Ukuvela kwezimiso zokugqugquzela kanye nezisusa ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zolwazi neminye imikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kuyathuthuka. Ngaphezu kwalezi zakudala, i.e. amafomu onxiwankulu kuphela, amafomu ahlukile kade ekhona futhi aya ngokuya aduma. Ingxenye yekhulu leminyaka eyedlule, i-IBM enkulu, njengengxenye yohlelo lwayo “Yabelana”, yacela ukushintshaniswa kwamahhala kwezinhlelo zokufaka izicelo zama-mainframes ayo athuthukiswe ngabahleli bezinhlelo zezinkampani zangaphandle (hhayi ngenxa yezizathu zokupha, kodwa lokhu akuwushintshi umnyombo wohlelo. uhlelo).
Namuhla: amabhizinisi omphakathi, ukuqoqana kwabantu, “Sibhala ikhodi ndawonye” (“Social Coding”, GitHub nezinye izinkundla zokuxhumana zonjiniyela), izinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisense amaphrojekthi we-Open Source, ukushintshana kwemibono kanye nokushintshisana kwamahhala kolwazi, ubuchwepheshe, izinhlelo.
Ifomethi entsha yokusebenzisana "Umsebenzi womphakathi kanye nomklamo ovulekile" kanye nomqondo wensiza yayo yolwazi (iwebhusayithi) ihlongozwayo. Sihlangana nokuqaliswa okusha (uma kusha ngempela). Ifomula yendlela ehlongozwayo: ukuxhumana, ukusebenzisana, ukuqamba okusha, ukudala ngokubambisana, ukugcwala kwabantu, ukuqoqa imali, inhlangano yesayensi yezabasebenzi (SLO), ukumisa nokuhlanganisa, ukufanekisa izixazululo, umsebenzi kanye nokugqugquzela okungezona ezezimali, ukushintshana kwamahhala kwe ulwazi nezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu ze-copyleft, Umthombo Ovulekile, i-freeware kanye “konke-konke-konke”.
1 Imvelo kanye nobubanzi besicelo
Ake sicabangele amafomethi: isisa, ibhizinisi lakudala, ibhizinisi elinesibopho emphakathini (usomabhizinisi wakudala nenhlangano esiza abantulayo), usomabhizinisi osebenzela umphakathi (usomabhizinisi ogxile emphakathini).
Ngebhizinisi kanye nesisa, kucace kakhulu.
Ibhizinisi elinomthwalo wemfanelo emphakathini lisekelwe esimweni esibi futhi esingelona iqiniso ngaso sonke isikhathi (kukhona okuhlukile), kodwa isibonelo esicacile kakhulu: lapho i-oligarch, ibambe inkunzi yedolobha lakubo (izwe), yenza isikwele sedolobha elincane, okokuqala, yiqiniso, wazithengela izinqaba ezimbalwa nezikebhe zikanokusho, iqembu lezemidlalo nokunye.
Noma udale isisekelo sokupha (mhlawumbe ngenhloso yokukhulisa izintela zebhizinisi lakhe).
Ibhizinisi lezenhlalakahle, njengomthetho, "ibhizinisi elixhaswe" elihloswe ukuxazulula izinkinga zabahlali abasengozini emphakathini: izintandane, imindeni emikhulu, abahola impesheni, nabakhubazekile.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi "usomabhizinisi ogxile emphakathini" ngokuyinhloko mayelana nezinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi, futhi okwesibili mayelana nokukhiqiza imali engenayo, izimali ezinkulu zebhizinisi lezenhlalakahle zaseRussia nazo zadalwa ngezimali (imali yemali) evela kuma-oligarchs. Ibhizinisi lezenhlalakahle livame ukuhlukaniswa nenhlangano esiza abantulayo ngokuzixhasa ngezimali, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile, liphinde libe ibhizinisi (usomabhizinisi = usomabhizinisi).
Abanye kuHabré bathi
Ungabona futhi izibonelo zamaphrojekthi lapho.
I-Social Work and Open Design - noma STOP - inefilosofi ehluke kancane. Le fomethi ingeyalabo abangakulungele ukusiza abanye kuphela, kodwa futhi abafuna ukuhlela imisebenzi yabo kanye nemisebenzi yalabo ababazungezile (umphakathi wonke) ngendlela ephumelelayo ngangokunokwenzeka.
Le phrojekthi ihloselwe ukuthola ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwezemfundo nokukhiqiza ngokusebenzisana (ukuqoqwa), ukuklama okuvulekile (ukuphathwa kwephrojekthi yomphakathi), ukumisa nokuhlanganisa izixazululo zokuklama, ukuthuthukiswa kwemiqondo nokwakhiwa kwamapulatifomu ayisisekelo asekelwe kuwo, ukuphindaphinda kwamaphrojekthi ajwayelekile. kanye nokuboleka izixazululo ezingcono (imikhuba) esikhundleni sokuhlala "ukuvuselela isondo", i.e. ukusebenzisa kabusha umsebenzi wabanye.
Esigabeni sokuqala sale nhlangano, kufanele yenze intuthuko emphakathini: izenzo eziwusizo ngempela emphakathini ngokuvamile ziphakamisa izimiso zomphakathi. Ukunyakaza kusekelwe kulezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
i-x-working (co-working, njll.), x - sourcing (crowdsourcing, njll.), ukuheha bobabili ochwepheshe - ama-altruists (abathuthukisi abangochwepheshe) kanye nochwepheshe abaqalayo (abafundi) kumaphrojekthi, i.e. "Ubuningi nekhono yisiqubulo ...". Ingxenye ebalulekile yinhlangano yesayensi yomsebenzi.
Umqondo othi "Umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle kanye nomklamo ovulekile" ungasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokuphila komphakathi, kodwa lapha sizozikhawulela emkhakheni we-IT. Ngakho-ke, igatsha elithi STOP ngokuphathelene ne-IT (okuzenzakalelayo) liphinde libizwe ngokuthi STOPIT: iphrojekthi ye-MISA ngezihloko ze-IT. Nakuba lokhu kuhlukaniswa okunemibandela, njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, ubuchwepheshe bokuphatha bokuphatha amaphrojekthi nezinqubo bubhekwa njenge- "IT", kodwa abusetshenziswanga kuphela kumaphrojekthi we-automation.
Kukhona amafomu afanayo, isibonelo, iphrojekthi yokufundisa yomphakathi ehloselwe ukuthuthukisa ukubambisana phakathi komkhakha ongenzi nzuzo nochwepheshe be-IT.
Nokho, STOPIT - igxile kunoma yiziphi "izidingo neminikelo" egxile ku-IT. I-STOPIT akuyona nje iphrojekthi yezemfundo, ayikona nje kuphela "ukubambisana phakathi komkhakha ongenzi inzuzo kanye nochwepheshe be-IT" kanye nabanye "hhayi kuphela".
Umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle kanye nomklamo ovulekile yi-IT greenhouse yohlobo olusha lwebhizinisi lezenhlalakahle, lapho igama elithi "entrepreneurship" lishintshwa kangcono ngokuthi "imisebenzi."
2 Umqondo "womsebenzi womphakathi kanye nomklamo ovulekile" kanye nokugqugquzela
Izindima
Umqondo we-STOPIT IT greenhouse uhlanganisa izindima ezintathu: Ikhasimende, uMlamuli, uMenzi. Ikhasimende lidala “isidingo”, noma ngokuqondile, libuza futhi lenze ngokusemthethweni “lokho okumele kwenziwe.” Ikhasimende inoma iyiphi inkampani noma umuntu ofuna ukuxazulula inkinga ethile elibhekene nayo. Kulokhu, shintsha okuthile.
Umenzi wenza "isiphakamiso", i.e. yazisa “lokho asekulungele ukukwenza.” Usonkontileka inkampani, iqembu lonjiniyela, noma umane unjiniyela olungele, esimweni esijwayelekile, “ngokuzithandela” (mahhala) ukuxazulula inkinga Yekhasimende.
Umlamuli uyisihloko esixhumanisa "isidingo" kanye "nokunikezela" futhi silawula isixazululo senkinga, ukwaneliseka kwakho kokubili kweKhasimende kanye Nonkontileka. Ukwaneliseka koSonkontileka ngokwakhe nakho kubalulekile, ngoba Ngokuvamile, sikhuluma ngomsebenzi "ngokuzithandela." Esikhundleni sesimiso: "Imali itholwa ngomsebenzi, kodwa utshani ngeke bukhule lapho," kulokhu isici siqala ukusebenza lapho uKontrakta enesithakazelo sokwethula umkhiqizo wakhe ngokugqugquzela okungezona ezezimali. Futhi lokhu ngezinye izikhathi “kubiza kakhulu kunemali.”
Ngendlela, ubuchwepheshe be-STOPIT bunqoba kalula enye inkinga yesakhiwo se-IT yesimanje: uma iKhasimende lanelisekile, khona-ke iphrojekthi yokuqaliswa ibhekwa njengeyimpumelelo naphezu kwemingcele yenhloso yokuhambisana nesisombululo sokuklama nomsebenzi owabelwe. Esimweni sethu, ukulawulwa komphakathi kuzoveza isimo esinjalo, futhi ukuhlolwa komphakathi kwempumelelo yephrojekthi yokuqaliswa ngeke kusekelwe esimisweni esidumile "awudingi ukucabanga ngekhwalithi yephrojekthi uma wena neKhasimende nilala. kanye nesaladi efanayo,” kodwa ekuthunjweni.
2.1 Ukugqugquzela ikhasimende
Uhlala ufuna ukuthola uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo mahhala noma "cishe mahhala", okungekho imali noma "akucaci ukuthi yikuphi okumele ukhethe", ngoba ... “wonke umthengisi uyawuncoma umkhiqizo wakhe” (ngisho noma umkhiqizo ungelutho). Kwabaningi, ithegi yentengo yamaphrojekthi we-IT seyinqabile. Ngingazitholaphi izisombululo ezijwayelekile ezilula zekilasi le-Open Source freeware kanye nensiza eshibhile yokusetshenziswa kwazo kanye nokunakekelwa okulandelayo?
Ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka imisebenzi yesikhathi esisodwa noma umsebenzi ukuhlola "ingabe lokhu kuyadingeka", "kusebenza kanjani ngokomgomo". Isibonelo, inkampani ayinalo ihhovisi lephrojekthi, kodwa ngifuna ukuqonda ukuthi iphrojekthi izohamba kanjani ukube ubukhona. "Umphathi wephrojekthi wangaphandle" (umphathi wephrojekthi), isibonelo, umfundi noma i-freelancer, uqashwa ngokuzithandela.
Ngaphakathi kohlaka lomqondo we-STOPIT, iKhasimende lithola isisombululo esenziwe ngomumo senkinga yalo ngekhodi yomthombo, ilayisense yamahhala, ithuba lokuphindaphinda, ukuthuthukiswa komqondo wesakhiwo sesixazululo, kanye nekhodi ebhaliwe. Njengengxenye yengxoxo yokuqaliswa, wakwazi ukubona ezinye izixazululo futhi azikhethele ngokuzimela (vumelana nokukhetha).
Sethemba ukuthi indlela ehlongozwayo izovusa lesi simo esilandelayo: uma izinhlangano eziningana zidinga ukuxazulula inkinga efanayo (zombili zidinga umkhiqizo ofanayo), ngakho-ke kuhle ukwenza imizamo ehlangene yokuthuthukisa isisombululo esijwayelekile (noma isiteji) nokuxazulula inkinga. inkinga ngesisekelo sayo, i.e. Bahlangana ndawonye, benza isixazululo esiyisisekelo ndawonye, bese ngamunye ezenzela ngokwezifiso indlela evamile (eyivumelanise).
Ukwehluka kwe-crowdfunding kungenzeka, noma nje ukwahluka kokusebenza ndawonye emsebenzini owodwa ngokwezimiso: “ikhanda elilodwa lilungile, kodwa amabili angcono” noma ngokusebenzisana okuphoqelelwe njengokuthi: Ngizokusiza ngephrojekthi yakho, futhi uzokwenza ngisize ngeyami, ngoba Unekhono kweyami, futhi nginekhono kuphrojekthi yakho.
Ikhasimende linikezwe isethi yezimfuneko, kodwa asizicabangi okwamanje (ikakhulukazi imfuneko yokudalula umlando wokusetshenziswa, ukugcina ngokuvulekile isilandeleli sesiphazamisi, njll.).
2.2 Ukugqugquzela Umenzi
Ikilasi eliyisisekelo Labadlali, okungenani ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa kokuqondisa kwe-STOPIT, kufanele kube amaqembu ephrojekthi yabafundi. Kubalulekile ukuthi umfundi: asebenze enkingeni yangempela engokoqobo, athole ulwazi olusebenzayo, abone ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe awuzange ungene kudoti, kodwa empeleni usetshenziswa (uxhashazwa futhi uletha izinzuzo kubantu).
Mhlawumbe kubalulekile ukuthi umfundi agcwalise incwadi yokurekhoda umsebenzi (isipiliyoni somsebenzi orekhodiwe), afake amaphrojekthi wangempela kuphothifoliyo yakhe ("umlando ophumelelayo" kusukela ngonyaka wokuqala wenyuvesi), njll.
Mhlawumbe isisebenzi esizimele sifuna ukufaka ukuqaliswa kwale phrojekthi ethile (le nkampani) kuphothifoliyo yakhe futhi isilungele ukusebenza mahhala.
Uma kunesidingo, uMlamuli angahlela ukugadwa kokusebenza noma anikeze umeluleki onesipiliyoni ukuze aqinisekise ikhwalithi ephezulu yokuxazulula izinkinga ngabaklami abasaqalayo. Kulokhu, isisusa somfundi noma isisebenzi esizimele singase sisekelwe kuphela ekusebenzeni kuphrojekthi ngokubamba iqhaza “kweguru elidumile” elinikezwe le phrojekthi.
Ngakho-ke, Abenzi ababona abaxhasi kanye nama-philanthropists, nakuba abathuthukisi abangochwepheshe kungenzeka bawele ngaphansi kwale ncazelo. Kutuswa ukusebenzisa lokhu kokugcina ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-STOPIT njengethimba labeluleki (abaxhumanisi) noma abaklami abakhulu noma ukubaheha ukuthi benze “amaphrojekthi ayisibonelo” aphakamisa isithombe sesiza esithile sephrojekthi ye-STOPIT.
Amanyuvesi abamba iqhaza ku-STOPIT azokwazi ukuqonda kangcono izinselele zempilo zangempela abafundi bazo okuzodingeka bazixazulule. Abefa ngokwabo bayokwazi ukuqashwa kamuva ukuze basekele intuthuko yabo (izinhlelo). I-Foundation ingahlela imincintiswano futhi ikhuthaze Abadlali abakhuthele kakhulu (Amanyuvesi), okuhlanganisa nesikhwama esikhethekile seminikelo evela kumakhasimende ngokwawo, azonikela “enjabulweni” yethuluzi (uhlelo) lwamahhala, kodwa olusebenza kakhulu kubo.
Ngokuvamile, kumfundi, "injabulo No. 1" yilapho esevele exazulula izinkinga ezisebenzayo esikhungweni, i.e. hhayi okungelona iqiniso, kodwa okwangempela (ngisho noma engakuqedi noma eqeda ucezu lomsebenzi omkhulu kuphela). "Injabulo No. 2" - lapho iphrojekthi yakhe yayiwusizo ngempela ekuphileni (yasetshenziswa), i.e. umsebenzi wakhe “awuzange uphonswe emgqonyeni kadoti” ngokushesha ngemva kokuvikela umsebenzi. Kuthiwani uma, ngaphezu kwalokhu, kukhona ugqozi oluncane lwezezimali?
Futhi hhayi ngendlela yemali: isikhwama sokukhuthaza singase sibe nezikhala ze-internship, izifundo (ukuqeqeshwa okuthuthukisiwe), kanye nezinye izinsiza zemfundo ezikhokhelwa kusengaphambili noma okungezona ezezemfundo.
Isikhundla esimsulwa se-“altruist-philanthropist” kufanele naso sizithole siku-STOPIT. I-egoist ingeyakhe, i-altruist ingeyabantu. I-misanthrope iyi-misanthrope, i-philanthropist isithandi sobuntu. Umuntu ongathandi ukuzenzela izinto kanye nesenzo sokusiza umphakathi ukuze kuzuze umphakathi, ebeka izithakazelo zabanye ngaphezu kwezabo. Bobabili bayasithanda isintu futhi bayasisiza. Lesi isisetshenziswa esinamandla esingakayitholi indlela yamaphrojekthi amakhulu e-IT.
2.3 Amaqembu ephrojekthi yabafundi ayithemba lenguquko yasekhaya yezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe
Ngithanda ukugcizelela ukuthi akuwona kuphela amaqembu ephrojekthi yabafundi abhekwa njengabafayo kumaphrojekthi we-STOPIT, kodwa ithemba elikhethekile libekwe kuwo ngenguquko yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe (STR). Ukuhlukaniswa kwamanje kwenqubo yemfundo ekukhiqizeni, ukuntula ukuqonda kwabasebenzi bokufundisa kwemisebenzi ethile esebenzayo yokukhiqiza kuyinkinga yemfundo yasekhaya yesimanje. E-USSR, ukuze "ukucwiliswa okujulile" kwabafundi ekukhiqizeni, baqhamuke neminyango eyisisekelo yezikhungo zemfundo emabhizinisini nasezikhungweni zocwaningo.
Namuhla, ezinye zisekhona, kodwa "Umphumela Omkhulu" olindelwe awukenzeki.
Ngokuthi "Umphumela Omkhulu" ngiqonde into "evulekile futhi enkulu, i.e. ezuzisa umphakathi ngezinga leplanethi.” Ngokufanayo nezikhungo zaseNtshonalanga, isibonelo, iseva yokubonisa ye-"X windows system", eyakhiwe ngo-1984 e-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, kanye nayo yonke indawo yokulayisensa kwe-MIT.
Abafundi bethu abakwazi ukwenza amaqhinga anjalo:
Mhlawumbe wona kanye umqondo wemfundo ephakeme udinga ukushintshwa, isibonelo, kwenziwe kabusha ngendlela yaseNtshonalanga: izikhungo zemfundo kufanele zihlanganiswe nezikhungo zocwaningo. Lokhu kungaholela esihlazweni sokuthi zonke izimpumelelo ze-MIT nokunye okufanayo kufanele kufakwe ezikhungweni zokuqamba ezintsha ezikhungweni, kodwa kunoma yikuphi, izikhungo zethu zocwaningo azikwazi ukuziqhayisa nganoma yini efana naleyo.
Kulo mqondo, i-STOPIT ingabhekwa “njengesiqephu sesikhashana” kuze kube yilapho isimo “sivuka” futhi sikhumbula isidingo sokuvuselela imfundo ephakeme.
I-STOPIT ingasebenza njengesisekelo se-NTR. Kunoma yikuphi, izinguquko - kokubili kwezemfundo nasezindleleni zokuklama nokuqaliswa kwezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo: ukuklama okuvulekile, ukuboleka, ukuhlanganisa-ukuhlanganiswa, ukwakhiwa kwamazinga avulekile ezinhlelo zokwakha, izakhiwo zesistimu, izinhlaka, njll.
Kunoma ikuphi, ucwaningo lwaselabhorethri namakhono angokoqobo, futhi ngisho nangokwengeziwe ukuqaliswa okuyimpumelelo (futhi “akunjalo”), kusukela ezifundweni zokuqala, kuyisihluthulelo semfundo esezingeni eliphezulu.
Okwamanje, kufanele sifunde ngokudabuka lokhu:
Ngingumfundi wasenyuvesi we-2nd, ngifunda ku-Applied Mathematics ne-Computer Science, futhi ngempumelelo, ngithola umfundaze owandayo. Kodwa, ngolunye usuku oluhle, ngabona ukuthi engangikufundiswa kwaqala ukungithwalisa kanzima futhi kwaba buthuntu ngokwengeziwe futhi kuyisicefe. Ngemva kwesikhashana, kwavela umbono: kungani ungasebenzisi amanye amaphrojekthi akho, uthole udumo nemali (okugcina kuyangabaza, kunjalo). Kodwa. Angazi ukuthi yimina ngedwa onale nkinga, okungenani angitholanga lutho ku-inthanethi, kodwa angikwazi ukunquma ukuthi yini ngempela engizoyenza. Umnyango usishayele ihlombe wathi ucwaningo...
Yiqiniso, angiceli imibono esenziwe ngomumo, ngicela impendulo yombuzo othi: ngingafika kanjani kulokhu ngokwami?
Ukusikisela kothisha: Kungani abafundi be-IT kufanele bathweswe umthwalo wemisebenzi engelona iqiniso (eqanjiwe)? Mhlawumbe udinga ukubuza abangani bakho ukuthi yimaphi amaphrojekthi we-IT aqhubekayo enkampanini yabo, yini okufanele yenziwe, iyiphi inkinga okufanele ixazululwe. Okulandelayo, hlukanisa inkinga ibe izingxenye futhi uyinikeze lonke iqembu ngendlela ye-diploma coursework "ngokusika" kwezinkinga ngokusho kokubola. Isixazululo esiwumphumela singaboniswa kubangani: mhlawumbe bazokwenqaba i-SAPSAS, njll. bese ukhetha umsebenzi womfundi ku-Open Source copyleft injini?
Isibonelo, ukuqaliswa kwe-“SAPSAS, njll.” kwezinye izimo kungase kube ngokuvumelana nesimiso "kusuka isibhamu kuya ondlunkulu", i.e. Isixazululo esilula singaba esifanelekile ekuxazululeni inkinga, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho kokwethula izilo ezinjalo cishe kuhlale kubi: ngakho-ke, ukucwaninga okungenzeka kokuqaliswa okunjalo ngokuvamile akwenziwa nhlobo, kuncane kakhulu ukushicilelwa.
Ngisho noma abangani bakho bethi "cha," vele ushicilele isixazululo sakho kanye nokuqhathanisa nomkhiqizo oqhudelanayo - mhlawumbe kuzoba nomuntu ozokhetha isisombululo sakho, uma, kunjalo, sinokuncintisana. Konke lokhu kungenziwa ngaphandle kwenkundla ye-STOPIT.
2.4 Izici zempumelelo ezikhethiwe
I-vector yokunyakaza eyinhloko kufanele isekelwe kulokhu okulandelayo:
A) Vula. Izinhlelo kufanele zibe umthombo ovulekile futhi zibhalwe kahle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphezu kokubhalwa kwekhodi, kufanele futhi iqukathe imibhalo ye-logic (i-algorithm), okungcono kakhulu kweyodwa yemibhalo yezithombe (BPMN, EPC, UML, njll.). “Vula” - ikhodi yomthombo iyatholakala futhi akunandaba ukuthi iphrojekthi idalwe kusiphi isimo nokuthi yiluphi ulimi olusetshenziswayo: Visual Basic noma Java.
B) Mahhala. Abantu abaningi bafuna ukwenza okuthile okuwusizo emphakathini nokubalulekile, okuvulekile futhi okuphindaphindekayo (okuningi okuwusizo): ukuze kube usizo kwabaningi futhi, okungenani, bathi ngiyabonga kakhulu ngakho.
Nakuba abanye abantu befuna “okuningi kakhulu” kunokuthi “Ngiyabonga”, isibonelo, ngokucacisa ilayisense ethi “THE BURGER-WARE LICENSE” ngokuqondile kukhodi yabo yohlelo (ithegi “i-sarcasm”):
###################
Faka ngaphansiIsithombe(...
' "ILAYISENSI YE-BURGER-WARE" (Isibuyekezo 42):
' <[email protected]> ubhale le khodi. Inqobo nje uma usigcina lesi saziso wena
' ungenza noma yini oyifunayo ngale nto. Uma sihlangana ngolunye usuku, futhi ucabanga
' le nto ikufanele, ungangithengela ibhega ngokubuyisela. 😉 xxx
###################
Ilayisensi "THE BURGER-WARE LICENSE" ingaba ikhadi lokushaya lephrojekthi ye-STOPIT. (amahlaya) amakhulu: Ibhiware, iPizzaware...
C) Khetha imisebenzi emikhulu kuqala. Okubalulekile kufanele kube imisebenzi engenakho okuqondile, kodwa uhlelo lokusebenza olujwayelekile: "imisebenzi yesidingo esikhulu", exazululwe ngeplatifomu evulekile yendawo yonke (mhlawumbe ngokwenza ngokwezifiso okulandelayo uma kunesidingo).
D) Thatha "umbono obanzi" futhi udale hhayi izinhlelo kuphela, kodwa futhi namazinga: ukulinganisa nokuthuthukiswa kwesisombululo esijwayelekile semboni. Okubalulekile kufanele kunikezwe izixazululo (izinhlelo, izindlela) ukuthi, ngaphezu kwesibonelo sokuqalisa, eziqukethe izici zokumisa. Isibonelo, Usonkontileka unikeza isixazululo esijwayelekile futhi abonise ukuthi sijwayelana kanjani nomsebenzi othile. Ngenxa yalokho, okugcizelelwayo kusekujikelezweni kwenqwaba (ukuphindaphinda okuningi okusekelwe kusixazululo esijwayelekile - njengenye indlela "yokuqamba kabusha isondo"). Ukulinganisa, ukuhlanganisa kanye nokushintshisana kokuhlangenwe nakho okuphambene nalokhu: "isixazululo esivaliwe nesiyingqayizivele" ("gcina ikhasimende lixhumekile"), okuphoqelela umhlinzeki wezixazululo zesofthiwe eyodwa (umthengisi).
2.5 Iqhaza Lomlamuleli
Indima yoMlamuli - umgqugquzeli (umqhubi) wesayithi elihlukile le-STOPPIT limi kanje (kumabhulokhi).
Ihhovisi lephrojekthi: ukwakhiwa kwephothifoliyo yama-oda namaqembu abadlali (iqoqo lezinsiza). Ukuqoqa ama-oda, ukwakha insiza Yosonkontileka. Izifunda zephrojekthi yokuqapha (Ukuqala, Ukuthuthukiswa, njll.).
Umhlaziyi webhizinisi. Ukuhlaziywa kwebhizinisi okuyisisekelo. Ukucaciswa okuyisisekelo kwemisebenzi, umzamo wokwenza umsebenzi ojwayelekile ongathakasela uhla olubanzi lwamakhasimende.
Isiqinisekiso. Isiqinisekiso sokugcwaliseka kwemibandela yenkontileka. Isibonelo, Usonkontileka angasetha umbandela wokuthola isenzo ekusetshenzisweni kwesistimu (uma ukuqaliswa kuphumelela) noma ukuthumela kuwebhusayithi yenkampani lapho isisombululo sayo sisetshenziswe khona i-athikili (izindaba ezinenkomba yoSonkontileka) mayelana ukuqaliswa (futhi akunandaba ukuthi okuqukethwe kuyini: okuhle noma okubucayi).
Isiqinisekisi singakwazi, ngokusekelwe kumgomo “wokuhlukaniswa kukanjiniyela emkhiqizweni wakhe,” aqinisekise IKhasimende ukuthi lizohlala lithola ithimba lokusekela le phrojekthi, isibonelo, uma Usonkontileka enqaba ukusekela ukuqaliswa kwakhe noma ukuqaliswa umkhiqizo wakhe wesoftware.
Kunamanye amaphuzu amaningi (imininingwane), isibonelo, ukufihla igama lenkampani yeKhasimende ezigabeni zokuqala zokuklama. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze iKhasimende lingatholi ugaxekile kwabancintisana nabo - ngokohlelo oluhlukile "lwemali" (ngokumemeza: "ushizi wamahhala usogibeni lwamagundane kuphela"). Uma iKhasimende lizimisele ukukhokha inani elingokomfanekiso kuSonkontileka, khona-ke uMlamuli usebenza njengomxhumanisi ekukhokheleni ndawonye. Kuyatuseka ukukhombisa imininingwane ku-charter yephrojekthi ethile noma ku-chartha yesayithi elithile le-STOPIT.
PR Imisebenzi yokukhangisa: izincwadi eziya kubaphathi nezinkundla zabafundi, imidiya - ukuqaliswa nokubandakanyeka kuphrojekthi, ukukhushulwa ku-inthanethi.
OK. Ukulawula ukusetshenziswa. Umxhumanisi angenza ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwesistimu esetshenzisiwe yamaphrojekthi ngamanye. Ngemuva kokuqaliswa, hlela ukuqapha inqubo futhi wenze ucwaningo.
UMlamuli angaphatha Abaluleki, okungukuthi. uma kukhona insiza - ochwepheshe, baxhume kuphrojekthi yokweluleka.
Umlamuli angahlela imincintiswano, imiklomelo, njll. ukuze andise ugqozi lwabadlali. Kuningi okunye okungengezwa: lokhu kunqunywa amandla (izinsiza) zoMlamuli.
2.6 Eminye imiphumela yephrojekthi ehlongozwayo
Bandakanya abafundi ekuxazululeni izinkinga zangempela ezisetshenzisiwe. Ngokufanelekile (ngokuzayo), sizokwethula indlela yaseNtshonalanga ezikhungweni zethu, lapho amaqembu abafundi enza izinga lezimboni, inkundla yesistimu evulekile (uhlaka), esetshenziswa kabanzi ukwakha izinhlelo zokugcina zezimboni.
Khulisa izinga lokumiswa ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zolwazi: ukuklama okujwayelekile, izixazululo ezijwayelekile, ukuthuthukiswa kwesixazululo esisodwa somqondo kanye nokwakhiwa kokusetshenziswa okuningana okusekelwe kukho, isibonelo, ezinjini ezahlukene ze-CMS, i-DMS, i-wiki, njll. sebenzisa indinganiso yokwakha uhlelo olunjalo nalolo, i.e. ukwakhiwa kwezindinganiso zezimboni zokuxazulula inkinga esetshenzisiwe.
Dala amapulatifomu ahlanganisa ukunikezwa kanye nesidingo, futhi ukuqaliswa komsebenzi kuzoba okumaphakathi noma ngentengo engokomfanekiso, kanye nezinketho ezahlukahlukene zokukhuthaza, ngokwesibonelo, lapho inkampani iqasha umfundi ophumelelayo ukuze athole ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe kohlelo lwakhe noma ngaphandle kokukhokhwa kwamaholo (at practice).
Esikhathini esizayo, kungenzeka ukudala isizukulwane esilandelayo samapulatifomu ngokusekelwe ezimisweni zokuvuleka, ukumisa, ukuqoqa imali, kodwa lapho kuphela iphrojekthi ngokwayo izokhokhwa, futhi ukuphindaphinda kwayo kuzonikelwa emphakathini, i.e. Umphakathi, okuhlanganisa noma iyiphi inkampani nomuntu ngamunye, ungayisebenzisa mahhala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umphakathi endaweni yokuhweba uzonquma ukuthi yini edingekayo kuqala nokuthi ubani ozonikeza le phrojekthi (ukuthuthukiswa "ngemali").
3 "Izinsika Ezintathu" Zomsebenzi Wezenhlalakahle kanye Nomklamo Ovulekile
A) Ubuchwepheshe bokusebenzisana
(ngokuphathelene ne-STOPIT)
Inethiwekhi - inethiwekhi + umsebenzi - ukusebenza. Lona umsebenzi wokuxhumana nabantu nochwepheshe okuhloswe ngawo ukwakha ubudlelwano bokwethembana nobuhlala isikhathi eside nabantu kanye nokuhlinzeka ngokusizana ngosizo lwendilinga yabangane, abantu obajwayele (okuhlanganisa abantu obajwayele ngezinkundla zokuxhumana noma izinkundla zobuchwepheshe), kanye nozakwethu.
Ukuxhumana kuyisisekelo sokusungula ubungane nobudlelwano bebhizinisi nabantu abasha (abalingani). Ingqikithi yokuxhumana ukwakheka kombuthano wokuxhumana nabantu kanye nesifiso sokuxoxa ngezinkinga zomuntu siqu nabanye, ukunikeza izinsizakalo zomuntu (iseluleko, ukubonisana ezinkundleni). Wonke amanethiwekhi omphakathi asekelwe kuwo.
Kubalulekile ukukholelwa ku-Networking futhi ungesabi ukucela abanye izisombululo zenkinga, ubacele ukuthi bakuxazulule inkinga yakho, futhi unikeze ulwazi lwakho nosizo kwabanye.
Ngomqondo obanzi, kuyindlela yokuhlela umsebenzi wabantu abanemisebenzi ehlukene endaweni eyodwa; endaweni encane - indawo efanayo, ihhovisi elihlangene (elisabalalisiwe), esimweni sethu isayithi LIMA. Lena inhlangano yengqalasizinda yokusebenzisana ngaphansi kwamaphrojekthi we-STOPIT.
Ngolunye usuku kungenzeka ukuthi izikhala ezisebenzayo ze-STOPIT zizovela, kodwa okwamanje lokhu kuyinkundla ye-STOPIT kuphela (insiza ye-inthanethi). Ngeke nje sishintshe isipiliyoni nemibono nawo wonke umuntu, okuzokwandisa ukukhiqiza nokusiza ekutholeni izixazululo ezingezona ezincane ezinkingeni, kodwa futhi sisebenze endaweni eyodwa, sisebenzisa amathuluzi avamile (isibonelo, izinhlelo zokuklama, ama-emulators, amabhentshi okuhlola abonakalayo) .
Kuze kube manje isihloko sezindawo zokusebenza ezibonakalayo STOPIT asikasetshenziswa, kodwa sizofaka okungenani amahhovisi abonakalayo (izindawo zokusebenza zasehhovisi ezikude, okuhlanganisa i-word excel, njll. noma ama-analogue azo, amaqiniso, ukuxhumana, njll.), kanye ne-IT ebonakalayo. amalabhorethri nezithonjana “zabiwe” zokuhlolwa nokuhlola (imishini ebonakalayo eyabiwe nesofthiwe ekhethekile, izithombe ze-VM ezinezinhlaka ezifakwe ngaphambili, njll.).
Lapho kuqedwa iphrojekthi ngayinye, isitendi sayo esibonakalayo sizofakwa kungobo yomlando futhi sizotholakala ukuze sisetshenziswe kabusha kunoma yimuphi umhlanganyeli we-STOPIT, i.e. Akuwona kuphela imibhalo esebenzayo neyokusebenza yephrojekthi ezotholakala, kodwa nohlelo lolwazi olusebenzayo ngokwalo.
I-STOPIT ithatha okuningi ku-crowdsourcing: empeleni, amaphrojekthi anikezwa umphakathi, kwakhiwa ucingo oluvulekile emphakathini, lapho inhlangano ibuza (icela) izixazululo "esixukwini".
Ubuchwepheshe bokuklama obuvulekile, ukuphathwa kwephrojekthi yomphakathi (eqinisweni, njengohlelo oluthi “Yini, Kuphi, Nini”), ukuqoqana kwabantu, ukudala ngokubambisana, ukuqamba okusha okuvulekile amagama aziwayo atholakala kalula ku-inthanethi, ngokwesibonelo, .
B) Inhlangano yezesayensi yezabasebenzi
HHAYI - njengenqubo yokuthuthukisa ukuhlelwa komsebenzi ngokusekelwe ezimpumelelweni zesayensi nezindlela ezihamba phambili - umqondo obanzi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, lezi mishini kanye ne-automation, i-ergonomics, izilinganiso, ukuphathwa kwesikhathi kanye nezinye izinto eziningi.
Sizokhawula kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- ukushintshana kwamahhala kolwazi kanye nemikhuba emihle kakhulu;
- ukuhlanganisa kanye nokulinganisa;
- ukusetshenziswa okwandile Kwemikhuba Emihle, kokubili imboni kanye Nemikhuba Enhle Yokuphatha.
- Ukuhlanganisa nokumisa, ukuboleka osekwenziwe, kugxilwe ezisombululweni ezijwayelekile.
Awudingi ukuqamba kabusha isondo ngaso sonke isikhathi, udinga nje ukuliphinda. Uma sixazulula inkinga, ngakho-ke kuhle ukunikeza isisombululo esizoba yindawo yonke futhi sivumele ukuxazulula izinkinga ezifanayo ("izinyoni ezimbili ngetshe elilodwa").
Best Practice. Izibonelo ze-Industry Best Practices, isibonelo, kusukela ku-IT: ITSM, ITIL, COBIT. Izibonelo Zemikhuba Engcono Kakhulu Yokuphatha: kusukela ezingeni lephrojekthi lena yi-PMBOK-PRINCE; ama-BOKs avela emkhakheni wobunjiniyela besoftware yesistimu; I-BIZBOK VAVOK, kanye nezindlela eziningi ezimise okunciphile zazo “zonke izikhathi”.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda lapha ukuthi umgomo akukhona “ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kwezindlela eziningi zokuziphatha ezingcono kakhulu” (izindlela eziningi ezihlukile). Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi ungaqambi izindlela ezintsha zokuphatha amaphrojekthi, izindlela ezintsha zokuklama amasistimu, njll., kodwa uqale ufunde Indlela Yokwenza Okungcono Kakhulu bese uboleka kuzona ngangokunokwenzeka. Nakuba ngolunye usuku ngithemba ukuthi enye yephrojekthi ye-STOPIT izoba ukusetshenzwa kabusha Komkhuba Ongcono Kakhulu “odumile” noma ukwakhiwa kwentsha, isibonelo, i-BOK esekelwe kuphrojekthi ye-STOPIT ngokwayo.
C) Izimiso zesikhundla sempilo esebenzayo
amaphayona, izishoshovu, amavolontiya, ama-altruists kanye "bonke-bonke-bonke" abafuna ukwenza okuthile okuwusizo: kokubili "okukhulu" okuwusizo emphakathini (okuwusizo olukhulu), futhi kuwusizo kuphela enkampanini encane, i.e. othile ukwenza okuthile ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuzithandela.
Osomabhizinisi bezenhlalakahle, ama-altruists kanye nama-philanthropists banomthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi mayelana nokwenza amaphrojekthi we-IT afinyeleleke kalula, aphenduleke futhi asabalele, isifiso sokubandakanya inani elikhulu labahlanganyeli ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zolwazi, ukwenza izinhlelo zasekhaya zekhwalithi ephakeme futhi zingabi ngaphansi kwe EzaseNtshonalanga. Okuthile njengokuthi "IMisa nekhono yisiqubulo semidlalo yaseSoviet," i.e. "Isilinganiso sobuningi nobungcweti yisiqubulo sokwakhiwa kwalo ekhaya."
Okudingekayo nje, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwenani elincane lamaqabane anolwazi, ukuqondisa ibutho elikhulu labafundi “abalambele ulwazi nokusetshenziswa kwalo ngokusebenza” nawo wonke umuntu (onjiniyela abasafufusa nabahleli bohlelo) ukwenza imisebenzi engokoqobo ngokusebenza okuqondile futhi ukwesekwa kwentuthuko okulandelayo. Ukuthuthukiswa (umkhiqizo) kuthatha izimiso ezingenhla: ukuvuleka, ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yonke, ukumiswa kwesixazululo, okuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa komqondo (i-ontology), ukuphindaphinda kwamahhala (ikhophi kwesokunxele).
Inani
Yiqiniso, umfundi we-IT onenhlanhla ngonyaka wakhe omkhulu esikhungweni angathola i-internship enkampanini enkulu ye-IT, kunezindaba ezinhle mayelana nabafundi, ikakhulukazi abaseNtshonalanga, isibonelo, uStanford (K. Systrom, M. Zuckerberg), lapho izingosi ezifuywayo zokuqala, ama-hackathons, imiqhudelwano yabafundi efana nokuthi “Abantu Bayakudinga”, imibukiso yemisebenzi, izinkundla zentsha njenge-BreakPoint, izikhwama zebhizinisi lezenhlalo (i-Rybakov, njll.), amaphrojekthi afana ne-“Preactum”, imiqhudelwano, isibonelo, i-Athikili Ukuncintisana "Usomabhizinisi Wezenhlalakahle Ngamehlo Abafundi", "Project 5-100" kanye "nabahlanu", inqwaba, futhi mhlawumbe amakhulu afanayo, kodwa konke lokhu akuzange kunikeze umphumela wokuguqula ezweni lethu: noma uguquko kwezamabhizinisi, noma kwezemfundo, noma uguquko lwesayensi nobuchwepheshe. Imfundo yasekhaya, isayensi kanye nokukhiqiza kwehlisa isithunzi ngamagxathu amakhulu. Ukuguqula isimo, izindlela ezinqala ziyadingeka. Akukaze kube khona futhi azikho izinyathelo eziqinile nezisebenza ngempela “ezivela phezulu”.
Okusele nje wukuzama “ukusuka ngezansi” bese ufaka umdlandla nomsebenzi walabo abanakekelayo.
Ingabe ifomethi ehlongozwayo ye-IT greenhouse yohlobo olusha lwebhizinisi lezenhlalakahle elikwazi ukwenza lokhu: Umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle kanye nomklamo ovulekile? Impendulo inganikezwa kuphela ngokuyizama ngesenzo.
Uma umbono ukuthakasela, zenzele eyakho insiza ye-STOPIT: umqondo ohlongozwayo usatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-Copyleft “THE BURGER-WARE LICENSE”. Yonke inyuvesi ingazuza kunkundla enjalo. Ngizokubona kusayithi lakho STOP.
Source: www.habr.com