Isikhathi sokukhuluma ngamadivayisi aklanyelwe ukulawula amabhuleki. Lawa madivaysi abizwa ngokuthi “ompompi,” nakuba indlela ende yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ibasuse kude kakhulu nompompi ngomqondo ojwayelekile wansuku zonke, iwenza abe amadivaysi e-automation we-pneumatic ayinkimbinkimbi.
Ivalve endala ye-spool engu-394 isasetshenziswa esitokisini esigingqikayo
1. Ama-cranes omqhubi - isingeniso esifushane
Okubalulekile
I-valve yesitimela somshayeli - idivayisi (noma isethi yamadivayisi) eklanyelwe ukulawula ubukhulu nezinga lokushintsha kwengcindezi kulayini wamabhuleki wesitimela
Okhreni besitimela somshayeli abasetshenziswayo njengamanje bangahlukaniswa ngamadivaysi okulawula okuqondile nama-cranes okulawula kude.
Amadivayisi okulawula okuqondile angakudala alolu hlobo, afakwe kunqwaba yezitimela, izitimela zamayunithi amaningi, kanye nesitoko esinezinjongo ezikhethekile (izimoto ezihlukene zomgwaqo, izinqola zesitimela, njll.) No. 394 kanye ne-conv. Inombolo 395. Eyokuqala yazo, ekhonjiswe ku-KDPV, ifakwe ezitimeleni zezimpahla, eyesibili - ezitimeleni zabagibeli.
Ngomqondo we-pneumatic, la ma-cranes awahlukani nhlobo. Okusho ukuthi, kufana ngokuphelele. Ivalve engu-395 engxenyeni engenhla ine, yahlanganiswa nayo, induna enezimbobo ezinentambo, lapho kufakwe khona “ikani” lesilawuli sokulawula amabhuleki e-electro-pneumatic.
I-crane ye-Operator engu-395 endaweni yayo yemvelo
Lawa madivayisi avame ukupendwe ngombala obomvu ogqamile, okubonisa ukubaluleka kwawo okukhethekile kanye nokunakwa okukhethekile okufanele akunikezwe yizisebenzi zezitimela kanye nabasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe abasebenza esitimeleni. Esinye isikhumbuzo sokuthi amabhuleki esitimela ayikho konke.
Ipayipi lokunikezela (PM) kanye nolayini wamabhuleki (TM) axhumeke ngqo kulawa madivaysi futhi, ngokuphendula isibambo, ukugeleza komoya kulawulwa ngokuqondile.
Kuma-crane alawulwa kude, akuyona i-crane ngokwayo efakwe ku-console yomshayeli, kodwa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi isilawuli sokulawula, esidlulisela imiyalo nge-interface yedijithali kuphaneli ehlukile kagesi womoya, efakwe ekamelweni le-injini. isitimela. Isitokwe sasekhaya esiginqikayo sisebenzisa i-crane yomshayeli enesikhathi eside. No. 130, osekunesikhathi eside ingena esitokisini.
Isimo sesilawuli se-Crane. No. 130 kuphaneli yokulawula yesitimela sikagesi i-EP20 (ngakwesokudla, eduze kwephaneli yegeji yokucindezela)
Iphaneli ye-pneumatic ekamelweni lenjini ye-locomotive kagesi EP20
Kungani kwenziwa ngale ndlela? Ukuze, ngaphezu kokulawula amabhuleki okwenziwa ngesandla, kunethuba elijwayelekile lokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, ngokwesibonelo kusukela kusistimu yokuqondisa ezenzakalelayo yesitimela. Ezitimeleni ezifakwe i-crane engu-394/395, lokhu kwakudinga ukufakwa kokunamathiselwe okukhethekile ku-crane. Njengoba kuhleliwe, i-crane ye-130 ihlanganiswe ohlelweni lokulawula isitimela ngebhasi le-CAN, elisetshenziswa esitokisini sasekhaya.
Kungani ngibize le divayisi ngokubekezelela isikhathi eside? Ngoba ngaba ufakazi oqondile ekuveleni kwayo kokuqala esitokisini. Amadivayisi anjalo afakwe ezinombolweni zokuqala zezitimela zikagesi zaseRussia ezintsha: 2ES5K-001 Ermak, 2ES4K-001 Donchak kanye ne-EP2K-001.
Ngo-2007, ngabamba iqhaza ekuhlolweni kwesitifiketi sesitimela sikagesi i-2ES4K-001. I-crane engu-130 yafakwa kulo mshini. Kodwa-ke, noma kunjalo, kwakukhona ukukhuluma mayelana nokuthembeka kwayo okuphansi, ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi simangaliso sobuchwepheshe singakhulula ngokuzenzakalelayo amabhuleki. Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha bawushiya futhi "Ermaki", "Donchak" futhi EP2K bangena ekukhiqizeni nge 394 futhi 395 cranes. Inqubekelaphambili ibambezelekile kuze kuqedwe idivayisi entsha. Le crane ibuyele emizileni yaseNovocherkassk kuphela lapho kuqalwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-EP20 kagesi ka-2011. Kodwa i-“Ermaki”, “Donchak” kanye ne-EP2K abayitholanga inguqulo entsha yale crane. I-EP2K-001, ngendlela, nge-crane engu-130, manje isibola endaweni yokugcina, njengoba ngisanda kufunda kuvidiyo yomunye umlandeli wesitimela olahliwe.
Kodwa-ke, abasebenzi besitimela abanalo ithemba eliphelele ohlelweni olunjalo, ngakho-ke zonke izitimela ezifakwe i-valve 130 nazo zifakwe ama-valve okulawula okusekelayo, okuvumela, ngendlela elula, ukulawula ngokuqondile ingcindezi emgqeni wamabhuleki.
I-valve yokulawula amabhuleki ekhophi yasenqolobaneni ye-EP20
Idivayisi yokulawula yesibili nayo ifakwe ezitimeleni - i-valve ye-brake ewusizo (KVT), eklanyelwe ukulawula amabhuleki esitimela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amabhuleki esitimela. Nansi, kwesokunxele se-crane yesitimela
Isimo se-valve yamabhuleki asizayo. Inombolo 254
Isithombe sibonisa i-valve yebhuleki eyisizayo yakudala, isimo. Inombolo 254. Isafakwe ezindaweni eziningi, kuzo zombili izitimela zabagibeli nezimpahla. Ngokungafani namabhuleki enqola, amasilinda amabhuleki esitimeleni akakaze azigcwaliswanga ngqo ethangini lokulondoloza. Nakuba kokubili ithangi eliyisipele kanye nokusabalalisa umoya kufakwe ku-locomotive. Ngokuvamile, i-brake circuit ye-locomotive iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi kukhona amasilinda amabhuleki ku-locomotive. Umthamo wabo ophelele uphakeme kakhulu kunamalitha angu-8, ngakho-ke ngeke ukwazi ukuwagcwalisa kusuka ethangini eliyisipele kuya ekucindezelweni kwe-0,4 MPa - kuyadingeka ukwandisa umthamo we-spare tank, futhi lokhu kuzokwandisa isikhathi sokushaja uma kuqhathaniswa. kumishini yokugcwalisa agibele imoto.
Esitimeleni, ama-TC agcwaliswa kusuka endaweni yokugcina amanzi, kungaba nge-auxiliary brake valve, noma nge-switch switch, esetshenziswa isisabalalisi somoya esisebenza valvu yesitimela somshayeli.
I-Crane 254 inezinto ezingavamile ukuthi yona ngokwayo ingasebenza njengomshini wokucindezela, okuvumela ukukhululwa (ngezigaba!) kwamabhuleki esitimela lapho isitimela sibhuleki. Lolu hlelo lubizwa ngokuthi isekethe yokushintsha i-KVT njengesiphindaphinda futhi lusetshenziswa ezitimeleni zezimpahla.
I-valve ye-brake ewusizo isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwesitimela, kanye nokuvikela isitimela ngemva kokuma nangesikhathi sokupaka. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuma kwesitimela, le valve ibekwa endaweni yokugcina kakhulu yokubhuleka, futhi amabhuleki esitimeleni ayakhululwa. Amabhuleki esitimela ayakwazi ukubamba kokubili intimela kanye nesitimela emthambekeni ongathi sína.
Kumizila yesimanje kagesi, njenge-EP20, enye i-KVT ifakiwe, isibonelo i-conv. Inombolo 224
Isimo se-valve yamabhuleki asizayo. No. 224 (ngakwesokudla kuphaneli ehlukile)
2. Umklamo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwe-cond ye-crane yomshayeli. Inombolo 394/395
Ngakho-ke, iqhawe lethu lidala, elifakazelwa yisikhathi nezigidi zamakhilomitha ohambo, i-crane 394 (kanye ne-395, kodwa iyafana, ngakho-ke ngizokhuluma ngomunye wamadivayisi, ngikhumbula owesibili). Kungani lokhu hhayi i-130 yesimanje? Okokuqala, umpompi we-394 uvame kakhulu namuhla. Okwesibili, i-crane ye-130, noma kunalokho iphaneli yayo ye-pneumatic, ifana ncamashi nendala engu-394.
Icond ye-crane yomshayeli. No. 394: 1 - isisekelo se-valve shank yokukhipha; 2 - umzimba ophansi; 3 - ikhola yokuvala; 4 - intwasahlobo; 5 - i-valve yokukhipha; 6 - bushing nge qeda valve esihlalweni; 7 - piston elinganayo; 8 - i-cuff yenjoloba yokuvala; 9 - indandatho yethusi yokuvala; I-10 - umzimba wengxenye ephakathi; 11 - umzimba wengxenye engenhla; 12 - spool; 13 - isibambo sokulawula; 14 - isibambo sokukhiya; 15 - nut; I-16 - i-clamping screw; 17 - induku; 18 - i-spool spring; I-19 - i-pressure washer; 20 - ukufaka izigxobo; 21 - iphini lokukhiya; 22 - isihlungi; 23 - umthombo we-valve wokuhlinzeka; 24 - i-valve yokuhlinzeka; I-25 - i-bushing nesihlalo se-valve yokuhlinzeka; 26 - i-diaphragm ye-gearbox; 30 - intwasahlobo yokulungisa i-gearbox; 31 — inkomishi yokulungisa i-gearbox
Uyithanda kanjani? Idivayisi ebucayi. Lo mshini uqukethe ingxenye engenhla (spool), ingxenye ephakathi (ephakathi), ephansi (esilinganisi) ingxenye, i-stabilizer kanye ne-gearbox. I-gearbox iboniswa ngezansi kwesokudla esithombeni, ngizobonisa i-stabilizer ngokwehlukana
Isimo sokusimama kwe-crane yomshayeli. Inombolo 394: 1 - ipulaki; 2 - i-throttle valve spring, 3 - i-throttle valve; 4 - isihlalo se-throttle valve; 5 - umgodi olinganisiwe nobubanzi buka-0,45 mm; 6 - i-diaphragm; 7 - umzimba ozinzile; 8 - ukugcizelela; 10 - ukulungisa intwasahlobo; 11 - ukulungisa ingilazi.
Imodi yokusebenza ye-faucet isethwe ngokuguqula isibambo, esizungeza i-spool, egxiliwe ngokuqinile (futhi igcotshwe kahle!) Esibukweni esiphakathi nendawo ye-faucet. Kunezikhundla eziyisikhombisa, ngokuvamile zichazwa ngezinombolo zamaRoma
- I - iholide nokuzivocavoca
- II - isitimela
- III - ukweqa ngaphandle kokunikeza ukuvuza kulayini wamabhuleki
- IV - ukweqa nokutholakala kokuvuza okuvela emugqeni wamabhuleki
- Va - slow braking
- V - ukubhuleka ngesivinini sesevisi
- VI - ukubhuleka okuphuthumayo
Ezindleleni ze-traction, coasting nezokupaka, lapho singekho isidingo sokucupha amabhuleki esitimela, isibambo se-crane sibekwe endaweni yesibili. isitimela isikhundla.
I-spool nesibuko se-spool iqukethe iziteshi nezimbobo ezilinganisiwe lapho, kuye ngokuthi indawo yesibambo, umoya ugeleza usuka kwenye ingxenye yedivayisi uye kwenye. Yile ndlela i-spool nesibuko sayo esibukeka ngayo
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-crane yomshayeli 394 ixhunywe kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ithangi lokugeza (UR) enomthamo wamalitha angama-20. Leli chibi liyisilawuli sokucindezela kulayini wamabhuleki (TM). Ukucindezela okufakwe ku-tank yokulinganisa kuzogcinwa yingxenye yokulinganisa yempompi yomshayeli kanye ne-brake line (ngaphandle kwezikhundla I, III kanye ne-VI yesibambo).
Izingcindezi ku-equalization reservoir kanye nolayini wamabhuleki ziboniswa kumageji okulawula amandla afakwe kuphaneli yensimbi, ngokuvamile eduze nevalvu yomshayeli. Igeji ye-pressure gauge enezikhombo ezimbili ivame ukusetshenziswa, isibonelo lena
Umcibisholo obomvu ubonisa ingcindezi kulayini wamabhuleki, umcibisholo omnyama ubonisa ingcindezi ethangini lokuhlinzwa
Ngakho-ke, lapho i-crane isendaweni yesitimela, okuthiwa ingcindezi yokushaja. Ezitimeleni eziningi eziginqikayo kanye nezitimela zabagibeli ezine-locomotive traction, inani lazo ngokuvamile lingu-0,48 - 0,50 MPa, ezitimeleni zezimpahla 0,50 - 0,52 MPa. Kodwa ngokuvamile i-0,50 MPa, ingcindezi efanayo isetshenziswa ku-Sapsan ne-Lastochka.
Amadivayisi agcina ingcindezi yokushaja ku-UR yi-reducer kanye ne-crane stabilizer, esebenza ngokuzimela ngokuphelele komunye nomunye. Yenzani i-stabilizer? Ilokhu ikhipha umoya ethangini lokulinganisa ngembobo elinganisiwe enobubanzi obungu-0,45 mm emzimbeni wayo. Njalo, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa le nqubo isikhashana. Ukukhululwa komoya nge-stabilizer kwenzeka ngesilinganiso esiqinile esiqinile, esigcinwa yi-valve ye-throttle ngaphakathi kwe-stabilizer - ingcindezi ephansi ethangini lokulinganisa, i-valve ye-throttle ivula kancane. Lesi silinganiso siphansi kakhulu kunesilinganiso sokubhuleka sesevisi, futhi singalungiswa ngokuphendula inkomishi yokulungisa emzimbeni wokuzinzisa. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuqedwe ethangini lokuhlinzwa ishaja enkulu (okungukuthi, ukweqa ukushaja) ingcindezi.
Uma umoya ovela ku-equalization tank uhlala uhamba nge-stabilizer, khona-ke ngokushesha noma kamuva konke kuzohamba? Ngangizohamba, kodwa u-gearbox wawungangivumeli. Lapho ingcindezi ku-UR yehla ngaphansi kwezinga lokushaja, i-valve yokuphakelayo kusinciphisi iyavuleka, ixhuma ithange lokulinganisa nolayini wokuhlinzeka, igcwalise kabusha ukunikezwa komoya. Ngakho, ku-tank yokulinganisa, endaweni yesibili yesibambo se-valve, ingcindezi ye-0,5 MPa igcinwa njalo.
Le nqubo iboniswa kangcono yilo mdwebo
Isenzo se-crane yomshayeli endaweni II (isitimela): GR - ithangi eliyinhloko; TM - umugqa wamabhuleki; UR - ithangi lokuhlinzwa; At - emkhathini
Kuthiwani ngomugqa wamabhuleki? Ukucindezela okukuyo kugcinwa ngokulingana nokucindezela ku-tank yokulinganisa usebenzisa ingxenye yokulinganisa ye-valve, equkethe i-piston yokulinganisa (phakathi nendawo yomdwebo), i-valve yokuhlinzeka kanye ne-outlet, eqhutshwa i-piston. Umgodi ongenhla kwepiston uxhumana nethangi lokuhlinza (indawo ephuzi) nangaphansi kwepiston nge-brake line (indawo ebomvu). Lapho ingcindezi ku-UR ikhula, i-piston ihlehla, ixhuma umugqa webhuleki nolayini wokuhlinzeka, okubangela ukwanda kwengcindezi kuyo kuze kube yilapho ingcindezi ku-TM kanye nengcindezi ku-UR ilingana.
Lapho ukucindezela ku-reservoir yokulinganisa kuncipha, i-piston iya phezulu, ivula i-valve yokukhipha umoya, lapho umoya ophuma emgqeni webhuleki ubalekela emkhathini, kuze kube yilapho, futhi, lapho izingcindezi ezingenhla nangaphansi kwepiston zilingana.
Ngakho, endaweni yesitimela, ingcindezi emgqeni we-brake igcinwa ilingana nokucindezela kokushaja. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuvuza okuvela kuyo nakho kuyaphakelwa, ngoba, futhi ngihlala ngikhuluma ngalokhu, kukhona ukuvuza okuqinisekile futhi okuhlala njalo kuwo. Ukucindezela okufanayo kusungulwa emathangini ayisipele ezimoto kanye nesitimela, futhi ukuvuza nakho kuyakhishwa.
Ukuze uvule amabhuleki, umshayeli ubeka isibambo se-crane endaweni engu-V - ukubhuleka ngesivinini sesevisi. Kulokhu, umoya ukhishwa ethangini lokulinganisa ngokusebenzisa imbobo elinganisiwe, iqinisekisa izinga lokwehla kwengcindezi lika-0,01 - 0,04 MPa ngomzuzwana. Inqubo ilawulwa umshayeli esebenzisa i-pressure gauge ye-surge tank. Ngenkathi isibambo se-valve sisendaweni engu-V, umoya ushiya ithangi lokulinganisa. I-piston yokulinganisa iyasebenza, ikhuphuka futhi ivule i-valve yokukhulula, ikhulula ingcindezi evela kumugqa wamabhuleki.
Ukumisa inqubo yokukhipha umoya ethangini lokulinganisa, opharetha ubeka isibambo se-valve endaweni yokugqagqana - III noma IV. Inqubo yokukhulula umoya ethangini lokulinganisa, ngakho-ke kusukela kumugqa we-brake, iyama. Yile ndlela isiteji sokubhuleka sesevisi senziwa ngayo. Uma amabhuleki engasebenzi ngokwanele, kwenziwa esinye isinyathelo; kulokhu, isibambo se-crane sika-opharetha siphinde sithuthelwe endaweni engu-V.
Ngokwejwayelekile isikhulu Lapho ubhuleka, ukujula okuphezulu kokukhishwa komugqa wamabhuleki akufanele kudlule i-0,15 MPa. Kungani? Okokuqala, asikho isidingo sokukhipha ujule - ngenxa yesilinganiso samavolumu ethangi le-reserve kanye ne-cylinder brake (BC) ezimotweni, ukucindezela okungaphezu kuka-0,4 MPa ngeke kwakhiwe ku-BC. Futhi ukukhishwa kwe-0,15 MPa kufana nje nengcindezi ye-0,4 MPa kumasilinda amabhuleki. Okwesibili, kumane nje kuyingozi ukukhipha ujule - ngengcindezi ephansi kulayini webhuleki, isikhathi sokushaja samanzi ayisipele sizokhuphuka lapho kukhishwa ibhuleki, ngoba ashajwa ngokunembile kumugqa wamabhuleki. Okusho ukuthi, izenzo ezinjalo zigcwele ukukhathala kwebhuleki.
Umfundi othanda ukwazi uzobuza - uyini umehluko phakathi kophahla olusezikhundleni III kanye ne-IV?
Esimeni IV, i-spool ye-valve ivala ngokuphelele zonke izimbobo esibukweni. Isinciphisi asiwonzi ithangi lokulinganisa futhi ingcindezi ekulo ihlala izinzile, ngoba ukuvuza okuvela ku-UR kuncane kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-piston yokulinganisa iyaqhubeka nokusebenza, igcwalisa ukuvuza okuvela emgqeni we-brake, igcina kuyo ingcindezi eyasungulwa endaweni yokulinganisa ngemva kokubhuleka kokugcina. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kulungiselelwa kubizwa ngokuthi “ukugqagqana nokunikezwa kokuvuza okuvela kulayini wamabhuleki”
Esimeni III, i-spool ye-valve ixhumana nomunye nomunye imigodi engaphezulu nangaphansi kwepiston yokulinganisa, evimbela ukusebenza komzimba olinganayo - izingcindezi kuyo yomibili imigodi yehla ngasikhathi sinye ngezinga lokuvuza. Lokhu kuvuza akukhokhiswa kabusha isilinganisi. Ngakho-ke, indawo yesithathu yevalvu ibizwa ngokuthi “ukugqagqana ngaphandle kokunikeza ukuvuza okuvela kulayini wamabhuleki”
Kungani kunezikhundla ezimbili ezinjalo futhi hlobo luni lokugqagqana olusetshenziswa umshayeli? Kokubili, kuye ngesimo kanye nohlobo lwenkonzo yesitimela.
Lapho usebenzisa amabhuleki abagibeli, ngokwemiyalo, umshayeli kufanele abeke i-valve endaweni III (uphahla ngaphandle kwamandla) kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:
- Uma ulandela isignali evimbelayo
- Lapho ulawula i-EPT ngemuva kwesigaba sokuqala sokulawula ukubhuleka
- Lapho wehla endaweni ewumqansa noma endaweni efile
Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, ukudedelwa kwamabhuleki ngokuzenzekelayo akwamukelekile. Kungenzeka kanjani? Yebo, kulula kakhulu - abasabalalisi bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ngomehluko phakathi kwezingcindezi ezimbili - kulayini wamabhuleki kanye nedamu eligcinwe. Lapho ingcindezi kulayini wamabhuleki ikhula, amabhuleki akhululwa ngokuphelele.
Manje ake sicabange ukuthi siyibhuleki futhi siyibeke endaweni IV, lapho i-valve iphakela ukuvuza emgqeni wamabhuleki. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi esinye isilima ku-vestibule sivula kancane bese sivala i-valve yokumisa - i-scoundrel idlala nxazonke. I-valve yomshayeli idonsa lokhu kuvuza, okuholela ekwandeni kwengcindezi emgqeni wamabhuleki, futhi umsabalalisi womoya wabagibeli, ozwela kulokhu, unikeza ukukhululwa okuphelele.
Emalolini ezimpahla, indawo ye-IV isetshenziswa kakhulu - i-VR yezimpahla ayizweli kakhulu ekwenyukeni kwengcindezi ku-TM futhi inokukhululwa okunzima kakhulu. Isikhundla III sisethwa kuphela uma kukhona izinsolo zokuvuza okungamukelekile kumugqa wamabhuleki.
Akhululwa kanjani amabhuleki? Ukuze ukhululwe ngokuphelele, isibambo sika-opharetha sibekwe endaweni I - ukukhululwa nokushaja. Kulesi simo, kokubili ithangi lokulinganisa kanye nomugqa webhuleki kuxhunywe ngqo kulayini wokuphakelayo. Ukugcwaliswa kwethangi lokulinganisa kuphela kwenzeka ngembobo elinganisiwe, ngesivinini esisheshayo kodwa esilinganiselwe, esikuvumela ukuthi ulawule ingcindezi usebenzisa i-gauge yokucindezela. Futhi umugqa wamabhuleki ugcwaliswa ngesiteshi esibanzi, ukuze ukucindezela lapho kugxume ngokushesha ku-0,7 - 0,9 MPa (kuye ngokuthi ubude besitimela) futhi kuhlala lapho kuze kube yilapho isibambo se-valve sibekwe endaweni yesibili. Kungani kunjalo?
Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuqhutshwe inani elikhulu lomoya emgqeni we-brake, okwandisa kakhulu ukucindezela kuwo, okuzovumela ukuthi igagasi lokukhululwa liqinisekiswe ukuze lifinyelele imoto yokugcina. Lo mphumela ubizwa ngokuthi i-pulse supercharging. Ikuvumela ukuthi nobabili usheshise iholide ngokwalo futhi uqinisekise ukushajwa okusheshayo kwamathangi ayisipele kuso sonke isitimela.
Ukugcwalisa ithangi lokulinganisa ngenani elinikeziwe likuvumela ukuthi ulawule inqubo yokukhipha. Lapho ingcindezi ekuso ifinyelela ingcindezi yokushaja (ezitimeleni zabagibeli) noma ngokulinganisela okuthile, kuye ngobude besitimela (ezitimeleni zezimpahla), isibambo sevalvu yomshayeli sibekwa endaweni yesi-XNUMX yesitimela. I-stabilizer iqeda ukushajwa ngokweqile kwethangi lokulinganisa, futhi i-piston yokulinganisa yenza ngokushesha ingcindezi emgqeni we-brake ilingane nokucindezela ethangini lokulinganisa. Lena yindlela inqubo yokudedela amabhuleki ngokugcwele kumfutho wokushaja ibukeka kanjani ngokombono womshayeli.
Ukukhululwa okunyathelayo, esimweni sokulawulwa kwe-EPT noma ezitimeleni zezimpahla ngesikhathi semodi yokusebenza kwentaba yokusabalalisa umoya, kwenziwa ngokubeka isibambo se-valve endaweni yesitimela se-XNUMX, kulandelwa ukudluliselwa ophahleni.
Ilawulwa kanjani ibhuleki le-electropneumatic? I-EPT ilawulwa kusukela ku-crane opharetha ofanayo, kuphela i-395, efakwe isilawuli se-EPT. Kule "can", ebekwe phezulu kwesibambo, kukhona abathintwayo okuthi, ngokusebenzisa iyunithi yokulawula, balawule ukunikezwa kwamandla okuhle noma okungalungile, okuhlobene namareyili, kucingo lwe-EPT, futhi baphinde basuse leli khono lokukhulula. amabhuleki.
Uma i-EPT ivuliwe, i-braking yenziwa ngokubeka i-crane yomshayeli endaweni Va - i-slow braking. Kulesi simo, amasilinda ama-brake agcwaliswa ngokuqondile kumsabalalisi womoya kagesi ngesilinganiso se-0,1 MPa ngomzuzwana. Inqubo igadwa kusetshenziswa igeji yokucindezela kumasilinda amabhuleki. Ukukhishwa kwethangi lokulinganisa kwenzeka, kodwa kancane kancane.
I-EPT ingakhululwa noma i-stepwise, ngokubeka i-valve endaweni II, noma ngokuphelele, ngokuyibeka endaweni I nokwandisa ingcindezi ku-UR ngo-0,02 MPa ngaphezu kwezinga lokucindezela kokushaja. Lokhu kucishe kufane nendlela ebukeka ngayo ngokombono womshayeli
Kwenziwa kanjani ukubhuleka okuphuthumayo? Uma isibambo sevalvu sika-opharetha sisethelwe endaweni VI, i-spool ye-valve ivula umugqa webhuleki ngqo emkhathini ngokusebenzisa isiteshi esibanzi. Ingcindezi iyehla isuka ekushajeni iye ku-zero kumasekhondi angu-3-4. Ingcindezi ethangini lokuhlinzwa nayo iyancipha, kodwa kancane kancane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-accelerator amabhuleki ezimo eziphuthumayo avuliwe kubasabalalisi bomoya - i-VR ngayinye ivula umugqa wamabhuleki emkhathini. Izinhlansi zindiza zisuka ngaphansi kwamasondo, amasondo ayashibilika, naphezu kokwengeza isihlabathi ngaphansi kwawo...
Kulelo nalelo “phonsela okwesithupha”, umshayeli uzobhekana nokuhlaziywa edepho - ukuthi ngabe izenzo zakhe zazifanele yini iziyalezo zeMiyalelo Yokulawula Amabhuleki kanye Nemithetho Yokusebenza Kobuchwepheshe Be-Rolling Stock, kanye nenombolo. yemiyalelo yendawo. Ingasaphathwa yokucindezeleka abhekana nakho lapho “ephonsa okwesithupha.”
Ngakho-ke, uma uphumela kumareyili, ngena ngaphansi komgoqo wokuvala ukuwela emotweni, khumbula ukuthi umuntu ophilayo, umshayeli wesitimela, ekugcineni unecala ngephutha lakho, ubuwula, i-whim kanye ne-bravado. Futhi labo bantu okuzodingeka bakhulule amathumbu kuma-axles amasethi amasondo, basuse amakhanda anqanyuliwe kuma-gearbox okudonsa...
Angifuni ukwethusa muntu, kodwa leli iqiniso - iqiniso elibhalwe egazini kanye nomonakalo omkhulu wezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngakho-ke, amabhuleki esitimela awalula njengoba angase abonakale.
Umphumela
Ngeke ngicabangele ukusebenza kwe-valve ye-brake ewusizo kulesi sihloko. Ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala, le ndatshana igcwele amagama nobunjiniyela obomile futhi ayingeni neze ohlakeni lwesayensi edumile. Okwesibili, ukucatshangelwa kokusebenza kwe-KVT kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwencazelo ye-nuances yesifunda somoya we-locomotive brakes, futhi lokhu kuyisihloko sengxoxo ehlukile.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalesi sihloko ngifake ukwesaba okukholelwa ezeni kubafundi bami ... cha, cha, ngiyadlala, kunjalo. Ngaphandle kwamahlaya, ngicabanga ukuthi sekucacile ukuthi amasistimu okubhuleka ezitimeleni ayinkimbinkimbi yemishini exhumene futhi eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwedlulele, umklamo wayo ohloselwe ukulawula ngokushesha nokuphephile kwezimpahla ezihambayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngethemba ngempela ukuthi ngiye ngasiqeda amandla isifiso sokuhlekisa izisebenzi zesitimela ngokudlala nge-valve yamabhuleki. Okungenani ngomuntu...
Kumacomment bacela ngikutshele ngeSapsan. Kuyoba khona "Peregrine Falcon", futhi kuyoba isihloko esihlukile, esihle futhi esikhulu, esinemininingwane ecashile kakhulu. Lesi sitimela sikagesi sanginika isikhathi esifushane, kodwa esidala kakhulu ekuphileni kwami, ngakho ngifuna ngempela ukukhuluma ngaso, futhi nakanjani ngizosifeza isithembiso sami.
Ngithanda ukudlulisa ukubonga kwami kubantu nezinhlangano ezilandelayo:
- I-Roman Biryukov (i-Romych Russian Railways) yezithombe zezithombe kukhabethe le-EP20
- Iwebhusayithi - ngemidwebo ethathwe kuzinsiza zabo
- Nakulokhu ku-Roma Biryukov no-Sergei Avdonin ukuze bathole iseluleko mayelana nezici ezicashile zokuhlinza amabhuleki
Kuze kube ngokuzayo, bangane abathandekayo!
Source: www.habr.com