I-Quora: Iyiphi into emangalisa kakhulu amakhompyutha ayenze yenzeka?
Alan Kay: Usazama ukufunda ukucabanga kangcono.
Ngicabanga ukuthi impendulo izofana ncamashi nempendulo yombuzo othi “iyiphi into emangalisa kakhulu okuye kwatholakala ngayo ukubhala (bese kuba umshini wokunyathelisa).”
Akukhona ukuthi ukubhala nokunyathelisa kwenza kwaba khona uhlobo oluhluke ngokuphelele lokuhamba ngesikhathi nasemkhathini, okuyisici esimangalisayo nesibalulekile, kodwa ukuthi indlela entsha yokuhamba ngemibono yavela njengomphumela wokuthi kusho ukuthini ukufunda ukufunda nokubhala. bhala ngokushelelayo. Ucwaningo oluningi lubonise ukuthi amasiko okufunda nokubhala ahluke ngekhwalithi emasikweni endabuko axoxwayo, nokuthi ukuhlobana phakathi kokubhala nempucuko kukhona futhi akukhona ukuqondana.
Ezinye izinguquko zekhwalithi zenzeke ngokufika kokunyathelisa, futhi zombili lezi zinguquko ziyadida, njengoba ngayinye yazo ekuqaleni yayiwuhlobo lokuzenzekelayo lwalokho okwafika ngaphambili: ukuqopha inkulumo nokuphrinta okubhaliwe. Kuzo zombili izimo, umehluko wawuwukuthi "yini enye?" "Kanti yini enye?" ihlobene "nokuthi yini ehlukile" eyenzekayo uma umuntu eshelela kunoma iyiphi insimbi, ikakhulukazi ephethe kokubili imibono nezenzo.
Kuningi okunye okungangezwa lapha okungadlula ubude bempendulo ye-Quora ejwayelekile, kodwa okokuqala ake sibheke ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukubhala nokuphrinta ekuchazeni nasekuphikisaneni. Izindlela ezintsha zokubhala nokufunda seziyatholakala ngesimo, ubude, isakhiwo kanye nohlobo lokuqukethwe. Futhi konke lokhu kukhula kanye nezinhlobo ezintsha zemibono.
Ngenxa yalokhu, umbuzo ungabuzwa ngale ndlela: yini entsha futhi ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amakhompyutha alethwa. Cabanga ngokuthi kusho ukuthini ukungagcini nje ngokuchaza umbono, kodwa futhi ukwazi ukuwumodela, ukuwusebenzisa, nokuhlola imithelela yawo kanye nokuqagela okufihliwe ngendlela engakaze yenziwe ngaphambili. UJoseph Carl Robnett Licklider, owahlela ucwaningo lokuqala lwe-ARPA olwaholela kubuchwepheshe banamuhla bamakhompiyutha omuntu siqu kanye namanethiwekhi atholakala yonke indawo, wabhala ngo-1960 (echaza kancane): “Eminyakeni embalwa, ubuhlobo phakathi kwabantu namakhompyutha buzoqala ukucabanga kanje , njengoba akekho owayengacabanga ngaphambili.”
Lo mbono ekuqaleni wawuhlotshaniswa namathuluzi nezimoto ezengeziwe, kodwa ngokushesha wamukelwa njengombono omkhulu kakhulu woshintsho ezinhlotsheni zokuxhumana nezindlela zokucabanga ezingaba nezinguquko njengalezo ezilethwa ngokubhala nokunyathelisa.
Ukuze siqonde okwenzekile, sidinga kuphela ukubheka umlando wokubhala nokuphrinta ukuze siqaphele imiphumela emibili ehluke kakhulu: (a) okokuqala, ushintsho olukhulu kakhulu eminyakeni engama-450 edlule ngendlela umhlaba obonakalayo nowenhlalo obukwa ngayo ngokusungulwa kwe isayensi yesimanje nokuphatha, kanye (b) nokuthi abantu abaningi abafunda nhlobo basathanda ikakhulukazi izinganekwane, izincwadi zokuzisiza kanye nezenkolo, izincwadi zokupheka, njll. (okusekelwe ezincwadini ezifundwe kakhulu zeminyaka eyi-10 edlule eMelika). Zonke izihloko ezingajwayelekile kunoma yimuphi umgede.
Enye indlela yokubheka lokhu ukuthi lapho kuphakama indlela entsha enamandla yokuziveza eyayintula ezakhini zethu zofuzo ukuze ibe yingxenye yamasiko endabuko, sidinga ukuyifunda kahle futhi siyisebenzise. Ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile, imidiya emisha izosetshenziswa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukwenza izinhlobo ezindala zokucabanga. Nalapha futhi, imiphumela isilindele, ikakhulukazi uma izindlela ezintsha zokusabalalisa ulwazi zisebenza kangcono kunezindala, ezingaholela ekukhuluphaleni okusebenza njengezidakamizwa ezingokomthetho (njengasesimweni sekhono lenguquko yezimboni ukukhiqiza ushukela kanye amafutha, ngakho endaweni ezungezile Kuzoba nensada yezindaba, izindaba, izimo kanye nezindlela ezintsha zokukhulumisana ngamazwi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, cishe yonke isayensi nobunjiniyela kungenzeka kuphela ngenxa yamakhompiyutha, futhi ikakhulukazi ngenxa yekhono lamakhompiyutha ukulingisa imibono (kuhlanganise "nombono wokucabanga" ngokwawo), uma kunikezwe umnikelo omkhulu wokuphrinta kakade. eyenziwe.
U-Einstein waphawula ukuthi “asikwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga zethu ngezinga elifanayo lokucabanga elazidala.” Singasebenzisa amakhompuyutha ukuxazulula eziningi zezinkinga zethu ezinkulu ngezindlela ezintsha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sizoba senkingeni embi kakhulu uma sisebenzisa amakhompiyutha ukudala amazinga amasha ezinkinga lapho izinga lethu lokucabanga lingashintshwa futhi okufanele ligwenywe futhi liqedwe. Isifaniso esihle singatholakala emishwaneni ethi “izikhali zenuzi ziyingozi kunoma iziphi izandla zomuntu,” kodwa “izikhali zenuzi ezisezandleni zama-cavemen ziyingozi kakhulu.”
Amazwi amakhulu kaVi Hart: “Kufanele siqinisekise ukuthi ukuhlakanipha komuntu kudlula amandla omuntu.”
Futhi asikutholi ukuhlakanipha ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu, ikakhulukazi ngezingane ezisanda kuqala ukwakha imibono yazo ngezwe ezazalelwa kulo.
Ukuhumusha: Yana Shchekotova
Ezinye izindatshana zika-Alan Kay
Source: www.habr.com