Ososayensi abavela esikhungweni esikhulu kunazo zonke sase-US sokuthuthukiswa kwe-quantum computing eHarvard University Ukuvela okusheshayo okungalindelekile kwamakhompyutha e-quantum abekezelela amaphutha. Okwakulindeleke ngaphambili maphakathi nawo-2030 kuya ngasekupheleni kwawo, lesi sikhathi sesishintshele ekupheleni kwawo-2020—eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi ngaphambili. Okumangazayo ukuthi umhlaba awukaqondi ukuthi ungathola kanjani izinzuzo ezingokoqobo ngokusebenzisa amapulatifomu e-quantum.
"Ekuqaleni abantu babecabanga ukuthi lolu hlobo lwamakhompyutha amakhulu e-quantum abekezelela amaphutha luzovela esikhathini esithile ekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi ezayo, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi azovela ngempela—okungenani ngandlela-thile—ekupheleni kwale minyaka eyishumi," kusho uMikhail Lukin, uchwepheshe ohamba phambili wezinhlelo ze-quantum eHarvard kanye nowayengumfundi we-MIPT. "Ngakho-ke, singaphambili okungenani ngeminyaka emihlanu, mhlawumbe eyi-10. Futhi umsebenzi omningi e-HQI (Quantum Initiative in Science and Engineering) ube negalelo kulokhu."
Isikhungo se-HQI sasungulwa ngo-2018 ngokusekelwa ngabalingani bezimboni, okuhlanganisa ne-Amazon Web Services. Isici esibalulekile ekusheshisweni kwaso kwaba yintuthuko ekulungisweni kwamaphutha, okuqongelela ngokushesha ezinhlelweni ze-quantum futhi kwenze izibalo zingabi namsebenzi. Ama-Quantum bits (ama-qubits) ayakwazi ukufaka esikhundleni (amele lonke uhla lwamanani aphakathi kuka-0 no-1 ngesikhathi esisodwa) futhi asebenzise i-quantum entanglement, okwenza kube nezixazululo zezinkinga ze-chemistry, isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, ezezimali, kanye nokuphepha kwezwe okungafinyeleleki kumakhompyutha akudala.
Intuthuko eHarvard isivele iholele ekudalweni kwezinkampani ezintsha zezentengiselwano. Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-QuEra (eyasungulwa ngo-2018 nguLukin noMarkus Greiner), eyaletha ikhompyutha yesibili ye-quantum yezentengiselwano eJapan; i-LightsynQ, eyasungulwa nguMihir Bhaskar futhi yathengwa yi-IonQ; kanye ne-CavilinQ, eyaqoqa amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-8,8 ukuthuthukisa amanethiwekhi e-quantum. Lezi zinkampani zibonisa intshisekelo ekhulayo yabatshalizimali kanye nokuguquka kobuchwepheshe kusuka elabhorethri kuya emakethe.
UBhaskar ukholelwa ukuthi ijubane lokuhweba limangaze ngisho nabantu abangaphakathi. "Bengingeke ngikubone kusengaphambili," echaza engxoxweni. "Ngingene kulo mkhakha ngoba ngangazi ukuthi uyathembisa, kodwa ijubane lokusungula izinto ezintsha, ijubane lentuthuko, ijubane—ngokuqondile—lokutshalwa kwezimali kwezobuchwepheshe lidlule kakhulu noma yini ebengingayicabanga noma ngiyiphuphe."
Ikwindla edlule, iqembu likaLukin Impumelelo emangalisayo ekudaleni amapulatifomu e-quantum abekezelela amaphutha. Bakha futhi uhlelo lokuqala lwe-quantum "oluhlala njalo" emhlabeni—ipulatifomu eqhubeka nokwengeza ama-athomu kukhompyutha ye-quantum, igcina ukusebenza kwayo ngaphandle kokuma ukuze ibuyisele ama-qubit. Kodwa-ke, umhlaba awukakulungeli ukuvela kwamakhompyutha e-quantum abekezelela amaphutha, ngokusho kukaLukin. Ngokombono wakhe, isinyathelo esilandelayo akukhona nje ukudala imishini ye-quantum, kodwa nokufunda ukuthi ingasetshenziswa kanjani ngempumelelo.
"Lobu ubuchwepheshe obusha ngokuphelele. Ikhompyutha ye-quantum ayifani nanoma iyiphi ikhompyutha yakudala eyake yakhiwa," esho. "Kunezinselele ezimbili ezibalulekile kulo mkhakha. Enye ukudala le mishini ye-quantum, kanti enye ukuyisebenzisa. Nakuba kusenomsebenzi omningi onzima okusamele wenziwe, okokuqala ngqa, kungenzeka ukudala imishini ye-quantum ewusizo kuyabonakala." Ososayensi ababodwa enkolelweni yabo yokuthi amakhompyutha e-quantum asesigabeni sawo sokuqala. I-Google iyavumelana nabo. kusukela kubo kakade ngo-2029 noma ngaphezulu.
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Source: 3dnews.ru
