Siyabonga kumbhali webhulogi ngombiko wakhe
Isingeniso
Leli nothi libhalwe ngemuva kwengqungquthela futhi iqukethe isifinyezo sombiko engiwunikezile. Lesi senzakalo senzeka ngoJuni eSt. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi ngisebenza endaweni yengqungquthela, angikwazanga ukuzibamba kodwa ngihambele lo mcimbi. Ngo-2016 no-2017, ngalalela imibiko yenkomfa, futhi kulo nyaka ngethula isethulo. Okokuqala, isihloko esithakazelisayo (esibonakala kimi) sivele, esithuthukisa ngaso , futhi okwesibili, ngemva kocwaningo olude lomthetho we-Russian Federation mayelana nenqubomgomo yezonswinyo, ebhizinisini engisebenza kulo, kwavela amalayisense amabili. .
Ngaphambi kokudlulela esihlokweni senkulumo yami, ngithanda ukuphawula ukuhleleka okuhle komcimbi. Ikhasi lokuvakashela lenkomfa lisebenzisa isithombe seKazan Cathedral. Ihholo lombhishobhi lingenye yezindawo ezikhangayo eSt.
Emnyango we-St. Petersburg State Economic University, abahlanganyeli bahlangatshezwa ngabasizi abavela phakathi kwabafundi - abazange bavumele ukuba balahleke. Ngesikhathi sokubhaliswa, kwanikezwa izikhumbuzo ezincane (ithoyizi - isipikhi esikhanyayo, ipeni, izitika ezinezimpawu zeWolfram). Ikhefu lesidlo sasemini nelekhofi nalo lifakiwe ohlelweni lwengqungquthela. Sengikuphawulile kakade ngekhofi elimnandi namaphayi odongeni lweqembu - abapheki bahle. Ngale ngxenye yesingeniso, ngithanda ukugcizelela ukuthi umcimbi ngokwawo, ukuhleleka kwawo kanye nendawo okukuyo kakade kuletha imizwa eyakhayo.
Umbiko olungiswe yimina no-Kirill Belov ubizwa ngokuthi “Ukusebenzisa i-Wolfram Mathematica ukuxazulula izinkinga ekusetshenzisweni kwe-geophysics. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Spectral kwedatha ye-seismic noma "lapho kwakungena khona imifula yasendulo." Okuqukethwe kombiko kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili: okokuqala, ukusetshenziswa kwama-algorithms atholakalayo ukuze kuhlaziywe idatha ye-geophysical, futhi okwesibili, lena indlela yokufaka idatha ye-geophysical ku-Wolfram Mathematica.
Ukuhlola kokuzamazama komhlaba
Okokuqala udinga ukwenza uhambo olufushane ku-geophysics. I-Geophysics isayensi efunda izici ezibonakalayo zamadwala. Nokho, njengoba amadwala anezakhiwo ezahlukene: ugesi, uzibuthe, u-elastic, kunezindlela ezihambisanayo ze-geophysics: ukuhlola ugesi, ukuhlola amandla kazibuthe, ukuhlola i-seismic ... Ngomongo walesi sihloko, sizoxoxa kuphela ngokuhlola kwe-seismic ngokuningiliziwe. Ukuhlola i-Seismic kuyindlela eyinhloko yokucinga uwoyela negesi. Indlela isekelwe ekusaseni kokudlidliza okunwebekayo kanye nokurekhodwa okulandelayo kwempendulo evela emadwaleni ahlanganisa indawo yocwaningo. Ukudlidliza kuyajabulisa emhlabeni (ngemithombo ye-dynamite noma engaqhumi yokudlidliza okunwebekayo) noma olwandle (ngezibhamu zomoya). Ukudlidliza okunwebekayo kubhebhetheka phakathi kwe-rock mass, kuphindiwe futhi kubonakale emingceleni yezendlalelo ezinezakhiwo ezahlukene. Amagagasi alindisiwe abuyela phezulu futhi aqoshwa ama-geophones emhlabeni (imvamisa amadivaysi e-electrodynamic asekelwe ekuhambeni kukazibuthe omiswe kukhoyili) noma ama-hydrophone olwandle (ngokusekelwe kumphumela we-piezoelectric). Ngesikhathi sokufika kwamagagasi, umuntu angahlulela ukujula kwezingqimba ze-geological.
Imishini yokudonsa umkhumbi wokuzamazama komhlaba
Isibhamu somoya sivusa ukudlidliza okunwebekayo
Amagagasi adlula ku-rock mass futhi aqoshwa ngama-hydrophone
Umkhumbi wocwaningo lwe-Geophysical survey "Ivan Gubkin" endaweni yokudoba eduze neBlagoveshchensky Bridge eSt.
Imodeli yesignali yokuzamazama komhlaba
Amadwala anezakhiwo ezahlukene zomzimba. Ekuhloleni kokuzamazama komhlaba, izakhiwo ezinwebekayo zibaluleke kakhulu - isivinini sokusakazeka kokudlidliza okunwebekayo kanye nokuminyana. Uma izendlalelo ezimbili zinezakhiwo ezifanayo noma ezifanayo, khona-ke igagasi "ngeke liqaphele" umngcele phakathi kwazo. Uma isivinini samagagasi ezendlalelo sihluka, khona-ke ukubonakaliswa kuzokwenzeka emngceleni wezingqimba. Uma umehluko omkhulu wezakhiwo, ukubonakaliswa okukhulu kakhulu. Ukuqina kwayo kuzonqunywa i-refleance coefficient (rc):
lapho u-ρ kuwukuminyana kwamatshe, ν isivinini samagagasi, u-1 no-2 abonisa izendlalelo ezingaphezulu nezingaphansi.
Enye yamamodeli wesignali yokuzamazama komhlaba alula futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu imodeli ye-convolution, lapho umkhondo wokuzamazama komhlaba orekhodiwe umelelwa njengomphumela wokuguqulwa kokulandelana kwamakhoefiyanti abonisayo nge-pulse ehlolayo:
kuphi (t) - umkhondo wokuzamazama komhlaba, i.e. yonke into eyaqoshwa i-hydrophone noma i-geophone ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe sokurekhoda, w(t) - isignali ekhiqizwa isibhamu somoya, n(t) - Umsindo ongahleliwe.
Ake sibale umkhondo wokuzamazama komhlaba wokwenziwa njengesibonelo. Sizosebenzisa i-Ricker pulse, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhloleni kwe-seismic, njengesignali yokuqala.
length=0.050; (*Signal lenght*)
dt=0.001;(*Sample rate of signal*)
t=Range[-length/2,(length)/2,dt];(*Signal time*)
f=35;(*Central frequency*)
wavelet=(1.0-2.0*(Pi^2)*(f^2)*(t^2))*Exp[-(Pi^2)*(f^2)*(t^2)];
ListLinePlot[wavelet, Frame->True,PlotRange->Full,Filling->Axis,PlotStyle->Black,
PlotLabel->Style["Initial wavelet",Black,20],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic],
FillingStyle->{White,Black},ImageSize->Large,InterpolationOrder->2]Umfutho wokuqala wokuzamazama komhlaba
Sizobeka imingcele emibili ekujuleni kuka-300 ms no-600 ms, futhi ama-coefficients abonisayo azoba izinombolo ezingahleliwe.
rcExample=ConstantArray[0,1000];
rcExample[[300]]=RandomReal[{-1,0}];
rcExample[[600]]=RandomReal[{0,1}];
ListPlot[rcExample,Filling->0,Frame->True,Axes->False,PlotStyle->Black,
PlotLabel->Style["Reflection Coefficients",Black,20],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic]]Ukulandelana kwama-coefficients okubonisa
Masibale futhi sibonise umkhondo wokuzamazama komhlaba. Njengoba ama-coefficients abonisayo anezimpawu ezihlukile, sithola izithombe ezimbili ezishintshanayo ekulandeleni kokuzamazama komhlaba.
traceExamle=ListConvolve[wavelet[[1;;;;1]],rcExample];
ListPlot[traceExamle,
PlotStyle->Black,Filling->0,Frame->True,Axes->False,
PlotLabel->Style["Seismic trace",Black,20],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic]]Ithrekhi yokulingisa
Kulesi sibonelo, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukubhuka - empeleni, ukujula kwezingqimba kunqunywa, yiqiniso, ngamamitha, futhi ukubalwa komkhondo wokuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka ngenxa yesizinda sesikhathi. Kungaba okulungile kakhulu ukusetha ukujula ngamamitha futhi ubale izikhathi zokufika wazi ama-velocities ezendlalelo. Kulokhu, ngibeka ngokushesha izendlalelo ku-axis yesikhathi.
Uma sikhuluma ngocwaningo lwasensimini, khona-ke ngenxa yalokho okubonwayo inani elikhulu lochungechunge lwesikhathi olufanayo (i-seismic traces) lirekhodwa. Isibonelo, lapho ufunda isayithi elingamakhilomitha angu-25 ubude no-15 km ububanzi, lapho, ngenxa yomsebenzi, umkhondo ngamunye ubonisa iseli elingamamitha angu-25x25 (iseli elinjalo libizwa ngokuthi umgqomo), uhlu lokugcina lwedatha luzoqukatha imikhondo engu-600000. Ngesikhathi sesampula se-1 ms nesikhathi sokurekhoda samasekhondi angu-5, ifayela lokugcina ledatha lizoba ngaphezu kwe-11 GB, futhi umthamo wezinto zokuqala "eziluhlaza" zingaba amakhulu amagigabhayithi.
Indlela yokusebenza nabo ?
Iphakheji
Ukuthuthukiswa kwephakheji kwaqala odongeni lwe-VK lweqembu labasekeli abakhuluma isiRashiya. Ngenxa yezimpendulo zomphakathi, isixazululo satholakala ngokushesha okukhulu. Futhi ngenxa yalokho, yakhula yaba intuthuko engathi sína. Okuhambisanayo Yaze yamakwa omengameli. Njengamanje, iphakheji isekela ukusebenza nezinhlobo zedatha ezilandelayo ezisetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo embonini yokwakheka komhlaba:
- ukungeniswa kwedatha yemephu ngefomethi ye-ZMAP ne-IRAP
- ukungeniswa kwezilinganiso emithonjeni yefomethi ye-LAS
- okokufaka nokuphumayo kwefomethi yamafayela e-seismic
Ukufaka iphakheji, kufanele ulandele imiyalelo ekhasini lokulanda lephakheji elihlanganisiwe, i.e. sebenzisa ikhodi elandelayo kunoma iyiphi :
If[PacletInformation["GeologyIO"] === {}, PacletInstall[URLDownload[
"https://wolfr.am/FiQ5oFih",
FileNameJoin[{CreateDirectory[], "GeologyIO-0.2.2.paclet"}]
]]]Ngemuva kwalokho iphakheji izofakwa kufolda ezenzakalelayo, indlela engatholwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
FileNameJoin[{$UserBasePacletsDirectory, "Repository"}]Njengesibonelo, sizobonisa amakhono ayinhloko wephakheji. Ucingo lwenziwa ngokwesiko kumaphakheji ngolimi lweWolfram:
Get["GeologyIO`"]Iphakheji ithuthukiswa kusetshenziswa . Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uhambisane nokusebenza okuyinhloko kwephakheji ngemibhalo, okuthi ngokwefomethi yokwethulwa kungahlukani nemibhalo yeWolfram Mathematica uqobo, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngephakheji ngamafayela okuhlola omuntu omaziyo wokuqala.
Ifayela elinjalo, ikakhulukazi, ifayela elithi "Marmousi.segy" - lena imodeli yokwenziwa yesigaba sokwakheka komhlaba, esakhiwe yi-French Petroleum Institute. Besebenzisa le modeli, abathuthukisi bahlola ama-algorithms abo okulinganisa insimu yamagagasi, ukucutshungulwa kwedatha, inversion ye-seismic trace, njll. Imodeli ye-Marmousi ngokwayo igcinwa endaweni yokugcina lapho iphakheji ngokwalo yalandwa khona. Ukuze uthole ifayela, sebenzisa ikhodi elandelayo:
If[Not[FileExistsQ["Marmousi.segy"]],
URLDownload["https://wolfr.am/FiQGh7rk", "Marmousi.segy"];]
marmousi = SEGYImport["Marmousi.segy"]Ngenisa umphumela - into ye-SEGYData
Ifomethi ye-SEGY ibandakanya ukugcina ulwazi oluhlukahlukene mayelana nokubhekwa. Okokuqala, lawa amazwi ombhalo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ulwazi mayelana nendawo yomsebenzi, amagama ezinkampani ezenze izilinganiso, njll. Esimweni sethu, lesi sihloko sibizwa ngesicelo ngokhiye we-TextHeader. Nasi isihloko sombhalo esifushanisiwe:
Short[marmousi["TextHeader"]]“Isethi yedatha ye-Marmousi yakhiqizwa eSikhungweni ...isivinini esincane esingu-1500 m/s kanye nesilinganiso esiphezulu esingu-5500 m/s)”
Ungabonisa imodeli yangempela yokwakheka komhlaba ngokufinyelela ukulandelelwa kokuzamazama komhlaba usebenzisa ukhiye othi “traces” (esinye sezici zephakheji ukuthi okhiye abazweli kumacala):
ArrayPlot[Transpose[marmousi["traces"]], PlotTheme -> "Detailed"]Imodeli kaMarmous
Njengamanje, iphakheji iphinde ikuvumela ukuthi ulayishe idatha ezingxenyeni ezivela kumafayela amakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukucubungula amafayela usayizi wawo ongafinyelela amashumi amagigabhayithi. Imisebenzi yephakheji iphinde ihlanganise nemisebenzi yokuthekelisa idatha ku-.segy kanye nokuhlanganisa ingxenye ekupheleni kwefayela.
Ngokwehlukana, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukusebenza kwephakheji lapho usebenza nesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi samafayela we-.segy. Njengoba ikuvumela ukuthi ungagcini nje ngokufinyelela ukulandelelwa komuntu ngamunye kanye nezihloko usebenzisa okhiye nezinkomba, kodwa futhi ukuzishintsha bese uzibhala efayeleni. Imininingwane eminingi yobuchwepheshe yokusetshenziswa kwe-GeologyIO ingaphezu kobubanzi balesi sihloko futhi idinga incazelo ehlukile.
Ukuhambisana kokuhlaziywa kwe-spectral ekuhloleni kwe-seismic
Ikhono lokungenisa idatha yokuzamazama komhlaba ku-Wolfram Mathematica likuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ukusebenza kwesignali eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ukuze uthole idatha yokuhlola. Njengoba umkhondo wokuzamazama komhlaba ngamunye umele uchungechunge lwesikhathi, elinye lamathuluzi ayinhloko wokuwafunda ukuhlaziya okubonwayo. Phakathi kwezimfuneko zokuhlaziya ukwakheka kwemvamisa yedatha yokuzamazama komhlaba, singabala, isibonelo, lokhu okulandelayo:
- Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagagasi zibonakala ngokubunjwa kwamafrikhwensi ahlukene. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ugqamise amagagasi awusizo futhi ucindezele amaza okuphazamisa.
- Izakhiwo zamadwala ezifana ne-porosity nokugcwala kwamanzi zingathinta ukwakheka kwemvamisa. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlonza amatshe anezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu.
- Izendlalelo ezinogqinsi oluhlukene zibangela okudidayo kububanzi obuhlukahlukene befrikhwensi.
Iphuzu lesithathu yilo eliyinhloko kumongo walesi sihloko. Ngezansi isiqeshana sekhodi sokubala ukulandelelwa kokuzamazama komhlaba esimweni sesendlalelo esinogqinsi oluhlukahlukene - imodeli ye-wedge. Le modeli ngokwesiko icwaningwa ekuhloleni kwe-seismic ukuze kuhlaziywe imiphumela yokuphazamiseka lapho amagagasi avela ezingqimbeni eziningi ebekwe phezulu kwelinye.
nx=200;(* Number of grid points in X direction*)
ny=200;(* Number of grid points in Y direction*)
T=2;(*Total propagation time*)
(*Velocity and density*)
modellv=Table[4000,{i,1,ny},{j,1,nx}];(* P-wave velocity in m/s*)
rho=Table[2200,{i,1,ny},{j,1,nx}];(* Density in g/cm^3, used constant density*)
Table[modellv[[150-Round[i*0.5];;,i]]=4500;,{i,1,200}];
Table[modellv[[;;70,i]]=4500;,{i,1,200}];
(*Plotting model*)
MatrixPlot[modellv,PlotLabel->Style["Model of layer",Black,20],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic]]Imodeli yokwakheka kwe-pinch-out
Isivinini samagagasi ngaphakathi kweweji singu-4500 m/s, ngaphandle kwe-wedge engu-4000 m/s, futhi ukuminyana kucatshangwa ukuthi kuhlala ku-2200 g/cm³. Kumodeli enjalo, sibala ama-coefficients wokubonisa kanye nokulandela ukuzamazama komhlaba.
rc=Table[N[(modellv[[All,i]]-PadLeft[modellv[[All,i]],201,4000][[1;;200]])/(modellv[[All,i]]+PadLeft[modellv[[All,i]],201,4500][[1;;200]])],{i,1,200}];
traces=Table[ListConvolve[wavelet[[1;;;;1]],rc[[i]]],{i,1,200}];
starttrace=10;
endtrace=200;
steptrace=10;
trasenum=Range[starttrace,endtrace,steptrace];
traserenum=Range[Length@trasenum];
tracedist=0.5;
Rotate[Show[
Reverse[Table[
ListLinePlot[traces[[trasenum[[i]]]]*50+trasenum[[i]]*tracedist,Filling->{1->{trasenum[[i]]*tracedist,{RGBColor[0.97,0.93,0.68],Black}}},PlotStyle->Directive[Gray,Thin],PlotRange->Full,InterpolationOrder->2,Axes->False,Background->RGBColor[0.97,0.93,0.68]],
{i,1,Length@trasenum}]],ListLinePlot[Transpose[{ConstantArray[45,80],Range[80]}],PlotStyle->Red],PlotRange->All,Frame->True],270Degree]Ukulandelela kokuzamazama komhlaba kwemodeli ye-wedge
Ukulandelana kokulandela ukuzamazama komhlaba okuboniswe kulesi sibalo kubizwa ngokuthi yisigaba sokuzamazama komhlaba. Njengoba ubona, ukuhumusha kwayo kungenziwa futhi ngezinga elinembile, ngoba i-geometry yamagagasi abonisiwe ihambisana ngokucacile nemodeli eshiwo ngaphambili. Uma uhlaziya imikhondo ngokuningiliziwe, uzobona ukuthi ukulandelana kusuka ku-1 kuya cishe ku-30 akuhlukani - ukubonakaliswa okuvela ophahleni lokubunjwa futhi kusukela phansi akuhlanganisi. Kusukela kumkhondo wama-31, imibukiso iqala ukuphazamisa. Futhi, nakuba kumodeli, ama-coefficients abonisayo awashintshi ngokuvundlile - iminonjana yokuzamazama komhlaba ishintsha ukuqina kwayo njengoba ukushuba kokwakheka kushintsha.
Ake sicabangele i-amplitude yokubonisa kusukela emngceleni ongaphezulu wokwakheka. Kusukela emzileni wama-60, ukushuba kokubonisa kuqala ukukhula futhi emzileni wama-70 kuba okuphezulu. Yile ndlela ukuphazamiseka kwamagagasi asuka ophahleni nangaphansi kwezingqimba ezizibonakalisa ngayo, okuholela kwezinye izimo ekudidekeni okuphawulekayo kurekhodi lokuzamazama komhlaba.
ListLinePlot[GaussianFilter[Abs[traces[[All,46]]],3][[;;;;2]],
InterpolationOrder->2,Frame->True,PlotStyle->Black,
PlotLabel->Style["Amplitude of reflection",Black,20],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic],
PlotRange->All]Igrafu yobukhulu begagasi elibonisiwe ukusuka onqenqemeni olungaphezulu lweweji
Kunengqondo ukuthi lapho isignali i-low-frequency, ukuphazamiseka kuqala ukuvela ngobukhulu obukhulu bokubunjwa, futhi esimweni sesignali ye-high-frequency, ukuphazamiseka kwenzeka ezindaweni ezincane. Amazwibela ekhodi alandelayo adala isignali enefrikhwensi engu-35 Hz, 55 Hz kanye no-85 Hz.
waveletSet=Table[(1.0-2.0*(Pi^2)*(f^2)*(t^2))*Exp[-(Pi^2)*(f^2)*(t^2)],
{f,{35,55,85}}];
ListLinePlot[waveletSet,PlotRange->Full,PlotStyle->Black,Frame->True,
PlotLabel->Style["Set of wavelets",Black,20],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic],
ImageSize->Large,InterpolationOrder->2]Iqoqo lamasignali omthombo anamafrikhwensi angu-35 Hz, 55Hz, 85Hz
Ngokubala ukulandelelwa kokuzamazama komhlaba nokuhlela amagrafu ama-amplitudes amagagasi abonisiwe, singabona ukuthi kumafrikhwensi ahlukene i-anomaly ibonwa ngogqinsi oluhlukene lokubunjwa.
tracesSet=Table[ListConvolve[waveletSet[[j]][[1;;;;1]],rc[[i]]],{j,1,3},{i,1,200}];
lowFreq=ListLinePlot[GaussianFilter[Abs[tracesSet[[1]][[All,46]]],3][[;;;;2]],InterpolationOrder->2,PlotStyle->Black,PlotRange->All];
medFreq=ListLinePlot[GaussianFilter[Abs[tracesSet[[2]][[All,46]]],3][[;;;;2]],InterpolationOrder->2,PlotStyle->Black,PlotRange->All];
highFreq=ListLinePlot[GaussianFilter[Abs[tracesSet[[3]][[All,46]]],3][[;;;;2]],InterpolationOrder->2,PlotStyle->Black,PlotRange->All];
Show[lowFreq,medFreq,highFreq,PlotRange->{{0,100},All},
PlotLabel->Style["Amplitudes of reflection",Black,20],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic],
Frame->True]Amagrafu wama-amplitudes wegagasi elibonisiwe ukusuka onqenqemeni olungaphezulu lwe-wedge kumafrikhwensi ahlukene
Ikhono lokufinyelela iziphetho mayelana nobukhulu bokubunjwa okuvela emiphumeleni yokubhekwa kokuzamazama komhlaba liwusizo kakhulu, ngoba omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko ekuhloleni uwoyela ukuhlola amaphuzu athembisayo kakhulu okubekwa komthombo (okungukuthi, lezo zindawo lapho ukwakheka kwenzeka khona. mkhulu). Ngaphezu kwalokho, esigabeni se-geological kungase kube khona izinto ezibangela ukuguqulwa okubukhali ekubunjweni kokubunjwa. Lokhu kwenza ukuhlaziywa kwe-spectral kube ithuluzi eliphumelelayo lokuzifunda. Engxenyeni elandelayo ye-athikili sizocabangela izinto ezinjalo ze-geological ngokuningiliziwe.
Idatha yokuhlola. Uzithathephi futhi yini okumele uzibheke kuzo?
Izinto ezihlaziywe esihlokweni zatholakala eNtshonalanga yeSiberia. Isifunda, njengoba wonke umuntu ngaphandle kokukhetha cishe azi, yisifunda esikhulu esikhiqiza uwoyela ezweni lakithi. Ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwamadiphozithi kwaqala esifundeni kuma-60s ekhulwini elidlule. Indlela eyinhloko yokusesha amadiphozi kawoyela ukuhlola i-seismic. Kuyathakazelisa ukubuka izithombe zesathelayithi zale ndawo. Ngesilinganiso esincane, ungabona inani elikhulu lamaxhaphozi namachibi; ngokwandisa imephu, ungabona amasayithi okumba amaqoqo, futhi ngokwandisa imephu ifike emkhawulweni, ungakwazi futhi ukuhlukanisa ukucaciswa kwamaphrofayili lapho kuzamazama komhlaba. ukubhekwa kwenziwa.
Isithombe sesathelayithi samamephu e-Yandex - indawo yedolobha laseNoyabrsk
Inethiwekhi yamapayipi omthombo kwenye yezinkambu
Amatshe aphethe uwoyela aseWestern Siberia atholakala ezindaweni eziningi ezijulile - ukusuka ku-1 km kuya ku-5 km. Umthamo omkhulu wamatshe aqukethe uwoyela wakhiwa ngezikhathi zeJurassic neCretaceous. Isikhathi seJurassic cishe saziwa abaningi kusukela kufilimu yegama elifanayo. yayihluke kakhulu kweyesimanje. I-Encyclopedia Britannica inochungechunge lwama-paleomaps olubonisa inkathi ngayinye ye-helogical.
Yethula
Isikhathi seJurassic
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ngezikhathi Jurassic, insimu Western Siberia kwaba ugu lolwandle (izwe eliwela imifula nolwandle ongajulile). Njengoba isimo sezulu sasikhululekile, singacabanga ukuthi indawo evamile yangaleso sikhathi yayibukeka kanje:
I-Jurassic eSiberia
Kulesi sithombe, okubalulekile kithi akuzona kakhulu izilwane nezinyoni, kodwa isithombe somfula ngemuva. Umfula uyinto efanayo naleyo esamisa kuyo ekuqaleni. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukusebenza kwemifula kuvumela amatshe esihlabathi ahlungwe kahle ukuthi anqwabelene, ayoba indawo yokugcina uwoyela. Lawa madamu angaba nesimo esiyinqaba, esiyinkimbinkimbi (efana nombhede womfula) futhi anogqinsi oluguquguqukayo - eduze nosebe ukuqina kuncane, kodwa eduze nendawo ephakathi kwesiteshi noma ezindaweni ezizungezile kuyanda. Ngakho-ke, imifula eyakhiwe ku-Jurassic manje isisekujuleni okungamakhilomitha amathathu futhi iyinto yokuseshwa kwamadamu kawoyela.
Idatha yokuhlola. Ukucubungula nokubona ngeso lengqondo
Masibhukhe ngokushesha mayelana nezinto zokuzamazama komhlaba eziboniswe esihlokweni - ngenxa yokuthi inani ledatha elisetshenziswe ekuhlaziyeni libalulekile - yisiqephu kuphela sesethi yasekuqaleni yokulandela ukuzamazama komhlaba efakiwe embhalweni wesihloko. Lokhu kuzovumela noma ubani ukuthi akhiqize kabusha izibalo ezingenhla.
Lapho esebenza ngedatha yokuzamazama komhlaba, i-geophysicist ivamise ukusebenzisa isoftware ekhethekile (kunabaholi abaningana bemboni abathuthukayo basetshenziswa ngenkuthalo, ngokwesibonelo iPetrel noma iParadigm), ekuvumela ukuthi uhlaziye izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zedatha futhi ube nesixhumi esibonakalayo esilula. Naphezu kwakho konke ukunethezeka, lezi zinhlobo zesofthiwe nazo zinezithiyo zazo - isibonelo, ukuqaliswa kwe-algorithms yesimanje ezinguqulweni ezizinzile kuthatha isikhathi esiningi, futhi amathuba okubala okuzenzakalelayo ngokuvamile anomkhawulo. Esimweni esinjalo, kuba lula kakhulu ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zezibalo zekhompiyutha kanye nezilimi zokuhlela ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ezivumela ukusetshenziswa kwesisekelo esibanzi se-algorithmic futhi, ngasikhathi sinye, kuthathe izinqubo eziningi. Lona umgomo osetshenziselwa ukusebenza ngedatha yokuzamazama komhlaba ku-Wolfram Mathematica. Akulungile ukubhala ukusebenza okucebile komsebenzi osebenzisanayo nedatha - kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukulayishwa kusuka kufomethi eyamukelwa ngokuvamile, ukusebenzisa ama-algorithms afiswayo kuwo bese uwalayisha emuva kufomethi yangaphandle.
Ngokulandela uhlelo oluhlongozwayo, sizolayisha idatha yokuqala yokuzamazama komhlaba futhi siyibonise kuyo :
Get["GeologyIO`"]
seismic3DZipPath = "seismic3D.zip";
seismic3DSEGYPath = "seismic3D.sgy";
If[FileExistsQ[seismic3DZipPath], DeleteFile[seismic3DZipPath]];
If[FileExistsQ[seismic3DSEGYPath], DeleteFile[seismic3DSEGYPath]];
URLDownload["https://wolfr.am/FiQIuZuH", seismic3DZipPath];
ExtractArchive[seismic3DZipPath];
seismic3DSEGY = SEGYImport[seismic3DSEGYPath]Idatha elandiwe futhi yangeniswa ngale ndlela yimizila erekhodwa endaweni enesilinganiso samakhilomitha ayi-10 by 5. Uma idatha itholwa kusetshenziswa indlela yokuhlola yokuzamazama komhlaba enezinhlangothi ezintathu (amagagasi awabhalwanga kumaphrofayili e-geophysical, kodwa endaweni yonke kanyekanye), kuba nokwenzeka ukuthola amakhyubhu edatha yokuzamazama komhlaba. Lezi yizinto ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu, izingxenye eziqondile nezivundlile ezivumela ucwaningo oluningiliziwe lwendawo yokwakheka komhlaba. Esibonelweni esicatshangelwayo, sibhekene nedatha enezinhlangothi ezintathu. Singathola ulwazi oluthile kunhlokweni yombhalo, kanje
StringPartition[seismic3DSEGY["textheader"], 80] // TableFormC 1 LELI IFAYILE LEDEMO LE-GEOLOGYIO TEST YEPHAKEJI
C 2
C 3
C 4
C 5 USUKU IGAMA LOMSEBENZISI: WOLFRAM USER
C 6 IGAMA LOKUHLOLA: ENDAWENI E-SIBERIA
C 7 UHLOBO LWEFILE 3D SEISMIC VOLUME
C 8
C 9
C10 Z UHLELO: LOKUQALA 2200M LAST 2400M
Le sethi yedatha izokwanela ukuthi sibonise izigaba eziyinhloko zokuhlaziywa kwedatha. Ukulandelela efayeleni kuqoshwa ngokulandelana futhi ngayinye yazo ibukeka njengesithombe esilandelayo - lokhu ukusatshalaliswa kwama-amplitudes amagagasi abonisiwe eduze kwe-eksisi eqondile (i-eksisi ejulile).
ListLinePlot[seismic3DSEGY["traces"][[100]], InterpolationOrder -> 2,
PlotStyle -> Black, PlotLabel -> Style["Seismic trace", Black, 20],
LabelStyle -> Directive[Black, Italic], PlotRange -> All,
Frame -> True, ImageSize -> 1200, AspectRatio -> 1/5]Umkhondo owodwa wesigaba sokuzamazama komhlaba
Ngokwazi ukuthi mangaki amathrekhi abekwe ohlangothini ngalunye lwendawo efundwayo, ungakha uhlu lwedatha enezinhlangothi ezintathu bese uyibonisa usebenzisa umsebenzi we-Image3D[].
traces=seismic3DSEGY["traces"];
startIL=1050;EndIL=2000;stepIL=2; (*координата Х начала и конца съёмки и шаг трасс*)
startXL=1165;EndXL=1615;stepXL=2; (*координата Y начала и конца съёмки и шаг трасс*)
numIL=(EndIL-startIL)/stepIL+1; (*количество трасс по оис Х*)
numXL=(EndXL-startXL)/stepIL+1; (*количество трасс по оис Y*)
Image3D[ArrayReshape[Abs[traces/Max[Abs[traces[[All,1;;;;4]]]]],{numIL,numXL,101}],ViewPoint->{-1, 0, 0},Background->RGBColor[0,0,0]]Isithombe se-XNUMXD sekhyubhu yedatha yokuzamazama komhlaba. (I-eksisi eqondile - ukujula)
Uma izici zokwakheka komhlaba ezithakaselwayo zidala ukudida komhlaba okukhulu, khona-ke amathuluzi okubona ngeso lengqondo angasetshenziswa. Izindawo “ezingabalulekile” zokurekhoda zingenziwa zingabonakali, kushiye okudidayo kuphela kubonakala. Ku-Wolfram Mathematica lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa и .
data = ArrayReshape[Abs[traces/Max[Abs[traces[[All,1;;;;4]]]]],{numIL,numXL,101}];
Graphics3D[{Opacity[0.1], Raster3D[data, ColorFunction->"RainbowOpacity"]},
Boxed->False, SphericalRegion->True, ImageSize->840, Background->None]Isithombe sekhyubhu yedatha yokuzamazama sisebenzisa imisebenzi ye-Opacity[] kanye ne-Raster3D[]
Njengasesibonelweni sokwenziwa, ezigabeni zekhiyubhu yasekuqaleni umuntu angabona imingcele ethile yejoloji (izendlalelo) ngokukhululeka okuguquguqukayo.
Ithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuhlaziya i-spectral yi-Fourier transform. Ngosizo lwayo, ungahlola i-spectrum ye-amplitude-frequency yomkhondo ngamunye noma iqembu lokulandela. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokudlulisela idatha kusizinda semvamisa, ulwazi luyalahleka mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izikhathi (funda ukuthi yikuphi ukujula) izinguquko zemvamisa. Ukuze ukwazi ukwenza kube okwasendaweni izinguquko zesignali ku-eksisi yesikhathi (ukujula), ukuguqulwa okunefasitela kwe-Fourier nokubola kwe-wavelet kuyasetshenziswa. Lesi sihloko sisebenzisa ukubola kwe-wavelet. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlaziya i-Wavelet baqala ukusetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ekuhloleni kokuzamazama komhlaba ngeminyaka yama-90s. Inzuzo ngaphezu koguquko lwe-Fourier olufakwe ngefasitela kuthathwa njengokulungiswa kwesikhathi esingcono.
Usebenzisa isiqeshana sekhodi esilandelayo, ungabolisa okukodwa kokulandela ukuzamazama komhlaba ube yizingxenye ngazinye:
cwd=ContinuousWaveletTransform[seismicSection["traces"][[100]]]
Show[
ListLinePlot[Re[cwd[[1]]],PlotRange->All],
ListLinePlot[seismicSection["traces"][[100]],
PlotStyle->Black,PlotRange->All],ImageSize->{1500,500},AspectRatio->Full,
PlotLabel->Style["Wavelet decomposition",Black,32],
LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Italic],
PlotRange->All,
Frame->True]Ukuwohloka komkhondo ube izingxenye
Ukuhlola ukuthi amandla okubonisa asakazwa kanjani ngezikhathi ezihlukene zokufika kwamagagasi, kusetshenziswa ama-scalogram (afana ne-spectrogram). Njengomthetho, ekusebenzeni asikho isidingo sokuhlaziya zonke izingxenye. Ngokuvamile, izingxenye eziphansi, ezimaphakathi neziphezulu ziyakhethwa.
freq=(500/(#*contWD["Wavelet"]["FourierFactor"]))&/@(Thread[{Range[contWD["Octaves"]],1}]/.contWD["Scales"])//Round;
ticks=Transpose[{Range[Length[freq]],freq}];
WaveletScalogram[contWD,Frame->True,FrameTicks->{{ticks,Automatic},Automatic},FrameTicksStyle->Directive[Orange,12],
FrameLabel->{"Time","Frequency(Hz)"},LabelStyle->Directive[Black,Bold,14],
ColorFunction->"RustTones",ImageSize->Large]I-Scalogram. Umphumela womsebenzi
Ulimi lweWolfram lusebenzisa umsebenzi wokuguqula i-wavelet . Futhi ukusetshenziswa kwalo msebenzi kulo lonke iqoqo lokulandela umkhondo kuzokwenziwa kusetshenziswa umsebenzi . Lapha kubalulekile ukuphawula omunye wamandla Wolfram Mathematica - ikhono ukusebenzisa parallelization . Kulesi sibonelo esingenhla, asikho isidingo sokufanisa - umthamo wedatha awunkulu, kodwa uma usebenza namasethi edatha yokuhlola aqukethe amakhulu ezinkulungwane zemikhondo, lokhu kuyisidingo.
tracesCWD=Table[Map[Hilbert[#,0]&,Re[ContinuousWaveletTransform[traces[[i]]][[1]]][[{13,15,18}]]],{i,1,Length@traces}]; Ngemva kokufaka umsebenzi Amasethi edatha amasha avela ahambisana namafrikhwensi akhethiwe. Esibonelweni esingenhla, lawa mafrikhwensi yilawa: 38Hz, 33Hz, 27Hz. Ukukhethwa kwamafrikhwensi kuvame ukwenziwa ngesisekelo sokuhlola - bathola amamephu asebenzayo wenhlanganisela yamafrikhwensi ahlukene futhi bakhethe efundisa kakhulu ngokombono wesazi sokuma komhlaba.
Uma udinga ukwabelana ngemiphumela nozakwenu noma uyinikeze ikhasimende, ungasebenzisa umsebenzi we-SEGYExport[] wephakheji ye-GeologyIO
outputdata=seismic3DSEGY;
outputdata["traces",1;;-1]=tracesCWD[[All,3]];
outputdata["textheader"]="Wavelet Decomposition Result";
outputdata["binaryheader","NumberDataTraces"]=Length[tracesCWD[[All,3]]];
SEGYExport["D:result.segy",outputdata];Ngamakhyubhu amathathu kulawa (i-low-frequency, mid-frequency, kanye nezingxenye zefrikhwensi ephezulu), ukuxuba kwe-RGB kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukubona idatha ndawonye. Ingxenye ngayinye inikezwa umbala wayo - obomvu, oluhlaza, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ku-Wolfram Mathematica lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa umsebenzi .
Umphumela uyizithombe okungenziwa kuzo ukutolika ngokwezwe. Ama-menders aqoshwe esigabeni enza kube nokwenzeka ukucacisa ama-paleochannels, okungenzeka abe amadamu futhi aqukathe izinqolobane zikawoyela. Ukusesha nokuhlaziya ama-analogue esimanje esimiso somfula esinjalo kusivumela ukuba sinqume izingxenye ezithembisa kakhulu zama-menders. Amashaneli ngokwawo abonakala ngezingqimba eziwugqinsi ze-sandstone ehlungwe kahle futhi ayidamu elihle lamafutha. Izindawo ezingaphandle kokudidayo "kweleyisi" zifana nediphozithi yesimanje ye-floodplain. Amadiphozithi e-Floodplain amelwe ngokuyinhloko amatshe anobumba futhi ukubhoboza kulezi zindawo ngeke kusebenze.
Ucezu lwe-RGB lwekhyubhu yedatha. Maphakathi nendawo (kancane kwesokunxele maphakathi) ungakwazi ukulandelela umfula ogoqayo.
Ucezu lwe-RGB lwekhyubhu yedatha. Ngakwesobunxele ungakwazi ukulandelela umfula ogelezayo.
Kwezinye izimo, ikhwalithi yedatha yokuzamazama komhlaba ivumela izithombe ezicace kakhulu. Lokhu kuncike endleleni yokusebenza yasensimini, okokusebenza okusetshenziswa i-algorithm yokunciphisa umsindo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, akubonakali kuphela izingcezu zezinhlelo zemifula, kodwa futhi yonke imifula ye-paleo enwetshiwe.
Ukuxutshwa kwe-RGB yezingxenye ezintathu zekhyubhu yedatha yokuzamazama komhlaba (ucezu oluvundlile). Ukujula cishe ku-2 km.
Isithombe sesathelayithi soMfula iVolga eduze kwaseSaratov
isiphetho
I-Wolfram Mathematica ikuvumela ukuthi uhlaziye idatha yokuzamazama komhlaba futhi uxazulule izinkinga ezisetshenzisiwe ezihlobene nokuhlola amaminerali, futhi iphakheji ye-GeologyIO yenza le nqubo ibe lula kakhulu. Isakhiwo sedatha yokuzamazama komhlaba sinjengokusebenzisa izindlela ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ukusheshisa izibalo (, ,…) isebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ucubungule amanani amakhulu edatha. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, lokhu kwenziwa lula izici zokugcina idatha zephakheji ye-GeologyIO. Ngendlela, iphakheji ingasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela emkhakheni wokuhlola okusetshenziselwa ukuzamazama komhlaba. Cishe izinhlobo ezifanayo zedatha zisetshenziswa ku-radar engena phansi kanye ne-seismology. Uma uneziphakamiso zokuthi ungawuthuthukisa kanjani umphumela, yiziphi izindlela zokuhlaziya isignali ezivela ku-Wolfram Mathematica arsenal ezisebenza kudatha enjalo, noma uma unanoma yimiphi imibono ebucayi, sicela. shiya amazwana.
Source: www.habr.com