igatsha elisha elizinzile lekhithi yamathuluzi , enikeza uhlelo lokwakha amaphakheji aziqukethe angaxhumene nokusatshalaliswa okuthile. Linux futhi isetshenziswa esitsheni esikhethekile esihlukanisa uhlelo lokusebenza kusuka kulo lonke uhlelo. Usekelo lokusebenzisa amaphakheji e-Flatpak lunikezwa i-Arch. Linux, , Debian, iFedora, iGentoo, iMageia, Linux Mint kanye UbuntuAmaphakheji e-Flatpak afakiwe endaweni yokugcina i-Fedora futhi asekelwa kumphathi wesicelo se-GNOME ojwayelekile.
Ukhiye egatsheni le-Flatpak 1.6:
- В Indlela ye-CreateUpdateMonitor yengeziwe, okuvumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ukuthi zigade ukubuyekezwa futhi zicele ukufakwa kwesibuyekezo.
Ukuze ukhubaze imvume yokufaka izibuyekezo ngokwakho, ungasebenzisa umyalo othi "i-flatpak imvume-setha izibuyekezo ze-flatpak $APPID no" (uma ucacisa "buza" esikhundleni sokuthi "cha", ingxoxo izoboniswa isikhathi ngasinye ukuze kuqinisekiswe isibuyekezo); - Ukuze kube lula ukudalwa kwezibambi, kuhlongozwa umtapo wolwazi
i-libportal, evumela ukucutshungulwa komcimbi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ngokuqondile i-Portal API kanye namasiginali wokuhlaziya eza nge-D-Bus.
I-Libportal inikeza izendlalelo ezilula, ezisebenza ngokulinganayo kwabaningi ""; - Kwengezwe imvume entsha "--socket=cups" ukuze unikeze ukufinyelela okuqondile kuseva yokuphrinta ye-CUPS;
- Iphrothokholi yokuqinisekisa kanye ne-API kushintshiwe. Isiqinisekisi se-OCI (Open Container Initiative) sengeziwe. Usekelo lokufakwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kweziqinisekisi ezivela endaweni yangaphandle ye-flatpak selusetshenzisiwe. Isibambi se-callback sengeziwe ku-FlatpakTransaction ukuze unike amandla ukuqinisekiswa kokungena ngemvume nephasiwedi, okufana nendlela yokuqinisekisa eyisisekelo ye-HTTP.
- Ukwesekwa okungeziwe kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivikelekile namasistimu adinga ukuqinisekiswa ekuqaleni;
- Isendlalelo se-bubblewrap insulation esisetshenzisiwe sibuyekeziwe ukuze sikhishwe ;
- Kwengezwe ukusekelwa kokuzithandela kwezilawuli zabazali kusetshenziswa umtapo wolwazi , okukuvumela ukuthi ukhawulele ukufinyelela ezinhlotsheni ezithile zokuqukethwe;
- Izandiso manje sezifakiwe ngaphambi kohlelo lokusebenza, okukuvumela ukuthi uthole uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenzayo ngokushesha ngemva kokuqedwa kokufakwa kwalo;
- Ukuxhashazwa kwamafayela esikhashana kuye kwasebenza kabusha, okuye kwathuthukisa ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zesikhala sediski samahhala esinganele;
- Ukwenza umyalo "»ayisadingi ukusebenzisa sudo;
- Amaphothali manje anamandla okwethula izindawo ezingazodwa ezibekwe ezidlekeni (sub-sandbox) zezinqubo zezingane;
- Kwengezwe imiyalo emisha "i-flatpak imvume-set" kanye "nemvume-susa" ukuze uphathe izilungiselelo zemvume;
- Kwengezwe inketho ethi "flatpak install --or-update" ukuze wenze isibuyekezo uma uhlelo lokusebenza seluvele lufakiwe;
- Kwengezwe umyalo "we-flatpak mask" ukukhiya inguqulo nokuvimbela ukufakwa kwezibuyekezo;
- Ezithombeni ze-OCI (Open Container Initiative), sengeze ukusekela kwamalebula abophayo, ukukhiqiza umlando wokushintsha isithombe, futhi okuhlanganisa izinhlobo ze-Docker mime ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ze-mime ze-OCI;
- Ukhiye wezilimi ezizenzakalelayo ungeziwe kuzilungiselelo ukuze kuchazwe uhlu lwezilimi ezizosetshenziswa, ngaphezu kohlu lwesistimu.
Ake sikukhumbuze ukuthi i-Flatpak yenza ukuthi abathuthukisi bohlelo lokusebenza bakwazi ukwenza lula ukusatshalaliswa kwezinhlelo zabo ezingafakwanga kumakhosombe okusabalalisa ajwayelekile. isitsha esisodwa sendawo yonke ngaphandle kokudala izakhiwo ezihlukene zokusabalalisa ngakunye. Kubasebenzisi abaqaphela ukuphepha, i-Flatpak ibavumela ukuthi basebenzise uhlelo lokusebenza olungabazekayo esitsheni, enikeza ukufinyelela kuphela emisebenzini yenethiwekhi namafayela omsebenzisi ahlobene nohlelo lokusebenza. Kubasebenzisi abanentshisekelo ekuthuthukisweni kwakamuva, i-Flatpak ibavumela ukuthi bafake ukuhlola kwakamuva nokukhishwa okuzinzile kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphandle kokwenza izinguquko ohlelweni. Isibonelo, amaphakheji e-Flatpak asevele asevele ye-LibreOffice, i-Firefox, i-GIMP, i-Inkscape, i-Kdenlive, i-Steam, i-0 AD, i-Visual Studio Code, i-VLC, i-Slack, i-Skype, i-Telegram Desktop, Android I-Studio, njll.
Ukuze kuncishiswe usayizi wephakheji, kuhlanganisa kuphela ukuncika okuqondene nohlelo lokusebenza, futhi isistimu eyisisekelo namalabhulali ezithombe (imitapo yolwazi ye-Gtk+, Qt, GNOME kanye ne-KDE, njll.) yakhelwe njengezimo ezijwayelekile ze-plug-in zesikhathi sokusebenza. Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwe-Flatpak ne-Snap yukuthi i-Snap isebenzisa izingxenye zemvelo yesistimu eyinhloko kanye nokuzihlukanisa ngokusekelwe kumakholi wesistimu yokuhlunga, kuyilapho i-Flatpak idala isitsha esihlukile ohlelweni futhi isebenza ngamasethi amakhulu wesikhathi sokusebenza, inganikezeli amaphakheji njengokuncika, kodwa okujwayelekile. izindawo zesistimu (isibonelo, yonke imitapo yolwazi edingekayo ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo ze-GNOME noma ze-KDE).
Ngaphezu kwemvelo yesistimu ejwayelekile (isikhathi sokusebenza), efakwe ngesipesheli , ukuncika okwengeziwe (inqwaba) okudingekayo ukuze isicelo sisebenze kuyanikezwa. Sekukonke, isikhathi sokusebenza kanye nenqwaba kwenza ukugcwaliswa kwesiqukathi, naphezu kokuthi isikhathi sokusebenza sifakwe ngokwehlukana futhi siboshelwe ezitsheni eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, okukuvumela ukuthi ugweme ukuphindaphinda amafayela wesistimu ajwayelekile ezitsheni. Isistimu eyodwa ingaba nezikhathi zokugijima eziningana ezifakiwe (i-GNOME, i-KDE) noma izinguqulo ezimbalwa zesikhathi sokusebenza esifanayo (GNOME 3.26, GNOME 3.28). Isiqukathi esinohlelo lokusebenza njengokuncika sisebenzisa ukubophezela kuphela esikhathini esithile sokusebenza, ngaphandle kokucabangela amaphakheji angawodwana akha isikhathi sokusebenza. Zonke izici ezingekho zipakishwa ngokuqondile nohlelo lokusebenza. Uma isiqukathi sakhiwe, okuqukethwe kwesikhathi sokusebenza kuyakhwezwa njengengxenye ye/usr, futhi inqwaba ikhwezwa kumkhombandlela wohlelo lokusebenza.
Ukugcwaliswa kweziqukathi zesikhathi sokusebenza nezisetshenziswa kwakhiwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe , lapho isithombe sibuyekezwa khona nge-athomu sisuka endaweni yokugcina efana ne-Git, okuvumela izindlela zokulawula inguqulo ukuthi zisetshenziswe ezingxenyeni zokusabalalisa (isibonelo, isistimu ingahlehliswa ngokushesha ibuyiselwe esimweni sangaphambilini). Amaphakheji e-RPM ahunyushwa endaweni ye-OStree kusetshenziswa isendlalelo esikhethekile. . Ukufakwa okuhlukene nokuvuselelwa kwamaphakheji ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza akusekelwe; isistimu ibuyekezwa hhayi ezingeni lezingxenye ngazinye, kodwa iyonke, ishintsha isimo sayo nge-athomu. Ihlinzeka ngamathuluzi okufaka izibuyekezo ngokuqhubekayo, isusa isidingo sokushintsha ngokuphelele isithombe ngesibuyekezo ngasinye.
Indawo ehlukanisiwe ewumphumela izimele ngokuphelele ekusabalaliseni okusetshenzisiwe, futhi ngezilungiselelo ezifanele zephakheji, ayinakho ukufinyelela kumafayela nezinqubo zomsebenzisi noma isistimu yokusingatha, futhi ayikwazi ukufinyelela ngokuqondile ihadiwe, ngaphandle kokuphumayo nge-DRI, noma isistimu engaphansi yenethiwekhi. Okukhiphayo kwezithombe nokuphathwa kokufakwayo usebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-Wayland noma ngokudlulisela isokhethi le-X11. Ukusebenzisana nemvelo yangaphandle kusekelwe ohlelweni lwemiyalezo ye-DBus kanye ne-Portals API ekhethekile. Okwe-insulation interlayer futhi yendabuko Linux ubuchwepheshe bokubuka izinto ngesitsha obusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwama-cgroup, izikhala zamagama, i-Seccomp kanye ne-SELinuxI-PulseAudio isetshenziselwa ukukhipha umsindo.
Source: opennet.ru
