Ngonyaka odlule, uhulumeni wagunyaza uhlelo lokusebenza endaweni yezokuPhepha Kolwazi. Lokhu kuyingxenye yohlelo lwe- “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation”. Kufakwe ohlelweni uma kwenzeka unqanyulwa kumaseva angaphandle. Le mibhalo ilungiswe yiqembu lamasekela eliholwa yinhloko yekomidi leFederation Council, u-Andrei Klishas.
Kungani iRussia idinga ingxenye yokuzimela yenethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke futhi yiziphi izinhloso ezilandelwa ababhali besinyathelo - ngokuqhubekayo endabeni.
Kungani umthethosivivinywa onjalo udingeka?
Ekuhlaziyeni kwe-TASS : "Ithuba liyadalwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukudluliswa kwedatha phesheya kwezilwandle phakathi kwabasebenzisi baseRussia."
Embhalweni mayelana nomgomo wokudala i-Runet ezimele : “Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okusimeme kwe-inthanethi, uhlelo lukazwelonke lokuthola ulwazi mayelana namagama esizinda kanye (noma amakheli enethiwekhi) luyakhiwa njengesethi yesofthiwe exhumene nezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha eziklanyelwe ukugcina nokuthola ulwazi mayelana namakheli enethiwekhi ngokuhlobene. emagameni wesizinda, okuhlanganisa nalawo afakwe endaweni yesizinda kazwelonke saseRussia, kanye nokugunyazwa lapho kuxazululwa amagama ezizinda.”
Ababhali balo mbhalo baqale ukulungisa umthethosivivinywa “kucatshangelwa isimo esinolaka sesu le-cybersecurity likazwelonke lase-US elamukelwa ngoSepthemba 2018,” elimemezela umgomo “wokugcina ukuthula ngenkani,” kanti iRussia, phakathi kwamanye amazwe, “ ngokuqondile nangaphandle kobufakazi abasolwa ngokwenza ukuhlasela kwama-hacker.”
Ubani ozophatha yonke into uma kuphasiswa umthetho?
Umthethosivivinywa uthi ukusungula imithetho yemigwaqo yethrafikhi kanye nokuphoqelela leyo mithetho . Umnyango uzophinde ube nesibopho sokunciphisa umthamo wezimoto zaseRussia ezidlula ezikhungweni zokuxhumana zangaphandle. Isibopho sokuphatha ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi ye-RuNet ezimweni ezibucayi izokwabelwa esikhungweni esikhethekile. Isivele yakhiwe kusevisi yefrikhwensi yomsakazo engaphansi kwe-Roskomnadzor.
, ngokusho kukahulumeni, kufanele idalwe ezinyangeni ezizayo. Kufanele ibizwe ngokuthi “Isikhungo Sokulawulwa Kwenethiwekhi Yokuxhumana Komphakathi”. Uhulumeni unikeze iRoskomnadzor unyaka wokuthuthukisa isoftware kanye namathuluzi wehardware wokuqapha nokuphatha inethiwekhi yomphakathi.
Ubani ozokhokha ngani futhi malini?
Ngisho nababhali bomthethosivivinywa bakuthola kunzima ukusho ukuthi i-Runet ezimele ngokuphelele izobiza kangakanani isabelomali.
Ekuqaleni, izishayamthetho zathi sikhuluma ngama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili. Kulo nyaka ababhali . Kamuva kwabikwa ukuthi .
Ukuthengwa kwemishini ezoqinisekisa ukuphepha kwengxenye yaseRussia kuphela kuzobiza ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-21. Cishe izigidigidi ezi-5 zizosetshenziswa ekuqoqeni ulwazi olumayelana namakheli e-inthanethi, izinombolo zezinhlelo ezizimele nokuxhumana phakathi kwawo, imizila yethrafikhi ku-inthanethi, kanye nenye i-5 billion ekuphatheni ama-software akhethekile, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe nehardware eyakhelwe ukuqoqa nokugcina ulwazi. .
Akukacaci ukuthi ubani ozokhokhela yonke into: noma zonke izimali zizovela kwisabelomali, noma ingqalasizinda entsha izokwakhiwa ngezindleko zabaqhubi be-telecom, okuzodingeka bafake futhi bagcine imishini ngokwabo.
kuthiwa “izindaba zokusebenza nokuthuthukiswa kwalezi zikhungo azilawulwa, okuhlanganisa nokwesekwa kwezimali kwalezi zinqubo, kanye nesibopho somonakalo odalwe uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka ekusebenzeni kwamanethiwekhi okuxhumana okubangelwa ukusebenza. yalezi zikhungo, okuhlanganisa nezabantu besithathu.”
Kuphela maphakathi no-March wonyaka odlule lapho i-Federation Council yahlongoza . Ngakho-ke, omunye umqulu uhanjiswe kubameli ukuze bacatshangelwe ngokuchitshiyelwa kwesinxephezelo esivela kwisabelomali sezindleko zabaqhubi bokuhlinzeka ngemishini yokusebenza kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahlinzeki bazokhululwa esikweletini sokwehluleka kwenethiwekhi kwababhalisile uma imbangela yalokhu kwehluleka kuyimishini emisha.
"Njengoba imishini yezobuchwepheshe ehlelelwe ukufakwa izothengwa kwisabelomali, ukugcinwa kwalezi zixhobo kufanele futhi kunxeshezelwe ngemali yesabelomali," kusho uSenator Lyudmila Bokova, umbhali ngokubambisana wezichibiyelo.
Izimali zizosetshenziswa kakhulu ukufaka uhlelo lwe-DPI (Ukuhlola Iphakethe Okujulile), olwathuthukiswa kwa-RDP.RU. I-Roskomnadzor ikhethe imishini kule nkampani ethile ngemuva kokwenza izivivinyo ezivela kubakhiqizi abayisikhombisa baseRussia abahlukene.
"Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwenethiwekhi ye-Rostelecom ngonyaka odlule, uhlelo lwe-DPI oluvela ku-RDP.RU luthole, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, "ukudlula." Abalawuli babe nemibuzo ethile ngakho, kodwa jikelele uhlelo luphumelele ukuhlolwa. Ngakho-ke, angimangazi ukuthi banqume ukwenza ukuhlolwa ngezinga elikhulu. Futhi isebenzise kumanethiwekhi ama-opharetha amaningi,” .
Uhlelo lokusebenza lwesihlungi se-DPI ()
Uhlelo lwe-DPI luyi-software ne-hardware eyinkimbinkimbi ehlaziya izingxenye zephakethe ledatha elidlula kunethiwekhi. Izingxenye zephakethe unhlokweni, indawo kanye namakheli omthumeli, nomzimba. Lena ingxenye yokugcina uhlelo lwe-DPI oluzoyihlaziya. Uma ngaphambilini i-Roskomnadzor ibheka kuphela ikheli lendawo, manje ukuhlaziya isiginesha kuzoba kubalulekile. Ukwakheka komzimba wephakeji kuqhathaniswa nokujwayelekile - iphakethe leTelegramu elaziwayo, ngokwesibonelo. Uma umdlalo usondele kokukodwa, iphakethe liyalahlwa.
Uhlelo olulula lwe-DPI lokuhlunga ithrafikhi luhlanganisa:
- Amakhadi enethiwekhi anemodi ye-Bypass, exhuma ukuxhumana okusezingeni lokuqala. Ngisho noma amandla eseva eyeka ngokuzumayo, isixhumanisi phakathi kwezimbobo siyaqhubeka nokusebenza, kudlula ithrafikhi kusetshenziswa amandla ebhethri.
- Uhlelo lokuqapha. Iqapha ukude izinkomba zenethiwekhi futhi izibonise esikrinini.
- Amandla kagesi amabili angabuyiselana uma kunesidingo.
- Ama-hard drive amabili, iprosesa eyodwa noma amabili.
Izindleko zohlelo lwe-RDP.RU azaziwa, kodwa inkimbinkimbi ye-DPI yesikali sesifunda iqukethe amarutha, amahabhu, amaseva, iziteshi zokuxhumana nezinye izakhi. Imishini enjalo ayikwazi ukushibhile. Futhi uma ucabangela ukuthi i-DPI idinga ukufakwa yibo bonke abahlinzeki (zonke izinhlobo zokuxhumana) kuzo zonke izindawo zokuxhumana ezibalulekile ezweni lonke, khona-ke ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-20 angase angabi umkhawulo.
Abasebenzi bezingcingo babamba iqhaza kanjani ekusetshenzisweni komthethosivivinywa?
Abasebenzisi bazozifakela izisetshenziswa ngokwabo. Futhi banesibopho sokusebenza nokunakekela. Kuzodingeka ukuthi:
- lungisa umzila wemiyalezo yezokuxhumana ngokucelwa yiziphathimandla zikahulumeni;
- ukuxazulula amagama wesizinda, sebenzisa amaseva asebenza endaweni ye-Russian Federation;
- hlinzeka ngolwazi ngendlela ye-elekthronikhi mayelana namakheli enethiwekhi ababhalisile kanye nokusebenzisana kwabo nabanye ababhalisile, kanye nolwazi olumayelana nemizila yemiyalezo yezokuxhumana eya esigungwini esiphezulu sikahulumeni.
Iqala nini?
Maduze. Ekupheleni kukaNdasa wezi-2019, i-Roskomnadzor yamema abaqhubi be-Big Four ukuthi bahlole i-Runet "ubukhosi." Ukuxhumana kweselula kuzoba uhlobo lwenkundla yokuhlola ukuhlola "i-Runet ezenzakalelayo" isebenza. Ukuhlolwa ngeke kube okwasemhlabeni wonke; izivivinyo zizokwenziwa kwesinye sezifunda zaseRussia.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, opharetha bazohlola imishini ejulile yokuhlunga i-traffic (DPI) eyenziwe yinkampani yaseRussia i-RDP.RU. Inhloso yokuhlola ukuhlola ukusebenza kombono. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, opharetha be-telecom bacelwa ukuthi banikeze i-Roskomnadzor ulwazi mayelana nesakhiwo senethiwekhi yabo. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ukhethe isifunda ozohlolwa futhi uthole . Isifunda sizokhethwa emasontweni ambalwa ngemva kokuthola idatha evela kubaqhubi.
Imishini ye-DPI izokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlola ikhwalithi yokuvinjelwa kwezinsiza nezinsizakalo ezinqatshelwe e-Russian Federation, kuhlanganise neTelegram. Futhi, bazophinde bahlole ukukhawulela isivinini sokufinyelela kuzinsiza ezithile (isibonelo, i-Facebook ne-Google). Izishayamthetho zasekhaya abanelisekile ngokuthi zombili izinkampani zikhiqiza inani elikhulu kakhulu lethrafikhi ngaphandle kokutshala noma yini ekuthuthukiseni ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi yaseRussia. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi ukubeka phambili kwethrafikhi.
“Usebenzisa i-DPI, ungakwazi ukubeka phambili ngempumelelo ithrafikhi futhi wehlise isivinini sokufinyelela ku-YouTube nanoma iyiphi enye insiza. Ngo-2009-2010, lapho ukuthandwa kwama-torrent trackers kudlondlobala, opharetha abaningi bezingcingo bazibekela i-DPI ngokuqondile ukuze babone ithrafikhi ye-p2p futhi behlise isivinini sokulanda ezifufuleni, njengoba iziteshi zokuxhumana bezingakwazi ukumelana nomthwalo onjalo. Ngakho-ke ama-opharetha asevele anolwazi lokunciphisa izinhlobo ezithile zethrafikhi,” kusho isikhulu seDiphost uPhilip Kulin.
Yibuphi ubunzima nezinkinga iphrojekthi enazo?
Ngaphezu kwezindleko eziphezulu zephrojekthi, kunezinye izinkinga eziningana. Okuyinhloko ukuntuleka kokuthuthukiswa kwedokhumenti ku-"RuNet ezizimele" ngokwayo. Abahlanganyeli bemakethe nochwepheshe bakhuluma ngalokhu. Amaphuzu amaningi awacacile, futhi amanye awakhonjiswa nhlobo (njengokuthi, isibonelo, umthombo wezimali wokuqalisa ukusebenza kwezinhlinzeko zomthethosivivinywa).
Uma, lapho bethula uhlelo olusha, opharetha behlangabezana nezinkinga, okungukuthi, i-intanethi iphazamisekile, khona-ke umbuso kuzodingeka unxephezele opharetha mayelana nama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-124 ngonyaka. Lena imali enkulu yesabelomali saseRussia.
UMongameli weRussian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (RSPP), u-Alexander Shokhin, waze wathumela incwadi kuSomlomo weDuma uVyacheslav Volodin, lapho eveze khona ukuthi. .
Source: www.habr.com