I-Epigraph:
Kudala, iHedgehog neLittle Bear bahlangana ehlathini.
- Sawubona, Hedgehog!
- Sawubona, Bhele Elincane!
Ngakho-ke, igama nezwi, ihlaya ngehlaya, i-Hedgehog yashaywa ebusweni i-Little Bear...
Ngezansi ingxoxo evela kumholi wethimba lethu, kanye Nomqondisi Wokuthuthukiswa Komkhiqizo we-RAS u-Igor Marnat, mayelana nemininingwane yokungqubuzana komsebenzi nezindlela ezingaba khona zokuzilawula.
Iningi lezingxabano esibhekana nazo emsebenzini zikhula ngokwesimo esifana nalesi esichazwe ku-epigraph engenhla. Kunabahlanganyeli abambalwa ekuqaleni abathambekele kahle komunye nomunye; bazama ukuxazulula inkinga ethile, kodwa ekugcineni inkinga ayixazululeki, futhi ngenxa yesizathu esithile ubudlelwano phakathi kwababambe iqhaza engxoxweni buba bubi.
Ukuphila kuhlukahlukene, futhi kwenzeka ukuhlukahluka esimweni esichazwe ngenhla. Ngezinye izikhathi ubuhlobo phakathi kwabahlanganyeli abubuhle kakhulu ekuqaleni, ngezinye izikhathi akukho ngisho nenkinga edinga isisombululo esiqondile (njengesibonelo, ku-epigraph), ngezinye izikhathi ngemva kwengxoxo ubuhlobo buhlala bufana nangaphambili, kodwa inkinga ekugcineni ayixazululeki.
Yini evamile kuzo zonke izimo ezingachazwa njengesimo sokungqubuzana komsebenzi?
Okokuqala, kukhona izinhlangothi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Lawa maqembu angahlala ezindaweni ezihlukene enhlanganweni, abe nobudlelwano bokulingana (ozakwethu eqenjini), noma emazingeni ahlukene obuholi (umphathi - ongaphansi), kube umuntu oyedwa (isisebenzi) noma iqembu (uma kunengxabano phakathi isisebenzi kanye neqembu noma amaqembu amabili), njalonjalo. Amathuba okungqubuzana nokulula kokuxazululwa kwawo kuthonywa kakhulu izinga lokuthembana phakathi kwabahlanganyeli. Uma abathintekayo bazana kangcono, izinga lokwethembana likhuphuka, ayanda amathuba okuba bafinyelele esivumelwaneni. Isibonelo, amalungu ethimba elisabalalisiwe angakaze asebenzisane ubuso nobuso kungenzeka ahlangabezane nokungqubuzana ngendaba elula yomsebenzi kunabantu abaye baba nokusebenzisana okungenani okumbalwa ubuso nobuso. Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenza emaqenjini asabalalisiwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amalungu eqembu ahlangana ngezikhathi ezithile mathupha.
Okwesibili, esimweni sokungqubuzana emsebenzini, izinhlangothi ziba sesimweni sokuxazulula udaba oluthile olubalulekile kwelinye lamaqembu, kuwo womabili, noma enhlanganweni yonkana. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngenxa yokucaciswa kwesimo, izinhlangothi zivame ukuba nesikhathi esanele kanye nezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuyixazulula (okusemthethweni, okungakahleleki, imihlangano, izincwadi, izinqumo zokuphatha, ukuba khona kwezinhloso nezinhlelo zeqembu, iqiniso lesizinda, njll.). Lokhu kuhlukile esimweni sokuxazulula inkinga yomsebenzi (noma okungewona umsebenzi) enhlanganweni kusukela, isibonelo, ekuxazululeni umbuzo obalulekile: "Eh, ngane, uvela kuyiphi indawo?!" emgwaqeni, noma ukungqubuzana okuvela ku-epigraph. Endabeni yokuxazulula inkinga yomsebenzi, ikhwalithi yenqubo yomsebenzi kanye nesiko lokuxazulula izinkinga endabeni yeqembu.
Okwesithathu, into enqumayo yokungqubuzana (ngokombono wengxoxo yethu) iqiniso lokuthi izinhlangothi zenqubo azikwazi ngokuzimela ukuza esixazululweni sodaba olufanele bonke abathintekayo. Isimo sidinga ukungenelela komuntu wesithathu, umxazululi wangaphandle. Leli phuzu lingase libonakale liyimpikiswano, kodwa, empeleni, uma isimo sokungqubuzana sixazululwa ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokungenelela komxazululi wangaphandle, udaba lwaxazululwa ngempumelelo futhi ubudlelwano bamaqembu abuzange buwohloke, lesi yisimo okufanele silwele kuso. . Cishe ngeke sazi ngisho nokungqubuzana okunjalo, noma sizothola ngenhlanhla ngemva kokuba sekuxazululiwe. Izinkinga eziningi iqembu elingakwazi ukuzixazulula ngokwalo, yilapho lizosebenza kahle kakhulu.
Esinye isici sengxabano okufanele sithintwe yizinga lokushuba kwemizwelo phakathi nesinqumo. Ukungqubuzana akuhlobene neze nezinga eliphezulu lomzwelo. Abahlanganyeli akudingeki bamemeze futhi baphakamise izingalo zabo ukuze isimo sibe, empeleni, ukungqubuzana. Indaba ayixazululeki, kukhona ukungezwani okungokomzwelo okuthile (mhlawumbe akuvezwa ngokucacile ngaphandle), okusho ukuthi sibhekene nesimo sokungqubuzana.
Ingabe kuyadingeka ukungenelela ezimweni zokungqubuzana nhlobo, noma kungcono ukuvumela ukuxazululwa kwabo kuthathe indawo yakho bese ulinda ukuthi inkinga izixazulule? Udinga. Akukhona ngaso sonke isikhathi emandleni noma emandleni akho ukuxazulula ukungqubuzana ngokuphelele, kodwa kunoma yisiphi isimo, ekungqubuzaneni kwanoma yisiphi isikali, ungathatha isikhundla somuntu omdala, ngaleyo ndlela ulethe abantu abambalwa abaseduze nawe, unciphise imiphumela emibi ukungqubuzana nokufaka isandla ekuxazululeni kwayo.
Ngaphambi kokubheka izibonelo ezimbalwa zezimo zokungqubuzana, ake sibheke amaphuzu ambalwa abalulekile afana nakho konke ukungqubuzana.
Lapho uxazulula ukungqubuzana, kubalulekile ukuba ngaphezu kokulwa, futhi ungabi ngaphakathi kwayo (lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "ukuthatha i-meta-position"), okungukuthi, ungabi yingxenye yeqembu elilodwa enqubweni yokuxazulula. Uma kungenjalo, ukuba nomxazululi wangaphandle kusize isinqumo kuzoqinisa kuphela isikhundla seqembu elilodwa elilimaza elinye iqembu. Lapho wenza isinqumo, kubalulekile ukuthi samukelwe ngokokuziphatha yibo bonke abathintekayo, njengoba bethi, βkuthengiwe.β Ukuze, ngisho noma amaqembu ayengajabule ngesinqumo esithathiwe, okungenani avume ngobuqotho ukusifeza. Njengoba besho, ukukwazi ukungavumelani nokuzibophezela. Uma kungenjalo, ukungqubuzana kuzomane kushintshe ukubukeka kwayo, umlilo oshunqayo uzohlala ngaphansi kwe-peat bog futhi ngesikhathi esithile uzophinde uqhume futhi.
Iphuzu lesibili, ngokwengxenye elihlobene nelokuqala, ukuthi uma usuvele unqume ukubamba iqhaza ekuxazululeni ukungqubuzana, kuthathe ngokungathi sΓna ngangokunokwenzeka ngombono wokuxhumana nokufunda umongo. Khuluma mathupha neqembu ngalinye. Ngokuhlukana ngakunye, okokuqala. Ungalindi imeyili. Endabeni yeqembu elisabalalisiwe, okungenani khuluma ngesixhumanisi sevidiyo. Unganeliseki ngemibiko yenzwabethi kanye nofakazi bokuzibonela. Qonda indaba, ukuthi uhlangothi ngalunye lufunani, kungani luyifuna, yini abayilindele, bake bazama ukuxazulula lolu daba ngaphambili, kuzokwenzekani uma lungaxazululeki, yiziphi izixazululo abazibonayo, bacabanga kanjani isimo kolunye uhlangothi, bacabangani, okulungile noma okungalungile, njll. Layisha wonke umongo ekhanda lakho, ngomqondo ovulekile, uthatha ukuthi wonke umuntu ulungile. Awukho ngaphakathi kwengxabano, ungaphandle kwayo, ku-metaposition. Uma umongo utholakala kuphela kuchungechunge lokuthunyelwe, okungenani lufunde lonke kanye nemicu kanye nemibhalo ehlobene nalo. Ngemva kokuyifunda, qhubeka ukhuluma ngezwi lakho. Cishe uqinisekisiwe ukuthi uzozwa okuthile okubalulekile okungekho e-mail.
Iphuzu lesithathu elibalulekile yindlela ejwayelekile yokuxhumana. Lezi yizinto ezijwayelekile, akukho lutho lwe-cosmic, kodwa zibaluleke kakhulu. Asizami ukonga isikhathi, sikhuluma nabo bonke abahlanganyeli, asimgxeki umuntu, kodwa sicabangela imiphumela yezenzo zakhe (hhayi βudelelaβ, kodwa βmhlawumbe abafana bangase bacasuke le ntoβ), sinikeza ithuba lokusindisa ubuso, siqhuba izingxoxo mathupha, hhayi phambi komugqa.
Izingxabano ngokuvamile zibangelwa esinye sezizathu ezimbili. Eyokuqala ihlobene nokuthi umuntu ngesikhathi sokungqubuzana usesikhundleni somuntu omdala noma esikhundleni somntwana (ngaphezulu kulokhu ngezansi). Lokhu kungenxa yokuvuthwa kwakhe ngokomzwelo, ikhono lokuphatha imizwelo yakhe (okuyinto, ngendlela, engahlobene ngaso sonke isikhathi neminyaka yakhe). Isizathu sesibili esivamile ukungapheleli kwenqubo yomsebenzi, okudala izimo zezindawo ezimpunga lapho umthwalo wemfanelo usakazwa phakathi kwabahlanganyeli, okulindelwe yizinhlangothi akubonakali obala komunye nomunye, futhi izindima kule nqubo zifiphazwa.
Ngakho-ke, ekuxazululeni ukungqubuzana (kanye nanoma iyiphi enye indaba), umphathi kufanele akhumbule imibono emithathu: eyesikhashana - ukuxazulula inkinga/ingxabano lapha namanje, yesikhathi esimaphakathi - ukunciphisa amathuba okuba kube khona enye ingxabano equbukayo. ngesizathu esifanayo, futhi isikhathi eside - ukuhlakulela isiko omdala kumuntu weqembu.
Ngamunye wethu unengane yangaphakathi, cishe iminyaka emithathu noma emine ubudala. Isikhathi esiningi ulala emsebenzini, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi uyavuka azibambele mathupha. Ingane inezayo izinto eziza kuqala. Kubalulekile ukuba agcizelele ukuthi leli yibhokisi lakhe lesihlabathi, unina umthanda kakhulu, umshini wakhe ungcono kakhulu (umklamo ungcono kakhulu, uhlela okuhle kakhulu, ...). Esimeni sokungqubuzana, ingane ingacindezela amathoyizi, igxobe izinyawo zayo futhi iqhekeze i-spatula yayo, kodwa ayikwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga zabantu abadala (isixazululo sezakhiwo, izindlela zokuhlola okuzenzakalelayo, izinsuku zokukhululwa, njll.), ayicabangi mayelana nezinzuzo. okweqembu. Ingane exabene ingagqugquzelwa, iduduzwe futhi ilaliswe ngokuyicela ukuba ishayele umuntu omdala wayo ucingo. Ngaphambi kokuqala ingxoxo esimweni sokungqubuzana, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nomuntu omdala, hhayi ingane, nokuthi wena ngokwakho usesimweni somuntu omdala. Uma umgomo wakho oqotho njengamanje uwukuxazulula inkinga engathi sΓna, usesimweni somuntu omdala. Uma umgomo wakho uwukugxoba izinyawo zakho futhi uqhekeze ihlombe lakho, lesi yisimo somntwana. Thumela ingane yakho yangaphakathi ukuthi iyolala bese ubiza umuntu omdala, noma uhlele kabusha ingxoxo. Umuntu wenza isinqumo esingokomzwelo, bese ebheka isizathu esizwakalayo saso. Isinqumo esithathwe ingane esisekelwe ezintweni eziza kuqala ezinganeni ngeke sibe ngcono.
Ngaphandle kokuziphatha ngesikhathi sokungqubuzana, isikhundla somntwana noma somuntu omdala sibonakala ngezinga lomthwalo wemfanelo umuntu alungele ukuwenza. Ekubonakalisweni kwayo okwedlulele, isikhundla somntwana somhleli, engihlangane naso izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, sibukeka kanje: Ngibhale ikhodi, ngiyithumele ukuze ibuyekezwe - umsebenzi wami usuphelile. Ababuyekezi kufanele bayibuyekeze futhi bayigunyaze, i-QA kufanele iyihlole, uma kunezinkinga, bazongazisa. Ngokudabukisayo, ngisho nabantu abavuthiwe nabanolwazi ngezinye izikhathi baziphatha ngale ndlela. Esinye isiphetho sesikali ukuthi umuntu uzibheka njengomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhodi yakhe isebenza, ihlanganiswe izivivinyo, ihlolwe nguye mathupha, iphumelele ukubuyekezwa (uma kunesidingo, akukho nkinga yokuhlaziya ababuyekezi, ukuxoxa ngezinkinga. ngezwi, njll.) futhi icindezelwe , i-QA izohlinzeka ngosizo uma kunesidingo, izimo zokuhlola zizochazwa, njll. Ezimweni ezijwayelekile, umhleli uqala asondele ekugcineni kwesikali, noma aqhubekele lapho njengoba ezuza ulwazi (inqobo nje uma kutshalwa isiko elifanele ngaphakathi kweqembu). Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, uyaqhubeka nokusebenza, ngokuvamile ethatha isikhundla somntwana, khona-ke yena neqembu ngezikhathi ezithile banezinkinga nezingxabano.
Ukukhulisa isiko elilungile, elivuthiwe eqenjini kuwumsebenzi obalulekile kunoma yimuphi umphathi. Kuthatha isikhathi eside nomzamo wansuku zonke, kodwa umphumela uwufanele. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuthonya isiko leqembu - ukuhola ngesibonelo (okuzolandelwa nakanjani; ithimba lihlale libheke kumholi) futhi lixoxisane futhi livuze ukuziphatha okufanele. Akukho lutho olungaqondakali noma oluhlelekile kakhulu lapha, lapho nje uxoxa ngezinkinga, qaphela ukuthi bekungenzeka okuthile lapha, gcizelela ukuthi uqaphele lapho kunqunywa ngendlela efanele, indumiso, inothi ngesikhathi sokubuyekezwa kokukhululwa, njll.
Ake sicabangele izimo ezimbalwa ezivamile zokungqubuzana, kusukela kokulula kuye kokuyinkimbinkimbi:
Izingxabano ezingahlobene nezindaba zomsebenzi
Isikhathi esiningi kuba nezingxabano emsebenzini ezingahlangene nezindaba zomsebenzi. Ukwenzeka kwazo kanye nokuxazululeka kalula ngokuvamile kuhlobene ngokuqondile nezinga lokuhlakanipha ngokomzwelo kwabahlanganyeli, izinga labo lokuvuthwa, futhi akuhlobene nokuphelela noma ukungapheleli kwenqubo yomsebenzi.
Izibonelo ezijwayelekile: othile akawusebenzisi umshini wokuwasha noma ishawa kaningi ngokwanele, okuyinto abanye abangayithandi, othile uyacisha, kuyilapho abanye bethola umoya uma bevula iwindi, othile unomsindo kakhulu, futhi abanye badinga ukuthula ukuze basebenze, futhi njalonjalo. Kungcono ukuthi singabambezeli ukuxazululwa kwezingxabano zalolu hlobo futhi singabavumeli bathathe indawo yabo. Ngeke bazixazulule bodwa futhi bazokuphazamisa emsebenzini nsuku zonke bese befaka ubuthi eqenjini. Ngenhlanhla, ukuzixazulula ngokuvamile akuyona inkinga enkulu - vele ukhulume ngomoya ophansi (umuntu nomuntu, kunjalo) nozakwenu ongayinaki inhlanzeko, unikeze indawo yokuhlala ethokomele abantu abathanda ukuthula/ukuphola, abathenge ama-headphone abamunca umsindo noma bafake ama-partitions. , njll.
Esinye isibonelo engahlangana naso izikhathi eziningana phakathi nomsebenzi wami ukungahambelani ngokwengqondo kwamalungu eqembu. Ngesizathu esithile, abantu abakwazi ukusebenza ndawonye; konke ukusebenzelana kugcina ngehlazo. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kubangelwa iqiniso lokuthi abantu banemibono ehlukahlukene endabeni ethile ecindezelayo (imvamisa yezombangazwe) futhi abazi ukuthi bangayishiya kanjani ngaphandle komsebenzi. Ukubenza babekezelelane noma bashintshe ukuziphatha kwabo kuwumsebenzi oyize. Okuwukuphela kwento engihlangabezane nayo ngozakwethu abasebasha abanemibono evulekile; ukuziphatha kwabo kusengashintshwa kancane kancane ngezingxoxo ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokuvamile inkinga ixazululwa ngempumelelo ngokuwahlukanisa emaqenjini ahlukene, noma okungenani ukunikeza ithuba lokuhlangana emsebenzini kuyaqabukela.
Kuzo zonke izimo ezingenhla, kufanelekile ukukhuluma nabo bonke abahlanganyeli mathupha, ukuxoxisana ngalesi simo, ubuze ukuthi ngabe bayayibona yini inkinga kuleli cala, babuze ukuthi, ngokombono wabo, yiziphi izixazululo, futhi baqinisekise ukubamba iqhaza kwabo ekwenzeni lokhu. isinqumo.
Ngokombono wokuthuthukisa inqubo yomsebenzi (umbono wesikhathi esimaphakathi engiwushilo), akukho okuningi okungenziwa lapha; okuwukuphela kwephuzu lokuthuthukisa ukubheka isici sokuhambisana lapho kwakhiwa iqembu hhayi ukubeka abantu. ndawonye kusengaphambili ukuthi ubani ozongqubuzana.
Ngokombono wesiko leqembu, izimo ezinjalo zivela kancane kakhulu emaqenjini anamasiko akhulile, lapho abantu behlonipha iqembu nozakwabo futhi bazi ukuthi bangazixazulula kanjani izinkinga ngokuzimela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungqubuzana okunjalo kuxazululwa kalula kakhulu (ngokuvamile ngokuzenzekelayo) emaqenjini lapho kunezinga eliphezulu lokwethembana, abantu basebenze ndawonye isikhathi eside futhi/noma baxhumana njalo ngaphandle komsebenzi.
Izingxabano ezihlobene nezindaba zomsebenzi:
Izingxabano ezinjalo zivame ukubangelwa yizizathu zombili ngesikhathi esisodwa, kokubili ngokomzwelo (iqiniso lokuthi omunye wabahlanganyeli akekho esimweni somuntu omdala) kanye nokungapheleli kwenqubo yomsebenzi ngokwayo. Mhlawumbe uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokungqubuzana engihlangabezane nalo ukungqubuzana phakathi nokubuyekezwa kwekhodi noma izingxoxo zezakhiwo phakathi konjiniyela.
Ngizogqamisa amacala amabili ajwayelekile lapha:
1) Esimeni sokuqala, umthuthukisi akakwazi ukuthola ukubuyekezwa kwekhodi kosebenza naye. Isiqeshana sithunyelwa ukuze sibuyekezwe, futhi akwenzeki lutho. Uma uthi nhlΓ‘, akukho ukungqubuzana okusobala phakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili, kodwa uma ucabanga ngakho, lokhu kuwukungqubuzana impela. Udaba lomsebenzi aluxazululeki, omunye wabathintekayo (olinde ukubuyekezwa) uhlangabezana nokungakhululeki okusobala. I-subtype eyedlulele yaleli cala intuthuko emphakathini noma emaqenjini ahlukene, kuyilapho umbuyekezi engase angabi nentshisekelo kule khodi ethile, ngenxa yokulayisha noma ezinye izimo, angeke anake isicelo sokubuyekeza nhlobo, kanye nomxazululi wangaphandle. (umphathi ojwayelekile kuzo zombili izinhlangothi) ) kungenzeka angabi khona nhlobo.
Indlela yesixazululo esiza esimweni esinjalo ihlobene ngokunembile nombono wesikhathi eside, isiko lomuntu omdala. Okokuqala, umsebenzi ohlakaniphile uyasebenza. Akufanele ulindele ukuthi ikhodi elenga ekubuyekezweni izodonsa ukunaka kombuyekezi uqobo. Sidinga ukusiza ababuyekezi ukuthi bamqaphele. Pingani abantu abambalwa, buza umbuzo nge-syncape, iqhaza ezingxoxweni. Ngokusobala, ukungena ngemvume kungahle kube yingozi kunosizo, udinga ukusebenzisa ingqondo. Okwesibili, ukulungiselela kusengaphambili kusebenza kahle. Uma ithimba liqonda ukuthi kwenzekani nokuthi kungani, kungani le khodi idingeka nhlobo, umklamo uxoxiwe futhi wavunyelwana ngawo kusengaphambili nawo wonke umuntu, abantu bavame ukunaka ikhodi enjalo futhi bayamukele umsebenzi. Okwesithathu, igunya liyasebenza. Uma ufuna ukubuyekezwa, zenzele ukubuyekezwa okuningi. Yenza ukubuyekezwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu, ngokuhlolwa kwangempela, izivivinyo zangempela, namazwana awusizo. Uma isiteketiso sakho saziwa kakhulu eqenjini, maningi amathuba okuthi ikhodi yakho inakwe.
Ngokombono wokugeleza komsebenzi, ukuthuthukiswa okungenzeka lapha kuwukubeka phambili okulungile okuhloswe ukusiza umthuthukisi afinyelele izinjongo zakhe nezeqembu (buyekeza abanye, bhalela umphakathi izincwadi, zihambisane nekhodi enencazelo yezakhiwo, imibhalo, izivivinyo, ukubamba iqhaza ezingxoxweni no umphakathi, njll.), vimbela ama-patches ukuthi angalenga kulayini isikhathi eside, njalo njalo.
2) Icala lesibili elivamile lokungqubuzana phakathi nekhodi noma ukubuyekezwa kwedizayini imibono ehlukene ezindabeni zobuchwepheshe, isitayela sokubhala ikhodi, nokukhethwa kwamathuluzi. Okubaluleke kakhulu kuleli cala izinga lokwethembana phakathi kwabahlanganyeli, abaseqenjini elilodwa, nolwazi lokusebenza ndawonye. Ukuphela okufile kwenzeka lapho omunye wabahlanganyeli ethatha isikhundla somntwana futhi engazami ukuzwa lokho umxhumanisi ufuna ukumdlulisela kuye. Ngokuvamile, kokubili indlela ehlongozwa elinye iqembu nendlela ehlongozwayo ekuqaleni ingase isebenze ngempumelelo futhi akunandaba ukuthi iyiphi okufanele ikhethe.
Ngolunye usuku, umdwebi wezinhlelo ovela eqenjini lami (ake simbize ngokuthi uPasha) walungiselela isiqeshana esinezinguquko ohlelweni lokuthunyelwa kwephakheji, olwakhiwa futhi lwasekelwa ozakwabo bomnyango oseduze. Omunye wabo (u-Igor) wayenombono wakhe oqinile mayelana nokuthi izinsiza ze-Linux kufanele zimiswe kanjani lapho kuthunyelwa amaphakheji. Lo mbono wehlukile endleleni ehlongozwe kulesi siqeshana, futhi abakwazanga ukuvumelana. Njengenjwayelo, isikhathi esinqunyiwe sase siyaphela, futhi kwadingeka ukuba kuthathwe isinqumo esithile; kwakudingeka ukuthi omunye wabo athathe isikhundla somuntu omdala. U-Pasha waqaphela ukuthi zombili izindlela zinelungelo lokuphila, kodwa wayefuna ukhetho lwakhe ludlule, ngoba Ayikho inketho eyodwa noma yesibili eyaba nezinzuzo ezisobala zobuchwepheshe.
Ingxoxo yethu ibukeke kanje (ngokuhleleka okukhulu, kunjalo, ingxoxo yathatha isigamu sehora):
- Pasha, sinesici sokuqanda ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kubalulekile ukuthi sihlanganise yonke into futhi siqale ukuhlola ngokushesha okukhulu. Singadlula kanjani ku-Igor?
- Ufuna ukumisa izinsizakalo ngendlela ehlukile, wanamathela lapho kimi...
- Futhi yini ekhona, izinguquko ezinkulu, ingxabano enkulu?
- Cha, kunomsebenzi wamahora ambalwa, kodwa ekugcineni awukho umehluko, uzosebenza nganoma iyiphi indlela, kungani lokhu kudingekile? Ngenze into esebenzayo, asamukele.
- Lalela, unesikhathi esingakanani nixoxa ngakho konke lokhu?
- Yebo, sekuphele isonto nesigamu simaka isikhathi.
- Um... singayixazulula inkinga emahoreni ambalwa osekuvele kuthathe isonto nesigamu, singakwenzi?
- Yebo, yebo, kodwa angifuni u-Igor acabange ukuthi ngingene ...
- Lalela, yini ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe, ukukhipha ukukhululwa, kanye nesinqumo sakho ngaphakathi, noma ukubulala u-Igor? Singakuvimba, kodwa-ke, kunethuba elihle lokundiza ngokukhipha.
- Hhayi-ke ... kungaba kuhle, yebo, ukusula ikhala lika-Igor, kodwa kulungile, ukukhululwa kubaluleke kakhulu, ngiyavuma.
- Ingabe kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe lokho u-Igor akucabangayo? Ukukhuluma iqiniso, akakuniki lutho nhlobo, ufuna nje indlela ebumbene ezindaweni ezahlukene zento abhekene nayo.
- Awu, kulungile, ake ngenze njengoba ebuza kumazwana futhi ake siqale ukuhlola.
- Ngiyabonga, Pasha! Benginesiqiniseko sokuthi nina nobabili nizobe nivuthiwe, nakuba u-Igorek emdala kunani :)
Udaba lwaxazululwa, ukukhululwa kwakhululwa ngesikhathi, uPasha akazange azizwe enganeliseki kakhulu, ngoba yena ngokwakhe waphakamisa isixazululo futhi wasisebenzisa. U-Igor wayejabule kakhulu, ngoba ... Umbono wakhe wacatshangelwa futhi benza njengokusho kwakhe.
Olunye uhlobo lokungqubuzana okufanayo ukukhetha phakathi kwezixazululo zobuchwepheshe/amalabhulali/izindlela kuphrojekthi, ikakhulukazi eqenjini elisabalalisiwe. Kwenye yamaphrojekthi, eyayibekwe njengesebenzisa i-C/C++, kwavela ukuthi ukuphathwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwephrojekthi kwakuphambene kakhulu nokusebenzisa i-STL (Standard Template Library). Lona umtapo wolwazi ojwayelekile owenza intuthuko ibe lula, futhi ithimba lethu likujwayele kakhulu. Kuvele ukuthi iphrojekthi isondele kakhulu ku-C kune-C ++, engazange ilikhuthaze kakhulu iqembu, ngoba abaphathi bazame konke okusemandleni abo futhi baqashe abadlali abapholile ngempela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingxenye yaseMelika yeqembu, kokubili onjiniyela nabaphathi, basebenze enkampanini isikhathi eside, babejwayele isimo esikhona, futhi bajabule ngakho konke. Ingxenye yeqembu laseRussia ihlanganiswe maduze nje, phakathi namasonto ambalwa (kuhlanganise nami). Ingxenye yaseRussia yeqembu yayingafuni ukuyeka indlela evamile yokuthuthukiswa.
Izingxoxo ezibhaliwe ezingapheli zaqala phakathi kwamazwekazi amabili, izincwadi ezikrinini ezintathu noma ezine zandizela emuva naphambili, ngama-imeyili eqembu kanye nawomuntu siqu, ukusuka kubahleli bezinhlelo kuya kubahleli bezinhlelo nabaphathi. Njengoba kuvamise ukuba njalo, izincwadi ezilobu bude azifundwanga muntu ngaphandle kwababhali nabasekeli babo abashisekayo. Izingxoxo zaqala ukushuba, kudlula imicabango yezikrini eziningi ngezindlela ezihlukene mayelana nezinzuzo zobuchwepheshe ze-STL, ukuthi ihlolwe kahle kangakanani, iphephe kangakanani, futhi ngokujwayelekile, impilo imnandi kangakanani nayo, nokuthi kubi kangakanani ngaphandle kwayo. .
Konke lokhu kwathatha isikhathi eside, kwaze kwaba yilapho ekugcineni ngabona ukuthi sasixoxa ngezici zezobuchwepheshe zalolu daba, kodwa inkinga empeleni yayingekho ubuchwepheshe. Inkinga akuzona izinzuzo noma ukungalungi kwe-STL noma ubunzima bokusebenza ngaphandle kwayo. Inkinga kunalokho imayelana nenhlangano. Besidinga nje ukuqonda ukuthi inkampani esiyisebenzelayo isebenza kanjani. Akekho kithi owayenolwazi lokusebenza enkampanini enjalo ngaphambili. Into yayiwukuthi ngemva kokuba ikhodi ithuthukiswe futhi ikhishwe ekukhiqizeni, ukusekelwa kwakusingathwa abantu abahluke ngokuphelele kwamanye amaqembu, abavela kwamanye amazwe. Leli qembu elikhulu lonjiniyela lamashumi ezinkulungwane ezimbalwa zonjiniyela (ingqikithi) lalingakwazi kuphela ukukhokhela ubuncane obuyisisekelo bezindlela zobuchwepheshe, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, ubuncane be-minimorum. Noma yini eye yadlula izinga lobunjiniyela elisungulwe enkampanini ngokomzimba ayikwazanga ukusekelwa ngokuzayo. Izinga leqembu linqunywa izinga lamalungu alo abuthaka kakhulu. Ngemva kokuba sesizwile ugqozi lwangempela izenzo zengxenye yeqembu laseMelika, lolu daba lwasuswa ku-ajenda, futhi ngokubambisana sathuthukisa ngempumelelo futhi sakhulula umkhiqizo sisebenzisa izindinganiso ezithathwe inkampani. Izincwadi nezingxoxo kuleli cala akusebenzanga kahle; kuthathe uhambo oluningi kanye nokuxhumana okuningi komuntu siqu ukuze kufike endaweni efanayo.
Ngokombono wokuhamba komsebenzi, kulokhu, kungasiza ukuba nencazelo yamathuluzi asetshenzisiwe, izidingo zawo, imingcele yokwengeza amasha, kanye nokuthethelelwa kwemikhawulo enjalo. Imibhalo enjalo icishe ifane naleyo echazwe ezigabeni Sebenzisa Kabusha Isu kanye Nendawo Yokuthuthukisa βyebhukwana Lomphathi Lokuthuthukiswa Kwesoftwareβ, elakhiwe ngo. . Naphezu kweminyaka yayo, ichaza kahle yonke imisebenzi eyinhloko nezigaba zokuhlela zokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe yalolu hlobo. Ukuba nemibhalo efana nalena kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuxoxa ngokuthi yiziphi izingxenye nezindlela ezingasetshenziswa emkhiqizweni, nokuthi kungani.
Ngokombono wamasiko, ngokusobala, ngesikhundla esivuthiwe, lapho amaqembu azama ukuzwa nokuqonda isisusa sangempela sezenzo zozakwabo futhi enze ngokusekelwe ezintweni eziza kuqala zephrojekthi kanye neqembu, hhayi i-ego yomuntu siqu. , ukungqubuzana bekuzoxazululwa kalula futhi ngokushesha.
Kwesinye ukungqubuzana ngokukhethwa kwesixazululo sezobuchwepheshe, kwangithatha isikhathi esiphawulekayo ukuqonda isisusa somunye wamaqembu (kwakuyicala elingavamile kakhulu), kodwa ngemva kokuba isisusa sicacile, isisombululo sasisobala.
Isimo yilesi: unjiniyela omusha uvela eqenjini labantu abangaba ngu-20, masimbize ngo-Stas. Ngaleso sikhathi, ithuluzi lethu elijwayelekile lokuxhumana njengeqembu kwakuyi-Skype. Njengoba kwenzeka kamuva, i-Stas yayingumlandeli omkhulu wezindinganiso ezivulekile nesofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile, futhi yasebenzisa amathuluzi nezinhlelo zokusebenza kuphela imithombo yayo eyayitholakala esidlangalaleni futhi eyayisebenzisa izivumelwano ezichazwe esidlangalaleni. I-Skype ayilona lalawa mathuluzi. Sichithe isikhathi esiningi sixoxa ngezinzuzo nezinkinga zale ndlela, sizama ukwethula ama-analogue e-Skype ezinhlelweni ezihlukene zokusebenza, imizamo ye-Stas yokukholisa iqembu ukuthi lishintshele kwezinye izindinganiso, limbhalele mathupha ngeposi, limshayele yena mathupha ifoni, umthengele ikhompuyutha yesibili ngokukhethekile i-Skype, njll. Ekugcineni, ngabona ukuthi le nkinga, empeleni, ayiyona ezobuchwepheshe noma yenhlangano, kunalokho i-ideological, ngisho, umuntu angase athi, ezenkolo (for Stas). Ngisho noma ekugcineni sixhume i-Stas ne-Skype (okuthathe izinyanga ezimbalwa), inkinga izophinde iphakame kunoma iyiphi insimbi elandelayo. Ngangingenazo izindlela zangempela enganginazo zokushintsha umbono we-Stas, futhi sasingekho isizathu sokuzama ukuguqula umbono weqembu elalisebenza ngokuphelele kule ndawo. Umuntu kanye nenkampani babemane be-orthogonal ekubukeni kwabo komhlaba. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isisombululo esihle siwukuhlela. Sadlulisela u-Stas kwelinye iqembu, lapho ayengumuntu ophilayo.
Isizathu salokhu kungqubuzana, ngokubona kwami, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwesiko lomuntu siqu lomuntu othile (onombono oqinile ongamvumeli ukuba ayekethise) kanye nesiko lenkampani. Kulokhu, kuyiphutha lomphathi. Kwaqale kwaba yiphutha ukumyisa emsebenzini walolu hlobo. I-Stas yagcina ithuthele kuphrojekthi yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile futhi yaphumelela lapho.
Isibonelo esihle sokungqubuzana okubangelwa kokubili isimo sengqondo sobungane sikanjiniyela kanye nokushiyeka kwenqubo yomsebenzi isimo lapho, ngaphandle kwencazelo yokwenziwa, umthuthukisi kanye nethimba le-QA banokulindela okuhlukile mayelana nokulungela isici sidluliselwe ku-QA. Umthuthukisi ukholelwa ukuthi kwanele ukubhala ikhodi futhi aphonse isici phezu kocingo ku-QA - bazoyixazulula lapho. Umqambi ovuthiwe futhi onolwazi, ngendlela, kodwa lokho bekuwumkhawulo wakhe wangaphakathi wekhwalithi. U-QA akavumelananga nalokhu wafuna ukubabonisa futhi abachazele lokho ayezihlole yena, wabe esefuna incwadi yokuhlola kubo. Bake baba nezinkinga ngokusebenza okuvela kulo njiniyela esikhathini esidlule futhi abafunanga ukumosha isikhathi sabo futhi. Ngendlela, babeqinisile - isici asizange sisebenze ngempela, akazange ahlole ikhodi ngaphambi kokuyithumela ku-QA.
Ukuze ngixazulule lesi simo, ngamcela ukuthi angibonise ukuthi yonke into yayisebenza ngempela (ayizange isebenze, futhi kwakudingeka ayilungise), saxoxa neqembu kanye nencazelo ye-QA yokwenza (abazange baphumelele ukubhala, ngoba besingafuni ukwenza inqubo ibe yi-bureaucratic kakhulu ), kuhle, ngokushesha sahlukana nalo chwepheshe (ekusizeni okuvamile).
Ngokombono wokuhamba komsebenzi, intuthuko engenzeka kuleli cala iwukuba khona kwencazelo yokwenza, izimfuneko zokusekelwa kwesici ngasinye seyunithi nokuhlolwa kokuhlanganiswa, kanye nencazelo yokuhlola okwenziwa umthuthukisi. Komunye wamaphrojekthi, silinganise izinga lokufakwa kwekhodi ngokuhlolwa ngesikhathi se-CI futhi uma izinga lokumboza lehla ngemva kokwengeza isiqeshana, izivivinyo zimakwe njengezihlulekile, i.e. noma iyiphi ikhodi entsha ibingengezwa kuphela uma bekukhona ukuhlolwa okusha kwayo.
Esinye isibonelo esijwayelekile sokungqubuzana okuhlobene eduze nenhlangano yenqubo yomsebenzi. Sinomkhiqizo, ithimba lokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo, ithimba labasekeli, kanye nekhasimende. Ikhasimende linezinkinga ngomkhiqizo kanye nosekelo loxhumana nabo. Usekelo luhlaziya inkinga futhi luyaqonda ukuthi inkinga isemkhiqizweni bese ludlulisela inkinga ethimbeni lomkhiqizo. Ithimba lomkhiqizo lisesikhathini esimatasa, ukukhululwa kuyeza, ngakho ithikithi elinenkinga evela kukhasimende, elilahlekile phakathi kwamanye amathikithi onjiniyela elinikezwe kuye, lilenga amasonto ambalwa ngaphandle kokunakwa. Usekelo lucabanga ukuthi unjiniyela usebenza ngenkinga yekhasimende. Ikhasimende liyalinda futhi linethemba lokuthi inkinga yalo iyasetshenzwa. Eqinisweni, akukho okwenzekayo okwamanje. Ngemva kwamaviki ambalwa, ikhasimende ligcina linquma ukuba nentshisekelo ngenqubekelaphambili futhi licele ukusekela ukuthi izinto zihamba kanjani. Usekelo lucela intuthuko. Unjiniyela uyaqhaqhazela, abheke uhlu lwamathikithi futhi athole ithikithi elivela kukhasimende lapho. Efunda ithikithi ekhasimendeni, uyaqonda ukuthi alukho ulwazi olwanele lokuxazulula inkinga, futhi udinga izingodo ezengeziwe kanye nokulahla. Usekelo lucela ulwazi olwengeziwe ekhasimendeni. Bese kuthi ikhasimende libone ukuthi akekho obesebenzela inkinga yakhe sonke lesi sikhathi. Futhi ukuduma kuzoshaya...
Kulesi simo, isixazululo sokungqubuzana ngokwaso sisobala futhi siqondile (lungisa umkhiqizo, buyekeza imibhalo kanye nokuhlolwa, ushweleze ikhasimende, khulula i-hotfix, njll.). Kubalulekile ukuhlaziya inqubo yomsebenzi futhi uqonde ukuthi ubani onesibopho sokuhlela ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamaqembu amabili, nokuthi kungani lesi simo senzeka kwasekuqaleni. Kuyacaca ukuthi yini okufanele ilungiswe kule nqubo - othile kufanele aqaphe sonke isithombe ngaphandle kwezikhumbuzi ezivela kumakhasimende, ngokuqhubekayo. Amathikithi avela kukhasimende kufanele avelele phakathi kwamanye amathikithi avela konjiniyela. Ukusekela kufanele kubone ukuthi ithimba lokuthuthukisa okwamanje lisebenza ngamathikithi alo, futhi uma kungenjalo, lingaqala nini ukusebenza, nokuthi imiphumela ingalindelwa nini. Ukwesekwa nokuthuthukiswa kufanele kuxhumane ngezikhathi ezithile futhi kuxoxisane ngesimo samathikithi, ukuqoqwa kolwazi oludingekayo ukuze kulungiswe iphutha kufanele kube okuzenzakalelayo ngangokunokwenzeka, njll.
Njengoba nje empini isitha sizama ukushaya lapho kuhlangana khona amayunithi amabili, ngakho-ke emsebenzini iphuzu elibucayi nelisengozini ngokuvamile ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaqembu. Uma abaphathi bokusekela nokuthuthukiswa bebadala ngokwanele, bazokwazi ukulungisa inqubo ngokwabo, uma kungenjalo, inqubo izoqhubeka idala izingxabano nezinkinga kuze kube yilapho umphathi engenelela ongakwazi ukulungisa isimo.
Esinye isibonelo engisibone kaningi ezinkampanini ezahlukene yisimo lapho umkhiqizo ubhalwa yiqembu elilodwa, ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo kokuhlanganiswa kwawo kubhalwa ithimba lesibili, kanye nengqalasizinda okusetshenzwa phezu kwayo kuphelezelwa okwesithathu. iqembu. Izinkinga lapho ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo kuphakama ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi imbangela yezinkinga kuzo ingaba kokubili umkhiqizo kanye nokuhlolwa nengqalasizinda. Ngokuvamile kuba yinkinga ukuvumelana ngokuthi ubani okufanele enze ukuhlaziya kokuqala kwezinkinga, iziphazamisi zamafayela, amalogi okuhlaziya omkhiqizo, izivivinyo nengqalasizinda, njll. Izingxabano lapha zivame kakhulu, futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, umfaniswano. Endabeni yomfutho ophakeme womzwelo, ababambiqhaza bavame ukuwela esimweni sobungane futhi izingxoxo ziqala ochungechungeni: "kungani kufanele ngicabange ngalokhu," "baphuka kaningi," njll.
Ngokombono wokugeleza komsebenzi, izinyathelo ezithile zokuxazulula inkinga zincike ekwakhiweni kwamaqembu, uhlobo lokuhlola nomkhiqizo, njll. Komunye wamaphrojekthi, sethule umsebenzi wezikhathi ezithile, lapho amathimba aqapha ukuhlolwa ngakunye ngesikhathi, isonto nesonto. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlaziya kokuqala kwakwenziwa njalo ngabathuthukisi bokuhlola, kodwa ukuhlaziywa kwakuyisisekelo kakhulu futhi umkhiqizo wawuzinzile impela, ngakho wawusebenza kahle. Okubalulekile wukuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo isobala, ukuthi okulindelekile kucacile kubo bonke abathintekayo, nokuthi isimo sizwakala sinobulungiswa kuwo wonke umuntu.
Ingabe ukungqubuzana kuyinkinga nasenhlanganweni? Ingabe kuwuphawu olubi ukuthi izingxabano ngokuvamile (noma ngezikhathi ezithile) zenzeka eqenjini lakho? Ngokuvamile, cha, ngoba uma kukhona ukukhula, ukuthuthukiswa, kukhona uhlobo oluthile lwe-dynamics, bese kuvela izinkinga ezingakaze zixazululwe ngaphambili, futhi lapho ukuzixazulula, kungase kuphakame izingxabano. Lokhu kuyinkomba yokuthi ezinye izindawo zidinga ukunakwa, ukuthi kunezindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe. Kubi uma izingxabano zivela kaningi, kunzima ukuzixazulula noma kuthatha isikhathi eside. Lokhu cishe kuwuphawu lwezinqubo zomsebenzi ezingahlelwanga ngokwanele kanye nokungavuthwa okwanele kwethimba.
Source: www.habr.com