Uhlelo lokuvikela i-arc olunamandla okucushwa isignali yamanje

Ngokomqondo wakudala, ukuvikelwa kwe-arc eRussia kuwukuvikela okushesha kwesekethe esifushane okusekelwe ekurekhodweni ukukhanya kwe-arc evulekile kagesi ku-switchgear; indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu yokurekhoda i-spectrum yokukhanya kusetshenziswa izinzwa ze-fiber-optic isetshenziswa kakhulu. emkhakheni wezimboni, kodwa ngokufika kwemikhiqizo emisha Emkhakheni wokuvikelwa kwe-arc emkhakheni wokuhlala, okuyi-modular AFDDs esebenza ngesignali yamanje, okuvumela ukufakwa kokuvikelwa kwe-arc emigqeni ephumayo, okuhlanganisa amabhokisi okusabalalisa, izintambo, ukuxhumana, amasokhethi, njll., intshisekelo kulesi sihloko iyakhula.



Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi abakhulumi kakhulu mayelana nokuklama okuningiliziwe kwemikhiqizo ye-modular (uma othile enolwazi olunjalo, ngizojabula kuphela ukunikeza izixhumanisi emithonjeni yolwazi olunjalo), enye indaba yizinhlelo zokuvikela i-arc zomkhakha wezimboni, ezinemininingwane eminingi. incwadi yomsebenzisi yamakhasi ayi-122, lapho umgomo wokusebenza uchazwa ngokuningiliziwe.

Cabanga ngokwesibonelo isistimu yokuvikela i-arc ye-VAMP 321 evela ku-Schneider Electric, ehlanganisa yonke imisebenzi yokuvikela i-arc efana nokutholwa kwe-arc okudlulele kanye nokutholwa kwe-arc.

Ukusebenza

• Ukulawula kwamanje ngezigaba ezintathu.
• Ukulandelana kukaziro okwamanje.
• Amalogi omcimbi, ukurekhoda izimo eziphuthumayo.
• Icupha kanyekanye ngamanje nokukhanya, noma ngokukhanya kuphela, noma ngokwamanje kuphela.
• Isikhathi sokuphendula sokukhiphayo ngokudlulisela komshini singaphansi kuka-7 ms, ngekhadi le-IGBT lokuzikhethela isikhathi sokuphendula sincishiswa sibe ngu-1 ms.
• Izingxenye zokucupha ezingenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo.
• Isistimu yokuzihlola eqhubekayo.
• Idivayisi ingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene zokuvikela i-arc zamanethiwekhi okusabalalisa amandla kagesi aphansi naphakathi.
• Uhlelo lwe-Arc Flash Detection kanye ne-Arc Protection lukala iphutha lamanje nesignali ngokusebenzisa amashaneli enzwa ye-arc futhi, uma kwenzeka iphutha, inciphisa isikhathi sokushiswa ngokuvala ngokushesha ukuphakela kwamanje kwe-arc.

Isimiso sokuhlobana kwe-matrix

Uma usetha izimo zokuvula zesigaba esithile sokuvikela i-arc, ukujula okunengqondo kusetshenziswa kokuphumayo kokukhanya kanye namatrices amanje.

Uma isigaba sokuvikela sikhethwe ku-matrix eyodwa kuphela, sisebenza esimweni samanje noma esimweni sokukhanya, ngakho isistimu ingalungiselelwa ukuthi isebenze kusiginali yamanje kuphela.

Amasignali ayatholakala ukuze aqashwe lapho izigaba zokuvikela uhlelo:

• Currents ngezigaba.
• Ukulandelana kukaziro okwamanje.
• Ama-voltage emigqa.
• Ama-voltage esigaba.
• I-voltage yokulandelana eyiziro.
• Imvamisa.
• Isamba semisinga yesigaba.
• Ukulandelana okuhle okwamanje.
• Ukulandelana okungalungile okwamanje.
• Inani elihlobene lamanje lokulandelana okuyinegethivu.
• Isilinganiso semisinga yokulandelana kwenegethivu kanye neziro.
• I-voltage yokulandelana okuhle.
• I-voltage yokulandelana engemihle.
• Inani elihlobene levoltheji yokulandelana eyinegethivu.
• Isilinganiso senani lamanje ngezigaba (IL1+IL2+IL3)/3.
• Isilinganiso senani lamandla kagesi UL1, UL2, UL3.
• Isilinganiso senani lamandla kagesi u-U12, U23, U32.
• I-Nonlinear distortion coefficient IL1.
• I-Nonlinear distortion coefficient IL2.
• I-Nonlinear distortion coefficient IL3.
• I-nonlinear ukuhlanekezela i-coefficient Ua.
• Inani le-RMS le-IL1.
• Inani le-RMS le-IL2.
• Inani le-RMS le-IL3.
• Inani elincane IL1,IL2,IL3.
• Inani eliphezulu IL1,IL2,IL3.
• Inani elincane U12,U23,U32.
• Inani eliphezulu U12,U23,U32.
• Inani elincane UL1,UL2,UL3.
• Inani eliphezulu UL1,UL2,UL3.
• Inani elingemuva elithi Uo.
• Inani le-RMS Iо.

Irekhoda amamodi ezimo eziphuthumayo

Ukurekhoda izimo eziphuthumayo kungasetshenziswa ukulondoloza wonke amasignali okulinganisa (ama-currents, ama-voltage, ulwazi mayelana nezimo zokufakwayo kwedijithali kanye nokuphumayo). Okokufaka kwedijithali nakho kufaka phakathi amasiginali okuvikela i-arc.

Qala ukurekhoda

Ukurekhoda kungaqalwa ngokucupha noma ukucupha noma yisiphi isigaba sokuvikela nanoma yikuphi okokufaka kwedijithali. Isignali ye-trigger ikhethwa ku-matrix yesignali ephumayo (isignali eqondile ye-DR). Ukurekhoda kungaqalwa futhi mathupha.

ukuzithiba

Imemori yedivayisi engaguquguquki isetshenziswa kusetshenziswa i-capacitor ephezulu kanye ne-RAM enamandla aphansi.

Lapho isisetshenziswa samandla esisizayo sivuliwe, i-capacitor ne-RAM zinikwa amandla ngaphakathi. Lapho ukunikezwa kwamandla kuvaliwe, i-RAM iqala ukuthola amandla ku-capacitor. Izogcina ulwazi inqobo nje uma i-capacitor ikwazi ukugcina i-voltage evumelekile. Ekamelweni elinokushisa kwe-+25C, isikhathi sokusebenza sizoba yizinsuku ezingu-7 (umswakama ophezulu unciphisa le parameter).

I-RAM engaguquki isetshenziselwa ukugcina amarekhodi ezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nerekhodi lomcimbi.

Imisebenzi ye-microcontroller kanye nobuqotho bezintambo ezihambisana naso, kanye nokusebenza kwesofthiwe, kubhekwa inethiwekhi ehlukile yokuzihlola. Ngaphezu kokuqapha, le nethiwekhi izama ukuqalisa kabusha isilawuli esincane uma kwenzeka kungasebenzi kahle. Uma ukuqalisa phansi kungasebenzi, idivayisi ezigadayo ikhombisa ukuqala ukukhombisa iphutha langaphakathi elingunaphakade.

Uma idivayisi yokuzigada ithola iphutha elingunaphakade, izokhubaza okunye okuthunyelwayo okukhiphayo (ngaphandle komsebenzi wokuzigada odluliselwe okukhiphayo kanye nama-relay okukhiphayo asetshenziswa ukuvikelwa kwe-arc).

Ukunikezwa kwamandla kwangaphakathi nakho kuyagadwa. Uma ungekho amandla engeziwe, isignali ye-alamu ithunyelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-relay ekhipha iphutha yangaphakathi inikwa amandla uma isisetshenziswa samandla samandla sivuliwe futhi alikho iphutha langaphakathi elitholwayo.

Iyunithi emaphakathi, okokufaka/okuphumayo kanye nezinzwa kuyagadwa.

Izilinganiso ezisetshenziswa umsebenzi wokuvikela i-arc

Izilinganiso zamanje ngezigaba ezintathu kanye nephutha lomhlaba lokuvikela i-arc kwenziwa nge-elekthronikhi. Izinto zikagesi ziqhathanisa amaleveli amanje nezilungiselelo zohambo futhi zinikeze amasiginali kanambambili “I>>” noma “Io>>” ngomsebenzi wokuvikela i-arc uma umkhawulo weqiwe. Zonke izingxenye zamanje ziyacatshangelwa.

Izimpawu “I>>” kanye “Io>>” zixhunywe ku-chip ye-FPGA, eyenza umsebenzi wokuvikela i-arc. Ukunemba kwesilinganiso sokuvikela i-arc ngu-±15% ku-50Hz.

I-Harmonics kanye ne-non-sinusoidality isiyonke (THD)

Idivayisi ibala i-THD njengephesenti lamaza nama-voltage kufrikhwensi eyisisekelo.

Ama-Harmonics ukusuka ku-2nd kuya ku-15th emisinga yesigaba kanye nama-voltages ayacatshangelwa. (I-harmonic ye-17 izofakwa ngokwengxenye kunani le-harmonic le-15. Lokhu kungenxa yezimiso zokulinganisa zedijithali.)

Izindlela zokulinganisa amandla kagesi

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesicelo kanye nama-transformer amanje atholakalayo, idivayisi ingaxhunywa ku-voltage esele, i-line-to-phase noma i-voltage yesigaba-kuya-isigaba. Ipharamitha eguquguqukayo "Imodi Yokulinganisa I-Voltage" kufanele isethwe ngokuya ngoxhumano olusetshenziswayo.

Izindlela ezitholakalayo:

"U0"

Idivayisi ixhunywe ku-voltage elandelanayo eyiziro. Ukuvikelwa kwamaphutha aphansi okuqondisa kuyatholakala. Ukukalwa kwamandla kalayini, ukukalwa kwamandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwe-overvoltage kanye ne-undervoltage akutholakali.

"1LL"

Idivayisi ixhunywe ku-voltage yolayini. Isilinganiso se-voltage yesigaba esisodwa kanye nokuvikelwa kwe-undervoltage kanye no-overvoltage kuyatholakala. Isivikelo samaphutha somhlaba esiqondile asitholakali.

"1LN"

Idivayisi ixhunywe ku-voltage yesigaba esisodwa. Izilinganiso zamandla kagesi wesigaba esisodwa ziyatholakala. Kumanethiwekhi anesisekelo esiqinile nokungathathi hlangothi okunxeshezelwe, ukuvikelwa kwe-undervoltage kanye no-overvoltage kuyatholakala. Isivikelo samaphutha somhlaba esiqondile asitholakali.

Izingxenye ze-Symmetrical

Kuhlelo lwezigaba ezintathu, ama-voltage nama-currents angaxazululwa abe yizingxenye ezilinganayo, ngokusho kwe-Fortescue.

Izingxenye ze-symmetrical ziyi:

• Ukulandelana okuqondile.
• Ukuhlehla ngokulandelana.
• Ukulandelana kweziro.

Izinto ezilawulwayo

Le divayisi ikuvumela ukuthi ulawule izinto ezifika kweziyisithupha, njengeswishi, isinqamuli noma ummese ophansi. Ukulawula kungenziwa ngokuvumelana nesimiso "sokukhetha-isenzo" noma "ukulawula okuqondile".

Imisebenzi enengqondo

Lolu cingo lusekela uhlelo lokusebenza olunengqondo mayelana nezinkulumo zesignali ezinengqondo.

Imisebenzi etholakalayo yilena:

• I.
• NOMA.
• Okukhethekile NOMA.
• CHA.
• COUNTERs.
• I-RS&D flip-flops.

Source: www.habr.com