Iphrojekthi ye-Debian isiqale ivoti elijwayelekile endabeni yokuhlinzeka nge-firmware yobunikazi

Iphrojekthi ye-Debian imemezele ivoti elijwayelekile (GR, ukulungiswa okujwayelekile) konjiniyela bephrojekthi odabeni lokuhlinzeka nge-firmware yobunikazi njengengxenye yezithombe zokufakwa ezisemthethweni kanye nezakhiwo ezibukhoma. Isigaba sezingxoxo sezinto ezizovotelwa sizoqhubeka kuze kube uSepthemba 2, okuyothi ngemva kwalokho kuqale ukuqoqwa kwamavoti. Cishe onjiniyela abayinkulungwane ababamba iqhaza ekugcineni amaphakheji kanye nokugcina ingqalasizinda ye-Debian banamalungelo okuvota.

Muva nje, abakhiqizi bezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha baye baphendukela ekusebenziseni i-firmware yangaphandle elayishwe uhlelo lokusebenza, esikhundleni sokuletha i-firmware kwimemori ehlala njalo kumadivayisi ngokwawo. I-firmware enjalo yangaphandle iyadingeka ezithombeni eziningi zesimanje, umsindo kanye nama-adaptha enethiwekhi. Ngasikhathi sinye, umbuzo wokuthi ukulethwa kwe-firmware yokuphathelene kuhlotshaniswa kanjani nesidingo sokuhlinzeka ngesoftware yamahhala kuphela ekwakhiweni okuyinhloko kwe-Debian awucacile, ngoba i-firmware isetshenziswa kumadivayisi wehadiwe, hhayi ohlelweni, futhi ihlobene nemishini. . Amakhompyutha esimanje, afakwe ngisho nangokusabalaliswa kwamahhala, asebenzisa i-firmware eyakhelwe kumishini. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi enye i-firmware ilayishwe uhlelo lokusebenza, kanti ezinye sezivele zikhanya ku-ROM noma kwimemori ye-Flash.

Kuze kube manje, i-firmware yokuphathelene ibingafakiwe ezithombeni ezisemthethweni zokufakwa kwe-Debian futhi inikezwe endaweni yokugcina ehlukile engekho mahhala. Imihlangano yokufaka ene-firmware yokuphathelene inesimo esingekho emthethweni futhi isakazwa ngokuhlukana, okuholela ekudidekeni futhi kudala ubunzima kubasebenzisi, ngoba ezimweni eziningi ukusebenza okugcwele kwemishini yesimanje kungafinyelelwa kuphela ngemva kokufaka i-firmware yobunikazi. Iphrojekthi ye-Debian ilungiselela futhi igcine imihlangano engekho emthethweni nge-firmware yokuphathelene, edinga izindleko ezengeziwe zezinsiza ekuhlanganiseni, ekuhloleni nasekuthumeleni imihlangano engekho emthethweni ephinda leyo esemthethweni.

Kuvele isimo lapho ukwakhiwa okungekho emthethweni kungcono kakhulu kumsebenzisi uma efuna ukuzuza ukwesekwa okuvamile kwemishini yakhe, futhi ukufaka ukwakhiwa okusemthethweni okunconyiwe kuvame ukuholela ezinkingeni ngokusekelwa kwehadiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwemihlangano engekho emthethweni kuphazamisa ukufeza inhloso yokuletha isofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile kuphela futhi ngokungazi kuholela ekwandiseni isofthiwe yobunikazi, njengoba umsebenzisi, kanye ne-firmware, iphinde ithole indawo yokugcina engakhululekile nezinye ezingezona. isofthiwe yamahhala.

Ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga ngokwenza kusebenze kubasebenzisi benqolobane engeyona yamahhala esimweni sokusebenzisa i-firmware engeyona yamahhala, kuhlongozwa ukuthi kuhlukaniswe i-firmware yokuphathelene nenqolobane engeyona yamahhala ibe ingxenye ehlukile engeyona yamahhala-firmware futhi inikezwe ngokuhlukile. , ngaphandle kokudinga ukuthi inqolobane engekho mahhala isebenze. Mayelana nokulethwa kwe-firmware yobunikazi emihlanganweni yokufaka, izinketho ezintathu zezinguquko zabekwa ukuze kuvotelwe:

Faka amaphakheji we-firmware angamahhala kumidiya yokufaka esemthethweni. Isithombe esisha sokufaka esifaka i-firmware engakhululekile sizothunyelwa esikhundleni sesithombe esiqukethe kuphela isofthiwe yamahhala. Uma unemishini edinga i-firmware yangaphandle ukuze isebenze, ukusetshenziswa kwe-firmware yobunikazi edingekayo kuzovulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kulokhu, esiteji sokuqalisa, kuzongezwa isilungiselelo esikuvumela ukuthi ukhubaze ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwe-firmware engekho mahhala. Ukuze umsebenzisi enze ukukhetha enolwazi, isifaki sizohlukanisa ngokucacile i-firmware yamahhala nengeyona yamahhala, futhi sibonise ulwazi mayelana nokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-firmware oluzolayishwa. Ngemva kokufaka ohlelweni, kuhlongozwa ukuthi kwengezwe inqolobane ye-firmware engekho mahhala kufayela le-sources.list ngokuzenzakalelayo, okuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole izibuyekezo ze-firmware ezilungisa ubungozi namaphutha abalulekile.

Lungiselela isithombe sokufaka esine-firmware engakhululekile, njengoba kuchazwe ephuzwini 1, kodwa sinikeze ngokuhlukile, hhayi esikhundleni sesithombe esiqukethe kuphela isofthiwe yamahhala. Kuhlongozwa ukunikeza isimo esisemthethweni esithombeni esisha sokufakwa nge-firmware yobunikazi, kodwa uqhubeke nokuhlinzeka ngenguqulo yakudala yesithombe esisemthethweni, esingafaki i-firmware yobunikazi. Ukwenza kube lula kwabafikayo ukuthi bathole, isithombe esine-firmware sizoboniswa endaweni ebonakalayo kakhudlwana. Isithombe esingenayo i-firmware sizonikezwa ekhasini elifanayo lokulanda, kodwa njengokubalulekile okuphansi.

Vumela iphrojekthi ye-Debian ukuthi yakhe isithombe esihlukile sokufaka esihlanganisa amaphakheji asuka esigabeni esingakhululekile, azotholakala ukuze alandwe ngaphezu kwesithombe sokufaka esiqukethe kuphela isofthiwe yamahhala. Ukulanda kuzohlelwa ngendlela yokuthi umsebenzisi, ngaphambi kokuqala ukulanda, uzothola ulwazi mayelana nokuthi yisiphi isithombe esiqukethe isofthiwe yamahhala kuphela.

Source: opennet.ru