Ukukhishwa kwekhithi yokusabalalisa ye-Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

kwenzeka ukukhishwa kokusabalalisa Ubuntu 20.04 "Focal Fossa", ehlukaniswa njengokukhululwa kosekelo lwesikhathi eside (LTS), okwenziwa ngakho izibuyekezo esikhathini esiyiminyaka emi-5 kuze kube ngu-April 2025. Ukufakwa nezithombe zokuqalisa zenzelwe Ubuntu, Ubuntu Server, Lubuntu, Kubuntu, Ubuntu Mate, Ubuntu
Budgie, Ubuntu Studio, Xubuntu kanye no-UbuntuKylin (ushicilelo lwase-China).

main shintsha:

• Ideskithophu ibuyekeziwe ngaphambi kokukhishwa I-GNOME 3.36, eyethule imodi ethi “ungaphazamisi” ukuze ufihle izaziso ezintsha okwesikhashana, yengeze uhlelo lokusebenza oluhlukile lokuphatha izengezo ku-GNOME Shell, yenza umklamo wesimanjemanje wezindawo zokungena nokuvula isikrini, yaklama kabusha iningi lezingxoxo zesistimu, futhi yengeza umsebenzi. ekuqaliseni izinhlelo zokusebenza kusetshenziswa i-GPU eqondile kumasistimu anezithombe ezixubile, ikhono lokuqamba kabusha izinkomba ezinezinhlelo zokusebenza lisetshenziswe kumodi yokubuka konke, inketho yokunika amandla isistimu yokulawula yabazali yengezwe kusilekeleli sokusetha sokuqala, njll.
  

• Itimu ye-Yaru ezenzakalelayo iklanywe kabusha, lapho, ngaphezu kwezindlela ezimnyama (izihloko ezimnyama, ingemuva elimnyama nezilawuli ezimnyama) nokukhanya (izihloko ezimnyama, ingemuva elikhanyayo nezilawuli zokukhanya), kuzovela inketho yesithathu yokukhanya ngokuphelele. Kuphakanyiswe idizayini entsha yemenyu yesistimu nemenyu yohlelo lokusebenza. Kungezwe izithonjana zomkhombandlela ezintsha ezilungiselelwe ukuboniswa kungemuva elikhanyayo nelimnyama.
  

  Kusetshenziswe isixhumi esibonakalayo esisha sokushintsha izinketho zetimu.

  

• Ukusebenza kwe-GNOME Shell kanye nomphathi wewindi kuthuthukisiwe. Kwehlisiwe ukulayishwa kwe-CPU kanye nokubambezeleka okuncishisiwe ngesikhathi sokunikezwa kokugqwayiza lapho kushintshwa amawindi, ukuhambisa igundane, nokuvula imodi yokubuka konke.
• Kwengezwe usekelo lokujula kombala okungu-10-bit.
• Ku-X11, usekelo lokukala ngokwengxenye luqalisiwe, obelutholakala kuphela uma usebenzisa i-Wayland. Lesi sici sikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe usayizi olungile wezinto ezikrinini ezinokuminyana kwamaphikseli aphezulu (HiDPI), isibonelo, ungakwazi ukwandisa ama-elementi okusebenza abonisiwe hhayi izikhathi ezi-2, kodwa ngo-1.5.
• Kwengezwe isikrini esisha se-splash esivela ku-boot.
• Isithonjana sokuzulazula ngokushesha esitolo se-inthanethi sase-Amazon sisusiwe.
• I-Linux kernel ibuyekeziwe ukuze ikhishwe 5.4. Njengasekwindla, i-algorithm ye-LZ4 isetshenziselwa ukucindezela i-kernel nesithombe sokuqala sokuqalisa se-initramfs, esinciphisa isikhathi sokuqalisa ngenxa yokuwohloka kwedatha okusheshayo. Izinguquko eziphawulekayo uma ziqhathaniswa ne-4.15 kernel esetshenziswa ku-Ubuntu 18.04 LTS zifaka ukusekelwa kwe-AMD Rome CPU, Radeon RX Vega M ne-Navi GPU, Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 SoC, Intel Cannon Lake platforms, Raspberry Pi 2B, 3B, 3A+, 3B+ board, CM3, I-CM3+ ne-4B, ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo ekuphathweni kwamandla, ukusekelwa okuthuthukisiwe kwe-USB 3.2 nohlobo C, i-API entsha yokukhweza, isixhumi esibonakalayo se-io_uring, i-pidfd ne-AMD SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization) usekelo ku-KVM.
• Izingxenye zesistimu ezibuyekeziwe namathuluzi okuthuthukisa: Glibc 2.31, BlueZ 5.53, OpenJDK 11, rustc 1.41, GCC 9.3, Python 3.8.2, ruby ​​​​2.7.0, Ruby on Rails 5.2.3, php 7.4, perl 5.30, hamba 1.13.
• Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibuyekeziwe zomsebenzisi nezithombe:
  Mesa 20.0, Qt 5.12.8, PulseAudio 14.0-pre, Firefox 75.0, Thunderbird 68.7.0, LibreOffice 6.4.2, GIMP 2.10.18, VLC 3.0.9.

• Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibuyekeziwe zamaseva nokwenza izinto ezibonakalayo:
  I-QEMU 4.2, libvirt 6.0, Bind 9.16, HAProxy 2.0, OpenSSH 8.2 (ngokusekelwa kwamathokheni okuqinisekisa izici ezimbili ze-FIDO/U2F kanye nekhono lokubeka izilungiselelo kokuthi /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/*.conf). I-Apache httpd inosekelo lwe-TLSv1.3 olunikwe amandla.

• Kungezwe ukusekelwa kwe-VPN WireGuard.
• I-daemon yokuvumelanisa isikhathi se-chrony ibuyekeziwe ukuze ibe yinguqulo engu-3.5 futhi ihlukaniswe ngokungeziwe kusistimu ngokuxhuma isihlungi sezingcingo zesistimu.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhono lokuhlola lokufaka ku-root partition ne-ZFS kuqhubekile. Ukuqaliswa kwe-ZFSonLinux kubuyekezwe ukuze kukhishwe 0.8.3 ngokusekelwa kokubethela, ukukhishwa okushisayo kwamadivayisi, umyalo we-“zpool trim”, ukusheshiswa kwemiyalo ethi “scrub” kanye “nesilver”. Ukuphatha i-ZFS, i-zsys daemon iyathuthukiswa, ekuvumela ukuthi usebenzise amasistimu amaningana afanayo ne-ZFS kukhompyutha eyodwa, izenzele ngokuzenzakalelayo ukwakhiwa kwezifinyezo futhi ilawule ukusatshalaliswa kwedatha yesistimu nedatha eguqukayo phakathi neseshini yomsebenzisi. Izifinyezo ezihlukene zingaqukatha izimo zesistimu ezihlukene futhi zishintshe phakathi kwazo. Isibonelo, uma kunezinkinga ngemva kokufaka izibuyekezo, ungabuyela esimweni esidala esizinzile ngokukhetha isifinyezo sangaphambilini. Izifinyezo zingaphinda zisetshenziselwe ukwenza isipele ngokuzenzakalelayo nangokuzenzakalelayo idatha yomsebenzisi.
• Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhishwa kwangaphambilini kwe-LTS, Isitolo se-Snap sithathe indawo ye-Ubuntu Software njengesixhumi esibonakalayo esizenzakalelayo sokuthola nokufaka amaphakheji avamile nasheshayo.
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwamaphakheji okwakhiwa kwe-i386 kumisiwe. Ukuze uqhubeke nokusebenza kwezinhlelo zefa ezihlala kuphela kufomu le-32-bit noma ezidinga imitapo yolwazi engamabhithi angu-32, ukuhlanganisa nokulethwa kuyahlinzekwa. isethi ehlukene Amaphakheji welabhulali ye-32-bit.
• Kusistimu netplan.io, esetshenziselwa ukugcina izilungiselelo zokusebenzelana kwenethiwekhi, ukwengezwa kosekelo lokumisa amadivayisi enethiwekhi ebonakalayo i-SR-IOV, amamodemu e-GSM (nge-NetworkManager backend), imingcele ye-WiFi (bssid/band/channel). Kuyenzeka futhi ukusetha inketho ye-ipv6-address-generation ye-NetworkManager kanye ne-emit-lldp ye-networkd.
• I-Python 3.8 yengezwe ekusatshalalisweni kwesisekelo, futhi amaphakheji e-Python 2.7 athuthelwe endaweni yokugcina indawo futhi awathunyelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Amaphakheji asele e-Python 2.7 ekusabalaliseni ashintshiwe ukuze asebenzise umhumushi /usr/bin/python2. Ifayela /usr/bin/python alisafakiwe ngokuzenzakalelayo (iphakheji ye-python-is-python3 iyadingeka ukudala /usr/bin/python eboshwe kuPython 3).
• Ngokuzenzakalelayo, kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezisekelwayo, isithombe se-iso se-Ubuntu Server sinikezwa nesifaki se-Subiquity esenza ukufakwa kumodi ebukhoma. I-Subiquity isekela imisebenzi efana nokuhlukaniswa kwediski, ukukhethwa kwesakhiwo solimi nekhibhodi, ukwakhiwa komsebenzisi, ukumiswa koxhumano lwenethiwekhi, i-RAID, i-LVM, ukucushwa kwe-VLAN nokuhlanganisa isixhumi esibonakalayo. Phakathi kwezici ezintsha, kukhona imodi yokufaka ezenzakalelayo esebenzisa iphrofayela ye-JSON kanye nekhono lokufaka i-bootloader kumadiski amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa (ukuze ukwazi ukuqala kunoma iyiphi enye uma i-bootloader yonakalisiwe). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwe izilungiso ukuze kube lula ukusetshenziswa kombhalo wemfihlo, ukufakwa kumadiski ezindlela eziningi, nokwandisa ukwethembeka kokusebenzisa amadiski anezinye izinhlelo esezifakiwe.
• В Kubuntu Ideskithophu ye-KDE Plasma 5.18, i-KDE Applications 19.12.3 kanye nohlaka lwe-Qt 5.12.5 kuyahlinzekwa. Isidlali somculo esimisiwe ngu-Elisa 19.12.3, othathe indawo yeCantata. I-latte-dock ebuyekeziwe 0.9.10, KDEConnect 1.4.0, Krita 4.2.9, Kdevelop 5.5.0. Ukusekelwa kwezicelo ze-KDE4 ne-Qt4 kunqanyuliwe. I-KDE PIM isusiwe ekusabalaliseni okuyisisekelo futhi kufanele manje ifakwe endaweni yokugcina. Iseshini yokuhlola esekelwe ku-Wayland iyaphakanyiswa (ngemuva kokufaka iphakheji ye-plasma-workspace-wayland, into yokuzikhethela ethi “Plasma (Wayland)” ivela esikrinini sokungena ngemvume).
  

• Ubuntu MATE 20.04: Ideskithophu ye-MATE ibuyekezelwe enguqulweni 1.24. Kungezwe isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuvuselela i-firmware kusetshenziswa fwupd. I-Compiz ne-Compton zisusiwe ekusabalaliseni. Kunikezwe ukuboniswa kwezithonjana zewindi kuphaneli, isixhumi esibonakalayo sokushintsha umsebenzi (i-Alt-Tab) nesishintshi sedeskithophu. I-applet entsha yokubonisa izaziso isiphakamisiwe. I-Evolution isetshenziswa njengeklayenti le-imeyili esikhundleni se-Thunderbird. Lapho ufaka izishayeli ze-NVIDIA zobunikazi, ezingakhethwa kusifaki, i-applet inikezwa ukuze kushintshwe phakathi kwama-GPU ahlukene kumasistimu anezithombe ezixubile (NVIDIA Optimus).
  
• Ubuntu Budgie: Ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-applet enemenyu yohlelo ivuliwe I-stylish kanye ne-applet yayo yokuphatha izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi.
  Isixhumi esibonakalayo esingeziwe sokushintsha ngokushesha izakhiwo zedeskithophu (Budgie, Classic Ubuntu Budgie, Ubuntu Budgie, Cupertino, The One
  kanye ne-Redmond).
  Iphakheji eyinhloko ifaka i-GNOME Firmware kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-GNOME Drawing.
  Ukuhlanganiswa okuthuthukisiwe ne-GNOME 3.36. Ideskithophu ye-Budgie ibuyekezelwe enguqulweni engu-10.5.1. Izilungiselelo ezingeziwe zokunqanda ukudalulwa kanye nokusikisela kwefonti. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-applet yethreyi yesistimu ivaliwe (ngenxa yezinkinga zokusebenza). Ama-apula asetshenziselwa izikrini ze-HiDPI.
  

• Ubuntu Studio: Izilawuli ze-Ubuntu Studio zihlukanisa izilungiselelo ze-Jack Master, amadivaysi engeziwe nezingqimba ze-PulseAudio. Kubuyekeziwe RaySession 0.8.3, Audacity 2.3.3, Hydrogen 1.0.0-beta2, Carla 2.1-RC2,
  I-Blender 2.82, KDEnlive 19.12.3, Krita 4.2.9, GIMP 2.10.18,
  Ardor 5.12.0, Scribus 1.5.5, Darktable 2.6.3, Pitivi 0.999, Inkscape 0.92.4, OBS Studio 25.0.3, MyPaint 2.0.0, Rawtherapee 5.8.

• В Xubuntu Ukubukeka kwetimu emnyama kwaqashelwa. Idizayini yezixhumanisi zohlelo lokusebenza ezifakwe kusuka kumaphakheji e-deb, i-snap ne-flatpak isihlanganisiwe. Iphakheji ye-apt-offline, edinga ukuthi i-Python 2 isebenze, kanye nephakheji ye-pidgin-libnotify, ikhishiwe kuphakheji yesisekelo. Izinguqulo zohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Xfce 4.14 zibuyekeziwe.
  

• ILubuntu 20.04 kwaba ukukhishwa kokuqala kwe-LTS ukunikeza indawo ezenzakalelayo yesithombe I-LXQt (imikhumbi ikhipha i-0.14.1) esikhundleni se-LXDE. I-Discover Software Center 5.18.4 isetshenziselwa ukuphatha ukufakwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza.
  

• Kwakhiwe inhlangano Ubuntu nge-Deepin desktop. Iphrojekthi isewuhlelo olungekho emthethweni lwe-Ubuntu, kodwa abathuthukisi bokusabalalisa baxoxisana neCanonical ukuze bafake UbuntuDDE ekusatshalalisweni kobuntu okusemthethweni.

Source: opennet.ru