Nginezihloko ezimbalwa esitokweni engingazibhala futhi ngibhale ngazo. Esinye sazo “izithixo”.
Yiqiniso, lolu akulona uhlu lwabantu abahlonishwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngicabanga ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthi noma ubani ozokwazi ukuhlanganisa uhlu olunjalo, ngisho nesifiso esikhulu.
Isibonelo, u-Einstein, akekho ohlwini lwami, kodwa ngokuqinisekile ufanelwe indawo phakathi kwabantu abahlonishwa kakhulu. Ngake ngabuza umngane wami ofunda i-physics ukuthi u-Einstein wayeyingcweti ngempela yini, futhi waphendula evuma. Pho kungani ingekho ohlwini ngaleso sikhathi? Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi nampa abantu abangithonye, hhayi labo ababengangithonya ukube ngaqaphela ukubaluleka okugcwele komsebenzi wabo.
Kwakudingeka ngicabange ngothile futhi ngithole ukuthi lowo muntu wayeyiqhawe lami yini. Imicabango ibihlukene. Isibonelo, u-Montaigne, umdali wendatshana, uphumile ohlwini lwami. Kungani? Ngabe sengizibuza ukuthi, yini edingekayo ukubiza umuntu ngeqhawe? Kuvela ukuthi udinga nje ukucabanga ukuthi lo muntu ubengenzani endaweni yami esimweni esithile. Vuma, lokhu akukhona neze ukutuswa.
Ngemva kokuhlanganisa uhlu, ngabona intambo efanayo. Wonke umuntu ohlwini wayenezici ezimbili: babekhathalela ngokweqile umsebenzi wabo, kodwa nokho babethembekile ngesihluku. Ngokwethembeka angiqondile ukufeza yonke into efunwa umbukeli. Bonke babengabashoshozeli ngenxa yalesi sizathu, nakuba bekufihla ngamazinga ahlukahlukene.
UJack Lambert
Ngakhulela ePittsburgh ngeminyaka yawo-70s. Uma ubungekho ngaleso sikhathi, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi idolobha lazizwa kanjani ngabakwaSteelers. Zonke izindaba zendawo zazizimbi, imboni yensimbi yayifa. Kodwa abakwaSteelers bahlala beyiqembu elihamba phambili ebholeni lasekolishi, futhi ngandlela thize elibonisa ubunjalo bedolobha lethu. Abazange benze izimangaliso, kodwa bamane benza umsebenzi wabo.
Abanye abadlali babedume kakhulu: Terry Bradshaw, Franco Harris, Lyn Swan. Kodwa bebecasukile, futhi uhlale unaka kakhulu abadlali abanjalo. Kubonakala kimina, njengochwepheshe bebhola laseMelika oneminyaka engu-12 ubudala, ukuthi owayengcono kunabo bonke kwakunguJack Lambert. Wayengenazwelo nhlobo, yingakho elunge kangaka. Ubengafuni nje ukudlala kahle, ubefuna umdlalo omnandi. Lapho umdlali welinye iqembu enebhola engxenyeni yakhe yenkundla, wakuthatha njengokudelela komuntu siqu.
Izindawo zasePittsburgh zaziyindawo eyisicefe ngeminyaka yawo-1970. Bekuyisicefe esikoleni. Bonke abantu abadala baphoqeleka ukuthi basebenze emisebenzini yabo ezinkampanini ezinkulu. Konke esasikubona kwabezindaba kwakufana futhi kwakhiqizwa kwenye indawo. Okuhlukile kwakunguJack Lambert. Angikaze ngimbone onjengaye.
Kenneth Clark
U-Kenneth Clarke ngokungangabazeki ungomunye wababhali bezinganekwane abahamba phambili. Iningi lalabo ababhala ngomlando wezobuciko alazi lutho nhlobo ngawo, futhi izinto eziningi ezincane ziyakufakazela lokhu. Kodwa uClarke wayemuhle kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe njengoba umuntu engacabanga.
Yini eyenza ikhetheke kangaka? Ikhwalithi yombono. Ekuqaleni, indlela yokukhuluma ingase ibonakale ivamile, kodwa lokhu kuwukukhohlisa. Ukufunda Ubunqunu kufaniswa kuphela nokushayela i-Ferrari: uma usuzinzile, uphiniwe esihlalweni isivinini esikhulu. Usajwayela uzojikijelwa uma imoto ijika. Lo muntu ukhiqiza imibono ngokushesha kangangokuthi ingekho indlela yokubamba. Uzoqeda ukufunda isahluko usuvule amehlo futhi ubuso bakho bumamatheka.
Ngenxa yochungechunge lwamadokhumentari Impucuko, uKenneth wayedumile osukwini lwakhe. Futhi uma ufuna ukujwayelana nomlando wobuciko, Impucuko yilokho engikuncomayo. Lesi siqeshana singcono kakhulu kunalezo abafundi abaphoqeleka ukuthi bazithenge lapho befunda umlando wobuciko.
Larry Michalko
Wonke umuntu ebuntwaneni wayenomeluleki wakhe ezindabeni ezithile. ULarry Michalko wayengumeluleki wami. Uma ngibheka emuva, ngabona umugqa othile phakathi kwebanga lesithathu nelesine. Ngemva kokuhlangana noMnu. Mikhalko, yonke into yashintsha.
Kungani kunjalo? Okokuqala nje, wayenelukuluku lokwazi. Yebo, kunjalo, othisha bami abaningi babefunde kakhulu, kodwa bengenalo ilukuluku. ULarry wayengalingani njengothisha, futhi ngiyasola ukuthi wayekwazi. Kungenzeka ukuthi kwakunzima kuye, kodwa kithina bafundi kwakumnandi. Izifundo zakhe zaziwuhambo oluya komunye umhlaba. Yingakho ngangikuthanda ukuya esikoleni nsuku zonke.
Enye into eyayimenza ahluke kwabanye, uthando lwakhe ngathi. Izingane aziqambi amanga. Abanye othisha babengenandaba nabafundi, kodwa uMnu. Mihalko wafuna ukuba umngane wethu. Ngolunye lwezinsuku zokugcina zebanga lesi-4, wasidlalela irekhodi likaJames Taylor elithi “Unomngane.” Vele ungibize futhi noma ngabe ngikuphi, ngizondiza. Washona eneminyaka engu-59 ngenxa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngangikhala emngcwabeni wakhe kuphela.
Leonon
Muva nje ngibone into engangingayiqondi ngiseyingane: izinto ezinhle kakhulu esizenzayo ezethu, hhayi ezabanye. Ubona imidwebo eminyuziyamu futhi ukholelwa ukuthi ipendiwe ngokukhethekile. Iningi lale misebenzi ihloselwe ukukhombisa umhlaba, hhayi ukwanelisa abantu. Lokhu okutholakele ngezinye izikhathi kumnandi kakhulu kunalezo zinto ezidalelwe ukwanelisa.
ULeonardo wayenezici eziningi. Enye yezimfanelo zakhe ezihloniphekile: wenza izinto eziningi ezinkulu. Namuhla abantu bamazi kuphela njengengcweti enkulu nomsunguli womshini endizayo. Kulokhu singakholelwa ukuthi uLeonardo wayengumphuphi owalahla yonke imiqondo yokwethulwa kwezimoto eceleni. Eqinisweni, wenza inani elikhulu lokutholwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngakho, singasho ukuthi wayengeyena nje umculi omkhulu, kodwa futhi unjiniyela omuhle kakhulu.
Kimina, imidwebo yakhe isadlala indima enkulu. Kuzo wazama ukuhlola umhlaba, futhi angabonisi ubuhle. Nokho, imidwebo kaLeonardo ime eduze kwaleyo yomculi osezingeni lomhlaba. Akekho omunye, ngaphambili noma kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, owayemuhle kangako lapho kungekho muntu owayembheka.
URobert Morris
URobert Morris wayehlale ebonakala elungile kukho konke. Kubonakala sengathi kufanele wazi konke ukwenza lokhu, kodwa empeleni kulula ngendlela emangalisayo. Ungasho lutho uma ungenaso isiqiniseko. Uma ungazi konke, ungakhulumi kakhulu.
Ngokunembayo, iqhinga liwukunaka lokho ofuna ukukusho. Esebenzisa leli qhinga, uRobert, ngokwazi kwami, wenza iphutha kanye kuphela, lapho esengumfundi. Lapho uMac ephuma, wathi amakhompyutha amancane edeskithophu awasoze afaneleka ukugetshengwa kwangempela.
Kulokhu akubizwa ngokuthi iqhinga. Ukube waqaphela ukuthi leli yisu, nakanjani ubezokhuluma kabi ngesikhathi sakhe senjabulo. URobert unale mfanelo egazini lakhe. Uthembekile futhi ngendlela emangalisayo. Akagcini nje ngokuba neqiniso, kodwa futhi uyazi ukuthi uqinisile.
Cishe ucabange ukuthi kungaba kuhle kanjani ukungawenzi amaphutha, futhi wonke umuntu wawenza. Kunzima kakhulu ukunaka kakhulu amaphutha embonweni njengombono uwonke. Kodwa empeleni akekho owenza lokhu. Ngiyazi ukuthi kunzima kangakanani. Ngemva kokuhlangana noRobert ngazama ukusebenzisa lesi simiso ku-software, wabonakala esisebenzisa ku-hardware.
P. G. Woodhouse
Ekugcineni, abantu baqaphela ukubaluleka komuntu womlobi Wodehouse. Uma ufuna ukwamukelwa njengombhali namuhla, udinga ukufundiswa. Uma indalo yakho isithole ukuqashelwa emphakathini futhi kuyahlekisa, kusho ukuthi uzivulela izinsolo. Yilokho okwenza umsebenzi kaWodehouse uthandeke kakhulu - wabhala ayekufuna futhi waqonda ukuthi ngenxa yalokhu wayezodelelwa abantu besikhathi sakhe.
U-Evelyn Waugh wambona njengongcono kakhulu, kodwa ngalezo zinsuku abantu babeyibiza ngokuthi i-chivalrous ngokweqile futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthinta okungalungile. Ngaleso sikhathi, noma iyiphi inoveli ye-autobiographical engahleliwe eyenziwe ngumfundi osanda kuthola iziqu ekolishi ingase ithembele ekuphathweni okuhloniphekile okuvela ekusungulweni kwemibhalo.
Kungenzeka ukuthi i-Wodehouse yaqala ngama-athomu alula, kodwa indlela awahlanganisa ngayo abe ama-molecule yayicishe ingenasici. Isigqi sayo ikakhulukazi. Lokhu kungenza ngibe namahloni ukubhala ngalokhu. Ngingacabanga ngabanye ababhali ababili kuphela abasondela kuye ngesitayela: U-Evelyn Waugh noNancy Mitford. Laba bobathathu babesebenzisa isiNgisi sengathi ngesabo.
Kodwa uWoodhouse wayengenalutho. Wayengenamahloni ngakho. U-Evelyn Waugh noNancy Mitford babekukhathalela lokho abanye abantu ababekucabanga ngabo: wayefuna ukubonakala eyisicukuthwane; wayesaba ukuthi wayengahlakaniphe ngokwanele. Kodwa uWoodhouse wayengenandaba nokuthi ubani ucabangani ngaye. Wabhala lokho kanye ayekufuna.
Alexander Calder
I-Calder ikulolu hlu ngoba iyangijabulisa. Ingabe umsebenzi wakhe ungaqhudelana nokaLeonardo? Cishe cha. Njengoba nje akukho lutho oluhlehlela emuva ekhulwini lama-20 okungenzeka luncintisane. Kodwa konke okuhle okuku-Modernism ku-Calder, futhi udala ngokukhululeka kwesici sakhe.
Okuhle ngeModernism yintsha yayo, ubusha bayo. Ubuciko bekhulu le-19 baqala ukuminyanisa.
Imidwebo eyayidumile ngaleso sikhathi yayilingana nobuciko bezindlu ezinkulu—ezinkulu, eziwubukhazikhazi, neziwumgunyathi. I-Modernism yayisho ukuqala kabusha, ukudala izinto ezinezisusa ezinzima ezifana nezezingane. Abaculi abasebenzise lokhu okuhle kakhulu yilabo abagcine ukuzethemba okufana nokwengane, njengo-Klee noCalder.
UKlee wayehlaba umxhwele ngoba wayekwazi ukusebenza ngezitayela eziningi ezahlukene. Kodwa kulaba ababili, ngimthanda kakhulu uCalder ngoba umsebenzi wakhe ubonakala ujabulisa kakhulu. Ekugcineni, iphuzu lobuciko ukuheha umbukeli. Kunzima ukubikezela ukuthi yini ngempela azoyithanda; Ngokuvamile, okubonakala kuthakazelisa ekuqaleni, ngemva kwenyanga uzobe usunesithukuthezi. Izithombe zikaCalder aziciki. Bazihlalele bathule, bekhombisa ithemba kuhle kwebhethri elingasoze laphela. Ngokwazi kwami ezincwadini nasezithombeni, injabulo emsebenzini kaCalder iwukubonakaliswa kwenjabulo yakhe.
Jane Austen
Wonke umuntu uyamthanda uJane Austen. Faka igama lami kulolu hlu. Ngicabanga ukuthi ungumbhali ongcono kakhulu wesikhathi sonke. Nginentshisekelo yokuthi izinto zihamba kanjani. Uma ngifunda amanoveli amaningi, nginaka kakhulu ukukhetha kombhali mayelana nendaba ngokwayo.Kodwa kumanoveli akhe, angiwuboni umshini osebenzayo. Nakuba nginentshisekelo yokuthi wenza kanjani akwenzayo kodwa angikuqondi ngoba ubhala kahle kangangokuthi izindaba zakhe azibukeki ziphelele. Ngizwa sengathi ngifunda incazelo yalokho okwenzeka ngempela. Lapho ngisemncane, ngangifunda amanoveli amaningi. Angisakwazi ukufunda eziningi zazo ngoba akukho lwazi olwanele kuzo. Amanoveli abonakala emancane kakhulu uma eqhathaniswa nomlando kanye ne-biography. Kodwa ukufunda u-Austen kufana nokufunda okungelona iqiniso. Ubhala kahle kangangokuthi awumnaki nokumnaka.
UJohn McCarthy
UJohn McCarthy wasungula uLisp, inkambu (noma okungenani igama) lobuhlakani bokwenziwa, futhi wayeyilungu lokuqala leminyango ephezulu yesayensi yamakhompiyutha eMIT naseStanford. Akekho ozophikisa ukuthi ungomunye wezingwazi, kodwa kimina ukhethekile ngenxa kaLisp.
Manje sekunzima kithi ukuqonda ukuthi yikuphi ukweqa komqondo okwenzeka ngaleso sikhathi. Okuxakayo ukuthi esinye sezizathu ezenza kube nzima ukuyiqonda impumelelo yakhe ukuthi ibe yimpumelelo. Cishe lonke ulimi lokuhlela olusungulwe eminyakeni engu-20 edlule luhlanganisa imibono evela ku-Lisp, futhi minyaka yonke ulimi olujwayelekile lokuhlela lufana no-Lisp.
Ngo-1958 le mibono yayingabonakali nhlobo. Ngo-1958, ukuhlela kwakucatshangwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Abanye abantu babecabanga ngaye njengesazi sezibalo futhi bafakazela konke ngomshini weTuring. Abanye babone ulimi lokuhlela njengendlela yokwenza izinto nezilimi ezithuthukisiwe ezazithonywe kakhulu ubuchwepheshe bangaleso sikhathi. UMcCarthy kuphela owanqoba ukuhlukana kwemibono. Wathuthukisa ulimi okwakuyizibalo. Kodwa ngasungula igama elalingalungile, noma kunalokho, ngalithola.
Spitfire
Njengoba ngibhala lolu hlu, ngazithola sengicabanga ngabantu abafana noDouglas Bader noReginald Joseph Mitchell noGeoffrey Quill, futhi ngabona ukuthi nakuba bonke benza izinto eziningi ekuphileni kwabo, kunesici esisodwa phakathi kwezinye esasibabopha: Spitfire.
Lokhu kufanele kube uhlu lwamaqhawe. Kungaba kanjani imoto kuyo? Ngoba le moto bekungeyona nje imoto. Wayeyi-prism yamaqhawe. Ukuzinikela okungavamile kwangena kuye, futhi kwaphuma isibindi esingavamile kuye.
Kuyisiko ukubiza iMpi Yezwe Yesibili ngokuthi umzabalazo phakathi kokuhle nokubi, kodwa phakathi kokwakhiwa kwezimpi, kwaba njalo. Isitha sangempela se-Spitfire, i-ME 109, iyindiza eqinile, esebenzayo. Bekuwumshini wokubulala. I-Spitfire yayiwukubonakaliswa kwethemba. Futhi hhayi kuphela kule migqa emihle: kwakuyisiqongo salokho okwakungenziwa, ngokomthetho, ukwenziwa. Kodwa sasiqinisile lapho sinquma ukuthi sesingaphezu kwalokho. Kusemoyeni kuphela lapho ubuhle bunomkhawulo.
Steve Jobs
Abantu ababephila ngesikhathi kubulawa uKennedy ngokuvamile bakhumbula kahle ukuthi babekuphi lapho bezwa ngakho. Ngikhumbula kahle ukuthi ngangikuphi lapho umngane wami engibuza ukuthi ngabe ngizwile yini ukuthi uSteve Jobs unomdlavuza. Kwaba sengathi umhlabathi unyamalele ngaphansi kwezinyawo zami. Ngemva kwemizuzwana embalwa, wangitshela ukuthi uhlobo lomdlavuza oluyivelakancane, olungasebenzi futhi wayezophila. Kodwa leyo mizuzwana yayibonakala ihlala unomphela.
Bengingenaso isiqiniseko sokuthi ngizofaka Imisebenzi ohlwini. Abantu abaningi kwa-Apple babonakala bemesaba, okuwuphawu olubi. Kodwa uyancomeka. Alikho igama elingachaza ukuthi uSteve Jobs ungubani. Akazange azidalele imikhiqizo yakwa-Apple. Ngokomlando, isifaniso esisondele kakhulu kulokho akwenza kwakuwukusekela ubuciko ngesikhathi seRenaissance enkulu. Njenge-CEO yenkampani, lokhu kumenza ahluke. Abaphathi abaningi badlulisela lokho abakuthandayo kwabangaphansi kwabo. Indida yomklamo iwukuthi, ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane, ukukhetha kunqunywa ngenhlanhla. Kodwa uSteve Jobs wayenambithe—ukunambitheka okuhle kangangokuthi wabonisa umhlaba ukuthi ukunambitheka kwakusho okukhulu kunalokho ababekucabanga.
Isaac Newton
U-Newton unendima eyinqaba eqenjini lami lamaqhawe: uyena engizibeka icala ngaye. Ubesebenza ezintweni ezinkulu okungenani ingxenye yempilo yakhe. Kulula kakhulu ukuphazamiseka lapho usebenza ezintweni ezincane. Imibuzo oyiphendulayo ijwayelekile kuwo wonke umuntu. Uthola imiklomelo esheshayo—empeleni, uthola imiklomelo eyengeziwe ngesikhathi sakho uma usebenza ezindabeni ezibaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa ngiyakuzonda ukwazi ukuthi lena yindlela eya ekusithekeni okufanele. Ukuze wenze izinto ezinhle ngempela, udinga ukubheka imibuzo abantu abebengacabangi nokuthi iyimibuzo. Cishe kwakukhona abanye abantu abenza lokhu ngaleso sikhathi, njengoNewton, kodwa uNewton uyisibonelo sami sale ndlela yokucabanga. Ngiyaqala ukuqonda ukuthi kumele ngabe kwamphatha kanjani. Unempilo eyodwa kuphela. Kungani ungenzi into enkulu? Inkulumo ethi "i-paradigm shift" isikhathele manje, kodwa u-Kuhn wayezimisele ngokuthile. Futhi ngemuva kwalokhu kulele ngaphezulu, udonga lobuvila nobuwula manje luhlukaniswe nathi, oluzobonakala luncane kakhulu kithi. Uma sisebenza njengoNewton.
Sibonga uTrevor Blackwell, uJessica Livingston, kanye noJackie McDonough ngokufunda okusalungiswa kwalesi sihloko.
Ukuhumusha ingxenye kuqediwe
Mayelana ne-GoTo School
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Source: www.habr.com