Ngenxa yokwanda okuqhubekayo kwezinga lokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi, minyaka yonke imibhalo ye-elekthronikhi iba lula kakhulu futhi idingeka kakhulu futhi isiqala ukubusa phezu kwemithombo yephepha yendabuko. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka ngesikhathi esifanele ukuvikela okuqukethwe kolwazi hhayi kuphela emithonjeni yephepha yendabuko, kodwa nakumadokhumende e-elektroniki. Yonke inkampani enkulu enezimfihlo zezentengiselwano, zombuso kanye nezinye ifuna ukuvimbela ukuvuza kolwazi okungenzeka kanye nokuyekethisa kolwazi oluhlukanisiwe, futhi uma ukuvuza kutholwa, thatha izinyathelo zokumisa ukuvuza futhi ukhombe owephulile.
Okuncane mayelana nezinketho zokuvikela
Ukwenza le misebenzi, izakhi ezithile zokuzivikela ziyethulwa. Izakhi ezinjalo zingaba amabhakhodi, amathegi abonakalayo, amathegi e-electronic, kodwa okuthakazelisa kakhulu amathegi afihliwe. Omunye wabameleli abagqama kakhulu ama-watermark; angasetshenziswa ephepheni noma engezwe ngaphambi kokuphrinta kuphrinta. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi amaphrinta abeka ama-watermark awo (amachashazi aphuzi namanye amamaki) lapho ephrinta, kodwa sizocubungula ezinye izinto zobuciko ezingafakwa kusikrini sekhompyutha endaweni yokusebenza yesisebenzi. Ama-artifact anjalo akhiqizwa iphakheji yesofthiwe ekhethekile edweba ama-artifact ngaphezulu kwendawo yokusebenza yomsebenzisi, enciphisa ukubonakala kwama-artifact ngokwawo futhi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa umsebenzi womsebenzisi. Lobu buchwepheshe bunezimpande zasendulo ngokwentuthuko yesayensi kanye nezindlela ezisetshenziswayo ukwethula ulwazi olufihliwe, kodwa azivamile neze ezweni lanamuhla. Le ndlela itholakala ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezempi nasephepheni, ukuze kutholakale ngokushesha abasebenzi abangenanembeza. Lobu buchwepheshe buyaqala ukwethulwa endaweni yezohwebo. Ama-watermark abonakalayo manje asetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ukuvikela i-copyright yamafayela emidiya ahlukahlukene, kodwa angabonakali awavamile. Kodwa futhi zivusa isithakazelo esikhulu.
Ama-Artifact Ezokuphepha
Okungabonakali kubantu Ama-watermark enza izinto zobuciko ezihlukahlukene ezingase zibe, empeleni, zingabonakali ngeso lomuntu, futhi zingambozwa esithombeni ngendlela yamachashazi amancane kakhulu. Sizocabangela izinto ezibonakalayo, njengoba lezo ezingabonakali ngeso zingase zibe ngaphandle kwesikhala sombala esivamile sabaqaphi abaningi. Lawa ma-artifact anenani elithile ngenxa yezinga lawo eliphezulu lokungabonakali. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukwenza ama-CEH angabonakali ngokuphelele. Enqubweni yokuqaliswa kwazo, uhlobo oluthile lokuhlanekezelwa kwesithombe sesitsha lwethulwa emfanekisweni, futhi uhlobo oluthile lwezinto zobuciko luvela kuso. Ake sicabangele izinhlobo ezi-2 zezinto:
- I-Cyclical
- Isiphithiphithi (kwethulwa ukuguqulwa kwesithombe)
Ama-elementi e-cyclic amele ukulandelana okuthile okunomkhawulo kwezinto eziphindayo eziphindaphindwa kaningi kusithombe sesikrini (Fig. 1).
Izinto zokwenziwa zesiphithiphithi zingabangelwa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuguqulwa kwesithombe esimboziwe (Fig. 2), isibonelo, ukwethulwa kwehologram.
Ilayisi. 1 Izinto ezenziwe ngamabhayisikili
Ilayisi. 2 Izinto zobuciko ezinesiphithiphithi
Okokuqala, ake sibheke izinketho zokuqaphela ama-artifact angama-cyclic. Ama-artifact anjalo angaba:
- ama-watermark ombhalo aphinda esikrinini sonke
- ukulandelana kanambambili
- isethi yamaphoyinti esiphithiphithi kuseli yegridi ngayinye
Wonke ama-artifact asohlwini asetshenziswa ngokuqondile phezu kokuqukethwe okubonisiwe; ngokufanelekile, angabonwa ngokuhlonza i-extrema yendawo ye-histogram yesiteshi sombala ngasinye futhi, ngokufanelekile, ukusika yonke eminye imibala. Le ndlela ihilela ukusebenza nezinhlanganisela zokweqisa kwasendaweni kweshaneli ngayinye ye-histogram. Inkinga incike ekusesheni i-extrema yendawo esithombeni esiyinkimbinkimbi enemininingwane eminingi eguqukayo ebukhali; i-histogram ibukeka i-sawtooth kakhulu, okwenza le ndlela ingasebenzi. Ungazama ukusebenzisa izihlungi ezahlukahlukene, kepha zizokwethula okwazo ukuhlanekezela, okungase kuholele ekungakwazini ukubona i-watermark. Kukhona futhi inketho yokubona lawa ma-artifact kusetshenziswa izitholi ezithile ezisemaphethelweni (isibonelo, umtshina we-Canny edge). Lezi zindlela zinendawo yazo yama-artifact abukhali kakhulu ekuguqukeni; izitholi zingagqamisa amakhonco wesithombe bese kamuva zikhethe ububanzi bemibala phakathi kwamakhonco ukuze zenze isithombe sibe kabili ukuze kuqhutshekwe kugqanyiswe ama-artifact ngokwawo, kodwa lezi zindlela zidinga ukushuna kahle ukuze kugqanyiswe amakhonsathi adingekayo, kanye nokushintshaniswa okubili kwesithombe ngokwaso ngokuhlobene nemibala kumakhonsathi akhethiwe. Lawa ma-algorithms athathwa njengangathembekile futhi azama ukusebenzisa ezinzile futhi azimele ohlotsheni lwezingxenye zemibala yesithombe.
Ilayisi. 3 I-Watermark ngemuva kokuguqulwa
Ngokuqondene nezinto zobuciko ezinesiphithiphithi okukhulunywe ngazo ekuqaleni, ama-algorithms wokuzibona zizohluka kakhulu. Njengoba ukwakheka kwezinto zobuciko zesiphithiphithi kucatshangwa ngokubeka i-watermark ethile esithombeni, eguqulwa ngolunye uguquko (isibonelo, uguquko olucacile lwe-Fourier). Ama-artifacts avela kunguquko enjalo asatshalaliswa kuso sonke isikrini futhi kunzima ukuhlonza iphethini yawo. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, i-watermark izotholakala kuso sonke isithombe ngendlela yama-artifacts "okungahleliwe". Ukuqashelwa kwe-watermark enjalo kwehla ukuze kuqondiswe ukuguqulwa kwesithombe kusetshenziswa imisebenzi yokuguqula. Umphumela wokuguqulwa uvezwa emfanekisweni (Fig. 3).
Kepha kuvela izinkinga eziningi ezivimbela ukuqashelwa kwe-watermark ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Kuya ohlotsheni lokuguqulwa, kungase kube nobunzima obuhlukahlukene, isibonelo, ukungenzeki kokubonwa kwedokhumenti etholwe ngokuthwebula nge-engeli enkulu ehlobene nesikrini, noma nje isithombe sekhwalithi engeyinhle, noma ukuthwebula isikrini okugcinwe kuso. ifayela elinokucindezelwa kokulahlekelwa okukhulu. Zonke lezi zinkinga ziholela enkingeni yokuhlonza i-watermark; esimweni sesithombe esine-angle, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izinguquko eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ukusebenzisa ukuguqulwa kwe-affine esithombeni, kodwa akuqinisekisi ukubuyiselwa okuphelele kwe-watermark. Uma sicabangela icala lokuthwebula isikrini, kuvela izinkinga ezimbili: eyokuqala iwukuhlanekezela lapho iboniswa esikrinini ngokwayo, eyesibili iwukuhlanekezela lapho ulondoloza isithombe esikrinini ngokwaso. Eyokuqala kunzima kakhulu ukuyilawula ngenxa yokuthi kukhona ama-matrices wabaqaphi bekhwalithi ehlukene, futhi ngenxa yokungabikho kombala owodwa noma omunye, bafaka umbala ngokuya ngokumelela kwabo kombala, ngaleyo ndlela bethula ukuhlanekezela ku-watermark ngokwayo. Okwesibili kunzima nakakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi ungagcina isithombe-skrini kunoma iyiphi ifomethi futhi, ngokufanele, ulahlekelwe ingxenye yohlu lombala, ngakho-ke, singamane silahlekelwe i-watermark ngokwayo.
Izinkinga zokusebenzisa
Emhlabeni wanamuhla, maningi impela ama-algorithms okwethula ama-watermark, kodwa awekho aqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-100% iphinde iqashelwe i-watermark ngemva kokuqaliswa kwayo. Ubunzima obukhulu ukunquma isethi yezimo zokukhiqiza ezingase zivele esimweni ngasinye esithile. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kunzima ukudala i-algorithm yokuqaphela engacabangela zonke izici ezingenzeka zokuhlanekezela kanye nemizamo yokulimaza i-watermark. Isibonelo, uma isihlungi se-Gaussian sisetshenziswa esithombeni samanje, futhi ama-artifact asesithombeni sokuqala abemancane kakhulu futhi ephambana nengemuva lesithombe, kuzoba nzima ukukubona, noma ingxenye ye-watermark izolahleka. . Ake sicabangele indaba yesithombe, ngezinga eliphezulu lokungenzeka lizoba ne-moire (Fig. 5) kanye "negridi" (Fig. 4). I-Moire yenzeka ngenxa yokwahluka kwe-matrix yesikrini kanye nokwahluka kwe-matrix yesisetshenziswa sokurekhoda; kulesi simo, izithombe ezimbili ezinezikhala zibekwe phezulu phezu kwesinye. Imeshi cishe izomboza kancane ama-artifact e-watermark futhi ibangele inkinga yokuqashelwa; i-moire, yona, kwezinye izindlela zokushumeka i-watermark yenza kungenzeki ukuyibona, njengoba idlula ingxenye yesithombe ne-watermark.
Ilayisi. 4 Igridi yesithombe
Ilayisi. 5 Moire
Ukuze ukwandise umkhawulo wokuqaphela ama-watermark, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ama-algorithms asekelwe kumanethiwekhi e-neural okufundayo kanye nenqubo yokusebenza, azofunda ngokwawo ukubona izithombe ze-watermark. Manje kunenombolo enkulu yamathuluzi nezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi ye-neural, isibonelo, evela ku-Google. Uma uthanda, ungathola isethi yezithombe eziyisethenjwa futhi ufundise inethiwekhi ye-neural ukubona ama-artifact adingekayo. Le ndlela inamathuba athembisayo kakhulu okuhlonza ngisho nama-watermark ahlanekezelwe kakhulu, kodwa ukukhonjwa ngokushesha kudinga amandla amakhulu ekhompuyutha kanye nesikhathi eside sokuqeqeshwa ukuze kukhonjwe okulungile.
Yonke into echazwe ibonakala ilula, kodwa lapho ujula kulezi zinkinga, yilapho uqonda ngokwengeziwe ukuthi ukuze ubone ama-watermark udinga ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ekusebenziseni noma imaphi ama-algorithms, kanye nesikhathi esengeziwe sokuwaletha emathubeni adingekayo. ebona isithombe ngasinye.
Source: www.habr.com