi engaphezu kuka-140.

Source: linux.org.ru