Ngo-1942, u-Albert Camus wabhala incwadi ethi The Myth of Sisyphus. Imayelana ngodaba lwefilosofi olubaluleke ngempela: Uma kubhekwa izimo zokuphila kwethu, akufanele yini simane sizibulale? Nansi impendulo:
I-Camus ichaza kuqala lezo zikhathi ezimpilweni zethu lapho imibono yethu ngomhlaba iyeka ukusebenza kungazelelwe, lapho yonke imizamo yethu ibonakala ingenanjongo, okuhlanganisa nesimiso sethu esivamile sansuku zonke (umsebenzi-umsebenzi wasekhaya). Lapho ngokuzumayo uzizwa njengomuntu ongamazi futhi unqunywe kulo mhlaba.
Kulezi zikhathi ezesabekayo, sibona ngokucacile ukungabi nangqondo kwempilo.
Isizathu + Izwe elingenangqondo = Impilo engenangqondo
Lokhu kuzwela okungenangqondo kuwumphumela wokungqubuzana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, senza izinhlelo ezinengqondo zokuphila, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, sibhekene nezwe elingenakubikezelwa elingahambisani nemibono yethu.
Pho buyini ubuwula? Ukuze ube onengqondo ezweni elingenangqondo.
Lokhu ukungqubuzana okukhulu. Uma imibono yethu ephusile ngomhlaba ishayisana neqiniso, siba nokushuba kwesimo.
Inkinga ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi singabiza ngokuphepha imibono yethu ngomhlaba ngokuthi “waphakade,” kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo siyazi ukuthi isikhathi sethu sokuphila silinganiselwe. Sonke siyafa. Yebo, nawe.
Ngakho-ke, uma isizathu kanye nezwe elingenangqondo kuyizici ezibalulekile, khona-ke singakwazi "ukukopela" futhi sigweme inkinga yezinto ezingenangqondo ngokumane siqede enye yezingxenye ezimbili, njengoba uCamus ephikisana.
Ukuphikwa kwezwe elingenangqondo
Enye indlela iwukuziba ukungabi nanjongo kobukhona bethu. Naphezu kobufakazi obusobala, singenza sengathi konke kuzinzile futhi siphila ngokuvumelana nemigomo ekude (ukuthatha umhlalaphansi, ukutholwa okubalulekile, ngemva kokufa, ukuthuthuka komuntu, njll.). UCamus uthi uma senza lokhu, ngeke sikwazi ukwenza ngokukhululeka, njengoba izenzo zethu zixhumene nalezi zinhlelo zaphakade, ezivame ukugwetshwa ukuphahlazeka emadwaleni omhlaba ongenangqondo.
Ngokwaleli phuzu lokubuka, ukunamathela kumamodeli ethu anengqondo bekungaba yize. Besizophoqeleka ukuthi siphile ngokuphika, kuzomele sikholwe nje.
Ukuyekwa Kwezizathu Ezizwakalayo
Isu lesibili lokugwema ukuphuphutheka ukulahla ukucabanga. I-Camus ikhuluma ngokuhlukahluka okuhlukile kwaleli su. Ubhekisela ezihlakaniphi zefilosofi ezithi ukucabanga kuyithuluzi elingenamsebenzi (uShestow, Jaspers) noma ezithi leli zwe lilandela ukucabanga kwaphezulu abantu abangeke bakuqonde (Kierkegaard).
Zombili izindlela azamukelekile kuCamus. Ubiza noma yiliphi isu lokuyishaya indiva inkinga “yokuzibulala kwefilosofi” okungenangqondo.
Ukuhlubuka, inkululeko kanye nogqozi
Uma "ukuzibulala kwefilosofi" kungeyona inketho, kuthiwani ngokuzibulala kwangempela? U-Camus akakwazi ukuthethelela ukuzibulala ngokombono wefilosofi. Ukuzibulala kungaba isenzo esikhulu sokwamukela—siyokwamukela ukuphikisana phakathi komqondo wethu womuntu nomhlaba ongenangqondo. Futhi ukuzibulala egameni lesizathu akunangqondo ngokuphelele.
Kunalokho, uCamus uphakamisa ukwenza okulandelayo:
1. Uguquko oluqhubekayo: kufanele sihlale sivukela izimo zokuphila kwethu futhi ngaleyo ndlela singavumeli okungenangqondo ukuba kufe. Akufanele nanini sikwamukele ukunqotshwa, ngisho nalapho silwa nokufa, nakuba sazi ukuthi ngeke sikugweme ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuhlubuka njalo kuwukuphela kwendlela yokuba yingxenye yaleli zwe.
2. Yenqaba inkululeko yaphakade: Esikhundleni sokuba yizigqila zamaphethini aphakade, kufanele silalele izwi lokucabanga, kodwa siqaphele ukulinganiselwa kwayo futhi sikusebenzise ngokuguquguqukayo esimweni samanje. Kalula nje: kufanele sithole inkululeko lapha futhi manje, hhayi ithemba laphakade.
3. Umdlandla. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi sihlala sinesifiso sokuphila, sidinga ukuthanda konke okukuyo futhi sizame ukuphila hhayi kahle ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa ngangokunokwenzeka.
Umuntu ongenangqondo uyazi ngokufa kwakhe, kodwa akakwamukeli, uyazi ngemikhawulo yokucabanga kwakhe, kodwa usakwazisa. Ukuthola okuhlangenwe nakho kokuphila, uthola kokubili injabulo nobuhlungu, kodwa usazama ukuzuza ulwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka
I-Art of the Absurd - Ukudala ngaphandle kwento ethi "kusasa"
U-Albert Camus unikela ingxenye yesithathu kumdwebi owazi ngokugcwele okungenangqondo. Umdwebi onjalo akasoze azama ukuchaza noma ukuqinisa imibono engaphelelwa isikhathi noma alwele kanzima ukwakha ifa elizomelana nesikhathi. Lezi zenzo ziphika ubunjalo bomhlaba obungenangqondo.
Kunalokho, uthanda umculi ongenangqondo ophila futhi odala okwamanje. Akaboshelwe embonweni owodwa nje. UnguDon Juan wemibono, ulungele ukuyeka umsebenzi kunoma yimiphi imidwebo ukuze nje achithe ubusuku obubodwa nomunye. Ngaphandle, le mizamo ebuhlungu ebheke entweni ehlala isikhathi esifushane ibonakala ingenanjongo - futhi yilelo phuzu! Inkulumo yobuciko iqala lapho ingqondo igcina khona.
Kungani uSisyphus engumuntu ojabulayo?
Sonke siyayazi indaba yasendulo yamaGreki ngoSisyphus, owavukela onkulunkulu ngakho-ke wajeziswa. Wagwetshwa ukusunduza itshe phezulu entabeni, ukuze nje alibuke lihlehla futhi azame ukuliphakamisa futhi. Futhi futhi. Futhi njalo kuze kube phakade.
UCamus uphetha incwadi yakhe ngesitatimende esimangalisayo, esinesibindi:
"Kufanele ucabange uSisyphus ejabule."
Uthi uSisyphus uyisibonelo esihle kithi ngoba akakhohlisi ngesimo sakhe esingasho lutho kodwa uvukela izimo zakhe. Isikhathi ngasinye lapho itshe ligingqika eweni futhi, uSisyphus wenza isinqumo esiphusile sokuzama futhi. Ulokhu ephusha leli tshe futhi uyavuma ukuthi yiyo yonke le nto yokuba khona: ukuphila ngempela, ukuqhubeka nokuphusha.
Source: www.habr.com