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Sisagcwele amathafa , sithanda ukukumema ukuthi nixoxe ngesihloko esikhulu kunazo zonke ebesisebenza kuzo kamuva nje - ukusebenzisana kweWindows neLinux, okuhlobene, ikakhulukazi, ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo. . I-WSL 2 isendleleni, futhi nansi umbono osheshayo walokho okuzayo kulesi simiso esingaphansi, kanye nesibikezelo sokuhlanganiswa kwesikhathi esizayo phakathi kweWindows ne-Linux.
NgoMeyi walo nyaka, iMicrosoft yamemezela ukuthi i-WSL2, inguqulo yakamuva ye-Windows subsystem ku-Linux, izosebenza ku-Linux kernel egcwele eyakhelwe endlini.
Lokhu kuphawula okokuqala iMicrosoft ifaka i-Linux kernel njengengxenye ku-Windows. I-Microsoft futhi yethula umugqa womyalo ku-Windows ozokhulisa amandla e-PowerShell ne-WSL.
Kokubili i-Linux kernel ye-WSL2, edalwe iMicrosoft, kanye nomugqa womyalo weWindows omusha kuyathakazelisa kakhulukazi konjiniyela.
"Lesi isinyathelo esiqine kakhulu emdlalweni ngokumelene ne-AWS," kusho uJoshua Schwartz, umqondisi wezinhlelo zedijithali enkampanini yokubonisana i-AT Kearney.
Ikusasa le-Microsoft alixhumene nemakethe ye-PC, nakuba izoqhubeka nokubamba ngokuqinile isikhundla sayo kule ngxenye. Kuzobaluleka kakhulu ukuthola indawo emakethe yamafu, enye yezingxenye zayo esikhathini esizayo okungenzeka kube ama-PC wedeskithophu.
Yenzani i-WSL2?
I-WSL2 wuhlaka lwakamuva lwe-Windows Subsystem ye-Linux. Ikuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kwesistimu yefayela futhi inikeze ukuhambisana okugcwele nezingcingo zesistimu.
Esinye sezicelo eziyinhloko ezivela emphakathini we-WSL sasihlobene nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza. I-WSL2 isebenzisa amathuluzi amaningi e-Linux kune-WSL, ikakhulukazi i-Docker ne-FUSE.
I-WSL2 iphatha imisebenzi egxile kufayela, ikakhulukazi i-git clone, i-npm install, i-apt update, kanye nokuthuthukiswa okufanelekile. Ukwenyuka kwesivinini kwangempela kuncike kuhlelo lokusebenza oluthile nokuthi lusebenzisana kanjani nesistimu yefayela.
Ukuhlola kokuqala kubonise ukuthi i-WSL2 ishesha cishe izikhathi ezingu-20 kune-WSL1 ekukhipheni itiyela ku-zip. Uma usebenzisa i-git clone, i-npm install kanye ne-cmake kumaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene, uhlelo lubonise ukwanda kokusebenza okuphindwe kabili kuya kahlanu.
Ingabe lokhu kuzosiza ukuzuza ukwethenjwa konjiniyela?
Empeleni, iMicrosoft ifuna ukuqashelwa nokwethenjwa umphakathi wonjiniyela ngokwakha eyayo inguqulo ye-Linux kernel ukuze isekele izinqubo ze-WSL2, kusho uCody Swann, oyi-CEO yakwaGunner Technology.
“Ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa i-Windows ngokuqinile, ukudala zonke ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza - ifu, iselula, izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu - ku-PC bekunzima kakhulu, yingakho unjiniyela ngandlela thize kwadingeka aqalise ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux ngokuhambisana ne-Windows OS. IMicrosoft ikubonile lokhu futhi yaqhamuka nesixazululo,” kuphetha yena.
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukwethula i-kernel ye-Linux yangokwezifiso kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ohlelweni ngokombono womsebenzisi ojwayelekile. Nokho, lokhu kuvula amathuba okusebenzelana okuseduze phakathi kwezinsizakalo ze-Microsoft nohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Linux.
Lokhu kuhambela engxenyeni yeMicrosoft kuhlakaniphe kakhulu, ngoba kusiza ukungena ujule emphakathini wonjiniyela, kanye nokusebenzisa ngenkuthalo imikhiqizo eyenziwa omunye umuntu - okungukuthi, xhuma kumthombo ovulekile, kusho uSwann.
Siyakwamukela ku-Microsoft Entsha
Umkhuba wokudala nokugcina i-Linux kernel “ikakhulukazi iWindows” ikhombisa isiqondiso esiqinile somthombo ovulekile esikhuthazwa yi-CEO uSatya Nadella. I-Microsoft ayisafani nangaphansi kweGates ne-Ballmer, lapho yonke into igcinwe ngemuva kocingo lokuphathelene, futhi akekho owacabanga ngokusebenzisana.
“I-Satya iyiguqule ngokuphelele iMicrosoft yaba inkundla yesimanjemanje, futhi lelo qhinga libe nemiphumela emihle. Sawubona, osonhlamvukazi bezigidigidi zamadola,” kusho uSchwartz.
NgokukaCharles King, umhlaziyi oyinhloko kwa-Pund-IT, amandla amabili amakhulu eMicrosoft ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha.
“Ngokusebenzisa intuthuko yayo engathi sína - izinsiza namathuluzi - inkampani ingaqinisekisa amakhasimende ukuthi i-kernel izoba sesikhathini samanje futhi ifakwe neziqephu zakamuva nokulungiswa kokuqinisekisa ukuphepha okuphelele," uyanezela.
Onjiniyela nabo bayazuza
Amabhanari e-Linux enza imisebenzi eminingi kusetshenziswa amakholi wesistimu, njengokufinyelela amafayela, ukucela inkumbulo, nokudala izinqubo. I-WSL1 incike kusendlalelo sokuhumusha ukuze ihumushe eziningi zalezi zingcingo zesistimu futhi ibavumele ukuthi baxhumane ne-Windows NT kernel.
Into enzima kakhulu ukusebenzisa zonke izingcingo zesistimu. Njengoba lokhu kungenziwanga ku-WSL1, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza azikwazanga ukusebenza lapho. I-WSL2 yethula izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezintsha ezisebenza kahle kule ndawo.
Isakhiwo esisha sivumela iMicrosoft ukuthi ilethe ukuthuthukiswa kwakamuva ku-Linux kernel ngokushesha kakhulu kune-WSL1. I-Microsoft ingabuyekeza umongo we-WSL2 esikhundleni sokuqalisa kabusha yonke imikhawulo.
Ithuluzi lomthombo ovulekile ngokugcwele
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Microsoft kwe-Linux kernel yayo kwaba umvuthwandaba weminyaka yomsebenzi we-Linux Systems Group, kanye namanye amaqembu amaningi kulo lonke elaseMicrosoft, kusho uJack Hammons, umphathi wohlelo eLinux Systems Group, Microsoft.
I-kernel enikezwe i-WSL2 izoba ngumthombo ovulekile ngokuphelele, futhi iMicrosoft izothumela imiyalelo yokuthi ungayakha kanjani i-kernel enjalo ku-GitHub. Inkampani izosebenzisana nonjiniyela abazimisele ukusiza iphrojekthi futhi baqhubekisele phambili ushintsho olusuka phansi luye phezulu.
Abathuthukisi be-Microsoft bakhe i-WSL2 besebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kwenkampani kanye nezinhlelo eziqhubekayo zokulethwa. Le softhiwe izonikezwa ngesistimu yokuvuselela i-Windows futhi izobonakala ngokuphelele kumsebenzisi. I-kernel izohlala isesikhathini samanje futhi ifaka zonke izici zegatsha lakamuva elizinzile le-Linux.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala komthombo, inkampani ifaka izibuko izinqolobane endaweni, ihlale iqapha okuqukethwe kohlu lwe-imeyili yezokuphepha ye-Linux, futhi isebenza nezinkampani ezimbalwa ezisekela imininingwane yolwazi ezindaweni ezibonakalayo zebhizinisi (ama-CVE). Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-Microsoft's Linux kernel isesikhathini samanje nezibuyekezo zakamuva futhi iqeda noma yiziphi izinsongo ezivelayo.
Izinguquko eziya phansi ziba yimpoqo
I-Microsoft iqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinguquko ze-kernel zisakazwa phezulu, isici esibalulekile sefilosofi ye-Linux. Ukusekela ama-patches angezansi kuhambisana nobunzima obengeziwe; Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mkhuba awuvamile emphakathini womthombo ovulekile.
Umgomo we-Microsoft njengomsebenzisi we-Linux osebenzayo uwukuba ilungu eliqondile lomphakathi kanye nokufaka izinguquko emphakathini. Ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwamagatsha ahlotshaniswa nosekelo lwesikhathi eside, amanye amapeshi - ngokwesibonelo lawo aqukethe izici ezintsha - angafakwa kuphela ezinguqulweni ezintsha ze-kernel, futhi angathuthelwa enguqulweni yamanje ye-LTS kumodi ehambelanayo eya emuva.
Lapho imithombo eyinhloko ye-WSL itholakala, izoqukatha izixhumanisi zesethi yamapeshi kanye nengxenye ezinzile yemithombo esebenza isikhathi eside. I-Microsoft ilindele ukuthi lolu hlu lunciphe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba amapheshana esatshalaliswa phezulu nomfula futhi kunezelwa neziqephu ezintsha zasendaweni ukusekela izici ezintsha ze-WSL.
Idizayini yewindi emnandi kakhulu
IMicrosoft iphinde yamemezela uhlobo oluzayo lwasebusika lweWindows Terminal, uhlelo olusha lwabasebenzisi abasebenza ngamathuluzi omugqa womyalo namagobolondo, njenge-Command Prompt, PowerShell, ne-WSL.
Windows Terminal
I-Windows Terminal 1.0 inikeza izilungiselelo eziningi nezinketho zokuhlela ezikunikeza ukulawula okwengeziwe kokubonakala kwewindi letheminali, kanye nangaphezulu kwamagobolondo/amaphrofayela okufanele avuleke njengamathebhu amasha.
Izilungiselelo zizolondolozwa kufayela lombhalo elihlelekile, okubenza kube lula ukumisa nokuklama iwindi letheminali ngendlela othanda ngayo.
I-Microsoft ayisacwengisi ikhonsoli ye-Windows ekhona futhi idala entsha kusukela ekuqaleni, inquma ukuthatha indlela entsha. I-Windows Terminal ifaka futhi isebenza ngokuhambisana nohlelo olukhona lwe-Windows Console oluphuma ebhokisini.
Kanjani lo msebenzi
Lapho a Windows 10 umsebenzisi wethula ngokuqondile i-Cmd/PowerShell/njll, inqubo enamathiselwe kusibonelo esijwayelekile se-Console iyaqaliswa. Injini yokumisa entsha yetheminali ivumela abasebenzisi beWindows ukuthi bakhe amaphrofayili amaningi awo wonke amagobolondo/izinhlelo zokusebenza/amathuluzi abawafisayo, kungaba ku-PowerShell, Command Prompt, Ubuntu, noma ngisho nokuxhumeka kwe-SSH kumadivayisi e-Azure noma e-IoT.
Lawa maphrofayili angahlinzeka ngenhlanganisela yawo yokuklama nosayizi wefonti, izingqikithi zombala, amazinga okufiphalisa ingemuva noma obala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzisi bazokwazi ukukhetha ifonti entsha ye-monospace ukwenza iwindi letheminali libukeke lesimanje futhi lipholile. Le fonti iqukethe ama-programmer ligatures; izokwenziwa itholakale esidlangalaleni futhi igcinwe endaweni yayo yokugcina.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zesixhumi esibonakalayo somyalo we-Windows amathebhu amaningi nombhalo omuhle. Ukusekelwa kwamathebhu amaningi kubhekwe njengesicelo esicelwe kakhulu sokuthuthukiswa kwetheminali. Umbhalo omuhle utholwa ngenxa yenjini enikezelayo esekelwe ku-DirectWrite/DirectX, efakwe ukusheshisa kwe-GPU.
Injini ibonisa izithonjana zombhalo, ama-glyphs nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile ezitholakala kumafonti, okufaka phakathi ama-ideograms wesi-Chinese, Japanese and Korean (CJK), i-emoji, izimpawu ze-powerline, izithonjana nama-programming ligatures. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le njini yenza umbhalo ngokushesha okukhulu kune-GDI eyayisetshenziswa ngaphambilini kukhonsoli.
Ukuhambisana nokubuyela emuva kuhlala kuhlelekile, nakuba ungazama iWindows Terminal uma uthanda.
I-Chronology: ukuthi kuzokwenzeka kanjani
I-Microsoft izohlinzeka nge-Windows Terminal ngeSitolo se-Microsoft Windows 10 futhi ibuyekeze njalo. Ngale ndlela, abasebenzisi bazohlala benolwazi lwakamuva ngezinguqulo zakamuva nezithuthukisi zakamuva - ngaphandle komzamo owengeziwe.
IMicrosoft ihlela ukwethula itheminali entsha kulobu busika obuzayo. Uma i-Microsoft isikhiphe i-Windows Terminal 1.0, abathuthukisi bazoqhubeka nokusebenza ezicini eziningi esezikade zisilele emuva.
I-Windows Terminal kanye ne-Windows Console Source Code ku-GitHub.
Yini engasilindela esikhathini esizayo?
Amathuba okuthi iMicrosoft izosebenzisa eyakhe i-Linux kernel ngezinye izinjongo, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthuthukisa eyayo ukusatshalaliswa kweLinux, ibonakala iwukucatshangelwa namuhla.
Umphumela kungenzeka uncike ekutheni iMicrosoft iyakwazi yini ukuthola isidingo esikhulu somkhiqizo onjalo, nokuthi yimaphi amathuba ezentengiselwano lezo ntuthuko ezingase zivuleke, kusho uCharles King.
Ucabanga ukuthi ukugxila kwenkampani ngekusasa elibonakalayo kuzoba ekwenzeni iWindows neLinux zihambelane kakhulu futhi ziphelelisane.
UJoshua Schwartz ukholelwa ukuthi kulokhu kuzodingeka ukukala ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kulo msebenzi kuzoba yini nokuthi ukubuyisela kuzoba yini. Ukube iMicrosoft ibiyinkampani encane kakhulu namuhla, ibingenza konke okusekelwe kuLinux. Kodwa-ke, ukuhambisa yonke intuthuko esivele itholakala kusuka kuMicrosoft kuya ekwakhiweni kweLinux yendabuko namuhla kubonakala kuyiphrojekthi ebizayo futhi eyinkimbinkimbi okungenzeka ukuthi ikhokhe kahle. Abathandi be-Linux bazothola eyabo i-Linux futhi i-core architecture izohlala injalo.
Ngenkathi i-Apple ivuselela i-Mac OS ngo-2000, isistimu yokusebenza yayisekelwe ku-BSD Unix, efana kakhulu ne-Linux kune-DOS. Namuhla, inguqulo entsha ye-Microsoft Windows iyakhiwa ngokusekelwe ku-Linux.
Mhlawumbe umnyango omusha usivulela?
I-Microsoft's Linux kernel ingavula indlela yokusebenzisana okukhulu phakathi kwezinsizakalo zeWindows nohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Linux. Empeleni, lezi zenzakalo zeMicrosoft zibonisa ukuthi iMicrosoft ngokwayo isivele iyaqonda: namuhla cishe awekho amakhasimende asele akhetha ukuba khona emhlabeni lapho yonke into iWindows.
Kunengqondo kakhulu ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene nezinhlelo ezihlangabezana kangcono nezidingo zebhizinisi kanye nezimo ezithile ezingokoqobo.
Umbuzo wamasu omkhulu ngowokuthi, yimaphi amathuba amasha wamasu lokhu kuthutha okuvulela inkundla yeMicrosoft uqobo?
I-Azure, i-ecosystem yamafu ye-Microsoft, isivele ihlinzeka ngokusekelwa okukhulu kweLinux. Ngaphambilini, iWindows yayisekela i-Linux kahle isebenzisa imishini ebonakalayo.
Izinguquko ezibalulekile ezenzeka namuhla zibangelwa ukuthi manje izinqubo ze-Linux zizosebenza ngokwemvelo ku-Windows kernel, okusho ukuthi ukusebenza ne-Linux kusuka ku-Windows kuzoshesha kakhulu kunemishini ebonakalayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngenxa yalokho, i-Azure izozicebisa ngengqimba yonke yonjiniyela abasebenzisa i-Linux esikalini sezimboni.
Source: www.habr.com