Ngokuvimbela ukubonwa kobuso, sigeja iphuzu.

Iphuzu eliphelele lokugadwa kwesimanje ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabantu ukuze wonke umuntu aphathwe ngendlela ehlukile. Ubuchwepheshe bokubona ubuso buyingxenye encane yesistimu yokuqapha ephelele

Umbhali wendatshana - UBruce Schneier, Umdwebi wezincwadi waseMelika, umbhali kanye nochwepheshe bezokuphepha kolwazi. Ilungu lebhodi labaqondisi be-International Association for Cryptological Research kanye nelungu lebhodi labaluleki le-Electronic Privacy Information Center. Indatshana yashicilelwa ngoJanuwari 20, 2020 kubhulogi lombhali nasephephandabeni I-New York Times.

Imiphakathi yezakhamizi ezikhathazekile kulo lonke elase-United States isiqala ukuvimbela ubuchwepheshe bokubona ubuso. Bavalwa ngoMeyi ngonyaka odlule. I-San Francisco, ngokushesha alandelwe umakhelwane I-AucklandFuthi Somerville и eBrooklyn eMassachusetts (ukuvinjelwa kungase kunwetshwe kuzwelonke). NgoDisemba, iSan Diego yamisa uhlelo lwayo lokubona ubuso ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukusebenza komthetho omusha. Imikhosi yomculo emikhulu engamashumi amane ethenjisiwe ungasebenzisi lobu buchwepheshe, kodwa izishoshovu ebiza ukuvinjelwa ezweni lonke. Abaningi abangenele ukhetho lobumongameli beDemocratic Alliance sekela okungenani ukuvinjelwa okuncane ukuqashelwa ubuso.

Le mizamo inezinhloso ezinhle, kodwa ukuvimbela ukubonakala kobuso kuyimpendulo engalungile enkingeni yokugadwa kwesimanje. Ukugxila endleleni ethile yokuhlonza kuphazamisa uhlobo lomphakathi oqaphayo esiwakhayo, lapho ukugadwa kwabantu abaningi kuba yinto evamile. Emazweni afana neShayina, uhulumeni udala ingqalasizinda yokuqapha ngokuphelele ukuze alawule umphakathi. Emazweni afana ne-United States, idalwa yizinkampani ukuthi ibe nomthelela ekuthengeni, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo isetshenziswe uhulumeni.

Kuzo zonke izimo, ukubhekwa kwenqwaba yesimanje kunezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• ukuhlonza;
• ukuhlobana;
• ukucwasa.

Ake sibabheke ngamunye ngamunye.

Ukuqashelwa kobuso ubuchwepheshe obungasetshenziswa ukukhomba abantu ngaphandle kolwazi noma imvume yabo. Ithembele ekwandeni kwamakhamera agadayo, aqala ukuba namandla futhi aminyene, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokufunda komshini obungakwazi ukuhambisana nezithombe ezisuka kusizindalwazi sezithombe ezikhona.

Kodwa lena kumane kungenye yezindlela eziningi zokuhlonza. Abantu babonakala bekude ukushaya kwenhliziyo noma hambausebenzisa i-laser system. Amakhamera amahle kakhulu angakwazi ukufunda izigxivizo zeminwe и iris yeso ukusuka ebangeni lamamitha amaningana. Futhi ngisho ngaphandle kwabo bonke lobu buchwepheshe, singabonakala ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba ama-smartphones ethu ukusakaza amakheli e-MAC ahlukile. Sibonakala ngezinombolo zocingo, izinombolo zekhadi lesikweletu, izinombolo zezimoto. Isibonelo, i-China ngohlelo lwayo lokuqapha oluphelele isebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokuhlonza.

Uma sesihlonziwe, idatha emayelana nobunikazi bethu nemisebenzi ingahlotshaniswa nenye idatha eqoqwe ngezinye izikhathi. Lokhu kungaba idatha yokunyakaza "yokulandelela" umuntu usuku lonke. Noma idatha emayelana nokuthenga, ukuphequlula iwebhu, nokuthi sixhumana nobani nge-imeyili noma amagumbi okuxoxa. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ulwazi olumayelana nemali engenayo, ubuzwe, indlela yokuphila, umsebenzi kanye nezinto esizithandayo. Kukhona imboni yonke yabadayisi bedatha abenza ukuphila kwabo bahlaziye futhi ukwengeza idatha mayelana nokuthi singobani - sisebenzisa idatha yokugada eqoqwe yizo zonke izinhlobo zezinkampani ezidayiselwa abathengisi ngaphandle kolwazi noma imvume yethu.

I-United States inomkhakha omkhulu—futhi cishe ongalawulwa nhlobo—wabadayisi bedatha abahweba ngolwazi lwethu lomuntu siqu. Lena yindlela izinkampani ezinkulu ze-inthanethi ezifana ne-Google ne-Facebook ezenza ngayo imali. Akukhona nje ukuhlonza. Into esemqoka ukuthi bayakwazi ukudala amaphrofayili ajulile kuwo wonke umuntu, baqoqe ulwazi ngathi nezintshisekelo zethu futhi bakhulise lawa maphrofayili. Yingakho izinkampani eziningi thenga idatha yepuleti lelayisense eziphathimandleni zombuso. Yingakho izinkampani njenge-Google thenga amarekhodi ezokwelapha, okuyisizathu esenza i-Google uthenge iFitbit kanye nayo yonke idatha yayo.

Inhloso yonke yalolu hlelo wukuthi izinkampani - nohulumeni - bakwazi ukuhlukanisa abantu futhi babaphathe ngendlela ehlukile. Abantu baboniswa izikhangiso ezihlukene ku-inthanethi futhi banikezwa amanani ahlukene wamakhadi esikweletu. Amabhodi ebhodi ahlakaniphile veza izikhangiso ezehlukene kuye ngephrofayili yakho. Ngokuzayo, singase sibonakale ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho singena esitolo, njengoba sinjalo manje uma singena kuwebhusayithi.

Akunandaba ukuthi ibuphi ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswayo ukukhomba abantu. Iqiniso lokuthi isizindalwazi esibanzi sokushaywa kwenhliziyo noma ukuhambahamba akukho okwamanje akwenzi ubuchwepheshe bokuqoqwa kwedatha bungasebenzi kahle. Futhi ezimweni eziningi, ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-ID negama langempela akusho lutho. Kubalulekile ukuthi sikhonjwe ngokungaguquki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Singaziwa ngokuphelele ohlelweni olunjalo inika umsebenzisi ngamunye ikhukhi elihlukile futhi ulandelela izenzo zakhe ku-inthanethi, kodwa lokhu akuphazamisi nakancane izinqubo ezifanayo zokuhlobana nokucwasa. Kuyafana nangobuso. Ungakwazi ukulandelela ukunyakaza kwethu eduze kwesitolo noma isikhungo sokuthenga ngisho nangaphandle kokuboshelwa egameni elithile. Futhi lokhu kungaziwa kuntekenteke: ngokushesha nje lapho sithenga okuthile ngekhadi lasebhange, kungazelelwe amagama ethu angempela anamathiselwe kulokho okwakuyiphrofayili yokulandelela engaziwa.

Ukulawula lolu hlelo, zonke izigaba ezintathu zenqubo yokugada kufanele zicatshangelwe. Ukuvinjelwa kokuqashelwa kobuso ngeke kwenze mehluko uma izinhlelo ze-CCTV zishintshela ekuhlonzeni abantu zisebenzisa amakheli e-smartphone e-MAC. Inkinga ukuthi sikhonjwa ngaphandle kolwazi noma imvume yethu, futhi umphakathi udinga imithetho yokuthi lokhu kwamukeleka nini futhi kungamukeleki nini.

Ngokufanayo, sidinga imithetho yokuthi idatha yethu ingahlanganiswa kanjani nenye idatha bese ithengwe futhi ithengiswe ngaphandle kolwazi noma imvume yethu. Imboni yomthengisi wedatha cishe ayilawulwa nhlobo; kunomthetho owodwa kuphela—owaphasiswa e-Vermont ngo-2018—odinga ukuthi abadayisi bedatha babhalise futhi bachaze ngokwemibandela evamile ukuthi iyiphi idatha abayiqoqayo. Izinkampani ezinkulu zokugada i-inthanethi ezifana ne-Facebook ne-Google zinamafayela anemininingwane eminingi kithi kunezikhungo zezobunhloli zanoma isiphi isimo samaphoyisa sekhulunyaka lama-20. Imithetho enengqondo izosiza ekuvimbeleni ukuhlukumeza kwabo okubi kakhulu.

Okokugcina, sidinga imithetho ecacile yokuthi izinkampani zingacwasa nini futhi kanjani. Ukubandlulula okusekelwe ezicini ezivikelwe ezifana nobuhlanga nobulili kakade akukho emthethweni, kodwa le mithetho ayisebenzi ngokumelene nobuchwepheshe besimanje bokugada nokulawula. Uma abantu bekwazi ukukhonjwa futhi idatha yabo ifaniswe ngesivinini nesikali esingakaze sibonwe ngaphambili, sidinga imithetho emisha.

Izinhlelo zokuqaphela ubuso zithathe izintambo zokugxekwa namuhla, kodwa ukuvinjelwa akugeji iphuzu. Kudingeka sikhulume ngokungathí sina ngabo bonke ubuchwepheshe bokuhlonza, ukuhlobana nokucwasa. Thina njengomphakathi kumelwe sinqume ukuthi ubunhloli obunjalo bohulumeni nezinkampani buyobekezelelwa yini—nokuthi sifuna buthonye kanjani ukuphila kwethu.

Source: www.habr.com