“IYurophu namuhla ifana nesitsha sempushana, futhi abaholi bafana nabantu ababhemayo ngaphakathi. Inhlansi eyodwa izobangela ukuqhuma okuzosingcwaba sonke. Angazi ukuthi kuzokwenzeka nini, kodwa ngiyazi ukuthi kuphi. Yonke into izokonakala ngomcimbi othile oyisiphukuphuku eBalkans." - U-Otto von Bismarck, ngo-1878
Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, ngo-November 11, 1918, kwasayinwa isivumelwano sokuvikela izikhali, esiqeda iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Inani labantu abalahlekelwa kuleyo mpi manje akulula ukulicabanga. Ngokwesibonelo, eMelika babheka ngokufanelekile iMpi YaseVietnam njengenhlekelele yezempi. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi amabili yokulwa, i-United States yalahlekelwa amasosha angu-58. Uma kuqhathaniswa, eMpini Yokuqala YaseMarne ngo-318 kuphela, ama-Allies alahlekelwa ngokuphindwe kane. Ezinsukwini ezinhlanu.
Abanye bazothi izinto ezesabekayo zempi zazingenakubikezelwa. Inkinga iwukuthi okungenani abanye abathintekayo babeyazi kahle imiphumela. UNobhala WaseBrithani Wezangaphandle u-Edward Gray, ngemva kokukhuluma ePhalamende esekela impi, kuthiwa uthe: “Amalambu acima kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ngeke baphinde babambe umlilo ekuphileni kwethu.”
Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni eyalandela, izazi-mlando zazama ukuphendula lo mbuzo: uma imiphumela yayicacile, khona-ke bavumela kanjani ukuba kwenzeke? - uchungechunge lwezehlakalo ezihlobene ezenze impi kwaba ukuphela komphumela ongaba khona.
Nakuba iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngemininingwane, impendulo ilula. Uma kubhekwa isimo nezinhlaka zezombangazwe zangaleso sikhathi, akekho noyedwa kwababambe iqhaza owayenomuzwa wokuthi wayenenye indlela. Enye yezinto ezithusa kakhulu mayelana nokufunda izimbangela zempi, empeleni, ukuthi uma ucabangela amaqiniso ezombusazwe angaleso sikhathi, empeleni kulula ukuqonda izizathu zezenzo zombuso ngamunye.
Ekugcineni, sizovuma ukuthi impi empeleni yayingenakugwenywa. Ukukhululeka kokwamukela leli qiniso kuyethusa ngempela.
Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, isikhwama sebhizinisi sahlanganisa iqembu elincane labamele abezindaba, abathengisi nabahlaziyi, okuhlanganisa nathi, ukuze sixoxe ngokubaluleka komthombo ovulekile ebhizinisini. Ngemva kokwethula imodeli yakhe, uzakwethu wenkampani eyinhloko yebhizinisi wethula iqembu labaphathi abavela ezinkampanini ezihweba ngemithombo evulekile yozakwethu. Ngayinye yazo ichaze kabanzi ukuthi umthombo ovulekile ushintshe kanjani ezinye izindlela zobunikazi zamakhasimende.
Impela, siyavuma ukuthi ukushintshwa konjiniyela kumthombo ovulekile kuyo yonke inkampani kushintsha uhlobo lokuthengwa kwempahla. Ngokwezinga elithile, lena inkolelo ewumgogodla osekuyiminyaka eminingi siyikhuthaza. Emuva ngo-2011 sashicilela isihloko . Kodwa okwakuthakazelisa ngemodeli ehlongozwayo kwakungekhona lokho eyayikusho mayelana nesikhathi samanje, kodwa kunalokho eyayingakwazi ukukusho ngekusasa.
Akuzange kukhulunywe ngokuqondile ngezinkonzo zamafu kulo mcimbi. Kuthiwa abatshalizimali nabathuthukisi be-OSS bezentengiselwano bancintisana nesoftware yokuphathelene. Bekungekho ukugxila okuthile ku-Amazon nakwabanye abahlinzeki bamafu be-hyperscale, abazange baqanjwe namagama. Umbuzo ngalesi sihloko wenqatshwe ngesizotha.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa ngoba kwaRedMonk, ngaleso sikhathi, lapho sihlola amaqembu omthombo ovulekile wezohwebo, sabacela ukuthi baphendule umbuzo olula ojwayelekile: “Ubani umncintiswano wakho?” Uma besho enye indlela yobunikazi, iphakamisa ukuthi inkampani ibheke okwedlule. Uma impendulo bekuyifu, bekuphephile ukucabanga ukuthi ukuqalisa bekubheke phambili.
Njengoba sibona, lokhu kucabanga manje sekufinyelele emakethe. Ezinyangeni zokugcina ze-12-18, empeleni, kube nenguquko. Nakuba izinkampani zake zabheka abahlinzeki bamafu njenge-Amazon, i-Google ne-Microsoft njengabakufanelekela ukushiwo, manje sebebabheka njengosongo olubulalayo. Ukwesaba abahlinzeki bamafu sekungaphezu kwamandla kangangokuthi abahlinzeki bemithombo yezentengiselwano evulekile ngokuvamile, ngokumelene neseluleko sabaxhumanisi, benza izinqumo zamasu ezephula izinkambiso zamasiko zemithombo evulekile, zidale i-PR engalungile enkulu futhi eqhubekayo, futhi ibeke engozini ubudlelwano nonjiniyela, ozakwethu, namakhasimende. Ikakhulukazi, baya ngokuya bephendukela kumamodeli afiphaza imigqa phakathi komthombo ovulekile nesofthiwe yobunikazi ngomzamo wokuzuza izinzuzo zayo yomibili imihlaba, kodwa okungenzeka agcine enokubi kwakho kokubili.
Abahlinzeki bemithombo yezentengiso evulekile bathathe lezi zinyathelo ngesaziso kusengaphambili sezingozi. Lokhu kukhuluma ekuhloleni kwabo amathemba abo ezweni elilokhu libuswa amafu amakhulu andisa uhla lwezinsizakalo. Akunakuphikwa ukuthi izinqumo zamasu ezinjalo zinemiphumela emibi engathi sína, engenakugwenywa, kodwa abahlinzeki bemithombo yezentengiselwano evulekile—noma okungenani abatshalizimali babo—babheka ukungenzi lutho njengenketho elimaza kakhulu.
Kuzokujabulisa ukubona ukuthi le nkolelo iyaqhubeka yini ngemuva kwesimemezelo se-Amazon Web Services kuleli sonto. Nasi isifinyezo somlando oholele ezenzakalweni zamanje:
- 2010: ebhalwe ngu-Shay Banon cishe eminyakeni eyishumi edlule I-Elasticsearch iwumthombo ovulekile, injini yokusesha enelayisensi evunyelwe. Kuvele kwaduma kangangokuba kwagcina kwakhiwa inhlangano yezohwebo ngakuyo. I-Elastic NV—ekuqaleni i-Elasticsearch BV—idlule emizuliswaneni eminingi yokuxhasa ngemali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-6 zamaRandi, yaba ne-IPO ngo-Okthoba odlule, futhi manje inenani elingaphansi kuka-$XNUMX billion.
- 2015: Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu iphrojekthi yasungulwa—mhlawumbe iphendula izicelo zamakhasimende—i-Amazon yethula insizakalo yamafu ebizwa nge-Amazon Elasticsearch Service esekelwe kule layisensi evumela. Iqhudelane ngokuqondile neminikelo yezentengiso ye-Elastic NV, emagcekeni nasefwini.
- 2018: Ngenxa yokuncintisana okuyingxenye yalokhu namanye amafu, i-Elastic NV isiqalile ukufiphalisa imigqa phakathi komthombo wayo ovulekile kanye nezengezo zayo ezinelayisensi yobunikazi, ikakhulukazi i-x-pack. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-Elastic ayizange ilandele ezinyathelweni zabanye ozakwabo, kodwa yazama ukuxazulula inkinga isebenzisa amalayisense ayingxubevange, kodwa yaqala ukuxuba ikhodi yomthombo ovulekile neyobunikazi endaweni eyodwa yokugcina izinto, futhi ukwakhiwa okuzenzakalelayo kwakuhlanganisa le software yobunikazi.
- 2019: I-Amazon ithathe izinyathelo ezimbalwa ekuphenduleni kuleli sonto. Okokuqala, ngokusekelwa yi-Expedia ne-Netflix, yethula lokho ekubona “njengokusabalalisa” kwe-Elasticsearch. Kodwa kuhloswe ukuthi kusebenze njengemfoloko kuzo zonke izici. Okwesibili, iphrojekthi ihlanganisa izengezo zomthombo ovulekile ezifana nemisebenzi ekhokhiswa i-Elastic NV ngaphandle kokuyenza itholakale esidlangalaleni. Okwesithathu, njengesevisi yokuqala ye-AWS esekelwe ku-Elasticsearch, inkampani yasebenzisa igama elithi Elasticsearch kuphrojekthi.
Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ukuphikisana kwangaphambilini sekukhule kwaba ukungqubuzana okusobala, kuphakama imibuzo eminingi. Kweza kanjani kulokhu? Ingabe lokhu bekungenakugwenywa ngempela? Futhi umbuzo osobala uwukuthi: ubani okufanele asolwe?
Okungenani owodwa wale mibuzo kulula ukuwuphendula. Lesi sinyathelo bekulindeleke isikhathi eside. Okungenani kusukela ngoSepthemba, lapho ilayisensi yavela :
Yebo, kubonakala kungenakwenzeka ukuthi abahlinzeki bamafu yonke indawo bazoqala ukuphakela futhi banikeze ilayisense isofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-Commons Clause evela kubahlinzeki bezentengiso. Eqinisweni, i-Commons Clause ingaba nomthelela omubi. Kukhulisa amathuba okuthi abahlinzeki bamafu bazame ukuyenga onjiniyela ababalulekile futhi benze imfoloko yomphakathi noma yangasese yephrojekthi. Lena inketho eshibhile, ehlinzeka nokulawula okudingekayo phezu kwempahla yesofthiwe.
Ingxabano ye-Amazon-Elastic ingumphumela wokungqubuzana kwamamodeli. Ngokwekhredithi ka-Banon ne-Elastic, isofthiwe ye-Elasticsearch ibonakale idume kakhulu, sibonga ngokwengxenye ilayisense yayo evumelayo.
Kodwa-ke, amalayisense avunyelwe futhi avumela abahlinzeki bamafu njenge-Amazon ukuthi basebenzise uhlelo. Ukuze bangaphuthelwa yinzuzo futhi banelise izidingo zamakhasimende abo, abahlinzeki bamafu bazohlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zomdabu ze-Elasticsearch namaphrojekthi afanayo adumile futhi aziwa kakhulu.
- Ukunikeza amalayisense akunangqondo. Ngaphandle kwalokho abanye abatshalizimali abakucabangayo, iqiniso liwukuthi ukwengeza imigomo yezohwebo ku-software yangaphambilini yamahhala ngeke kuphoqe abahlinzeki benkonzo yamafu abakhulu ukuthi babhalise. Ayikho inkampani esebenza kulesi sikali engafuna ukukhipha isevisi enkulu—kungaba ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo noma amanani—enkampanini yangaphandle engayilawuli.
- Ukuthola kungenye inketho yokuhlangabezana nesidingo, kodwa akukhuli kahle. Ngisho nabahlinzeki bamafu abacebile abafuni ukukhokha imali eyengeziwe ukuze bathenge yonke isevisi entsha kuphothifoliyo yabo, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona enye indlela eshibhile nelula - futhi nansi eyodwa.
- Emiphakathini yemithombo evulekile, imfoloko ngokomlando ibithathwa njengenketho enobuthi, kodwa ngokombono we-PR iyamukeleka kakhulu lapho umthengisi wemithombo evulekile yezentengiselwano ebeka engcupheni isimo sakhe ngokuthatha amaqhinga nezinqubo ezingqubuzana nezinkambiso zomphakathi womthombo ovulekile. . Esimeni esinjalo, ngisho nezinkampani zangaphandle ezinkulu zingase zizame ukuthatha izindinganiso zokuziphatha ngesikhathi esisodwa zifeza izithakazelo zazo.
Uma ubhekene nalezi zinketho, imfoloko ibonakala iyimpendulo enengqondo evela kusevisi yefu ekuveleni kwemigomo yelayisensi engalungile. Yingakho isinqumo se-Amazon besilindelwe futhi singenakugwemeka. Futhi ngakho-ke kunzima ukunquma icala esimweni samanje. Empeleni, izinhlangothi zombili zenze ngokunengqondo - njengoba bekulindelwe, uma kubhekwa amathuba azo, amakhono namalungelo azo omthetho.
Kungenzeka ukuthi i-Amazon kuzoba eyokuqala, kodwa hhayi yokugcina, umhlinzeki wamafu ukwenza lokhu. Abanye bazozama futhi ukuvumelanisa isidingo sabathengi nokuntuleka kwemikhawulo engokomthetho ekwakhiweni kwamaphrojekthi abo, “njengokusabalaliswa okuvulekile kwe-Elasticsearch.” Cishe bayofinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi kuyazuzisa. Ngokusobala, abahlinzeki bemithombo yokuhweba evulekile bazophetha nakanjani ngokuthi ifu libeka usongo olukhulu kangangokuthi imingcele yomthombo ovulekile kufanele inwetshwe.
Eqinisweni, umbuzo wangempela kuphela ukuthi ngabe abathuthukisi bomthombo ovulekile bazofunda yini esimweni samanje ne-Elastic, manje encintisana ne-Amazon hhayi kuphela emikhiqizweni, kodwa futhi emthonjeni ovulekile. Ingabe bazoqonda ukuthi izinzuzo zezinye izindlela zokunikeza amalayisense eziyimpikiswano azizisekeli izindleko.
Nokho, ukulondoloza isimo esikhona kungenzeka kakhulu. Izisusa nezisusa zazo zombili izinhlangothi zicacile, ziyaqondakala futhi zinengqondo kumongo wamamodeli azo. Amamodeli azohlala ephikisana ngaphakathi, ngisho noma exhunywe ngokungenakuhlukaniswa.
Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, abaholi bamazwe amaningi banquma ukungena ezingxabanweni. Babazi ukuthi ukungqubuzana kwakuzobalahlekisela kakhulu, kwakuyoba yingozi kakhulu futhi okungekho muntu owayengase aphume enqobile kukho. Bakwenza ngoba bebona ingekho enye indlela.
Imboni yezobuchwepheshe nayo ayibonakali.
Qaphela: I-Amazon ne-Elastic zingamakhasimende e-RedMonk, njengoba kunjalo ne-Google ne-Microsoft. I-Expedia ne-Netflix akuwona amaklayenti e-RedMonk.
Source: www.habr.com
