(Siqhubeka nochungechunge lwama-eseyi avela emlandweni wenyuvesi yethu ebizwa ngokuthi “i-Red Hogwarts”. Namuhla - mayelana nempilo yokuqala yomunye wabafundi bethu ababili abathweswe iziqu owangcwatshwa odongeni lwase-Kremlin)
U-Avramy Pavlovich Zavenyagin wazalwa ngokukhala kwezinsimbi ngosuku olugqamile lwePhasika, ngo-April 1, into efanayo evamile cishe kuwo wonke amaqhawe ami ngo-1901. Lokhu kwenzeke esiteshini sesitimela i-Uzlovaya esifundeni saseTula. Wazalelwa emndenini womshayeli wesitimela uPavel Ustinovich Zavenyagin, futhi wayeyingane yesishiyagalolunye neyokugcina.
Wathola igama lakhe eliyivelakancane - u-Avramiy - ngenxa yekhalenda eyayidumile ngaleso sikhathi, eyayithi u-April 1 wusuku lomfel' ukholo u-Avramiy. Kamuva, ngemizamo yezikhulu zepasipoti, igama lesibili elithi "a" langena egameni, ngenxa yokuthi izingane zeqhawe lethu zagcina zinegama elihlukile: indodana yayinguYuliy Avramievich impilo yayo yonke, kanti indodakazi yayingu-Evgenia Avramievna.
Nokho, emkhayeni omkhulu abazange bazihluphe ngenani lezinhlamvu futhi babiza owokugcina ngokuthi Avraney.
Kodwa lokhu akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside.
Cishe kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe u-Avramiy Pavlovich wayebizwa ngokuthi u-Avramiy Pavlovich, lokhu kuphawulwa yizo zonke izinkumbulo. Bafona njalo. Ngisho esengumfundi owenza unyaka wokuqala.
Yilokhu abhala umfundi afunda naye : "U-Abrahamiy Pavlovich Zavenyagin wayengunobhala wangaphambili wekomidi; igama lakhe lalihlala njalo, ngisho neminyaka yakhe yomfundi, u-Abram Pavlovich.". Unanelwa ngomunye owayengumfundi weSikole Sezimayini, isazi sokuma komhlaba uLeonid Gromov: “Angikhumbuli noma ubani embiza ngegama, u-Abram Palych kuphela. Angikhumbuli ukuthi noma yimuphi wabafundi, ngaphandle kwakhe, babebizwa ngegama labo lokuqala kanye ne-patronymic. ... Futhi kuphumelele ngokwako, ngaphandle kokukhononda noma ukwaziswa okuvela kuye.”
Iqiniso elilandelayo nalo liyathakazelisa. U-Avramiy Pavlovich ngokwakhe, njengoba kwakuyisiko emindenini yezinzalamizi, wabiza abazali bakhe "wena" impilo yakhe yonke. Akukho okukhethekile ngalokhu, kunjalo. Okumangalisa nakakhulu ukuthi kusukela esikhathini esithile kuqhubeke, uPavel Ustinovich ngokuzumayo waqala "ukuzonda" indodana yakhe encane, ngakho-ke babonisa ukuhloniphana iminyaka eminingi.
Njengoba indodakazi yeqhawe lethu yasho, umndeni wawuthanda ukukhumbula isiqephu sokuthi umkhulu, ngemva kokufunda ngokuqokwa kwendodana yakhe njengomqondisi weMagnitka, indawo yokwakhiwa kwezwe ngaleso sikhathi, umsakazo namaphephandaba ayexoxa ngayo. kusukela ekuseni kuze kube kusihlwa, ngokushesha wafika eMoscow. “Wayejabule kakhulu, engabaza isikhathi eside futhi nokho wabuza indodana yakhe endala umbuzo owodwa, kodwa obalulekile:
"Abramy, ungakwazi ukuwenza lo msebenzi?"
Pavel Ustinovich Zavenyagin
Konke lokhu okungaqondakali kokuqamba kwachazwa kalula - u-Avramiy Palych wayenethalente eliyingqayizivele langaphakathi.
Abanye abantu ngokwemvelo banikezwa iphimbo eliphelele, kanti abanye banesiphiwo sezwi elingadingi "ukukhiqizwa." Owesithathu akakaze ahileleke kwezemidlalo kusukela azalwa, kodwa wanikezwa amandla amangalisayo kusukela ekuzalweni - ngibabonile abantu abanjalo. Futhi u-Avramiy Pavlovich wanikezwa ekuzalweni ikhono elingenakuqhathaniswa lokuphatha abantu nokuxazulula izinkinga ezinikezwe.
U-Avramy Pavlovich Zavenyagin wayengumphathi ngomusa kaNkulunkulu.
Ngikhumbula ukuthi umdali we-Polish Solidarity, u-Lech Walesa, wayevame ukubizwa ngokuthi "isilwane sezombangazwe" ngenxa yethalenta lakhe elizalwa njengosopolitiki. Kulokhu, u-Zavenyagin "wayeyisilwane sokuphatha" - akekho ongcono kunaye ongaxazulula inkinga enikeziwe ngendlela efanele, kuyilapho esebenzisa izinsiza ezitholakalayo ngendlela ephumelela kakhulu. Akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi intandokazi kaZavenyagin impilo yakhe yonke yayingamazwi embongi uBaratynsky:
"Ukunikeza kungumyalelo, futhi kufanele uwufeze, naphezu kwanoma yiziphi izithiyo."
Leli thalente lakhe labonakala ebusheni bakhe, lapho efunda esikoleni sangempela edolobheni laseSkopin, i-Uzlovaya engumakhelwane. Njengawo wonke amaqhawe ami, uZavenyagin wafika ekuvukeleni ekuseni kakhulu - waba yilungu leqembu lamaBolshevik eneminyaka engu-16, ngokushesha ngemva kokuvukela umbuso, ngoNovemba 1917.
Futhi, ngokushesha nje lapho ejoyina, waqala umsebenzi wenhlangano njengedada ukuchelela.
Ubusuku nemini uqhuba umsebenzi wephathi eTula, Uzlovaya, Skopin naseRyazan. Khona-ke iMpi Yombango yaqala. Khona-ke umhleli osemusha wephephandaba laseRyazan i-Izvestia ubhalela udadewabo uMaria:
“NgoLwesibili ngiya phambili noma ngiye eMoscow ngezifundo zokuyala. Ayikho enye indlela yokuphuma. U-Kolchak, ulahliwe, ucindezela. Yehlisa umoya umndeni wakho. Ngizobhala okuningi ngesinye isikhathi. Uma umama enquma ukuza kimi, khuluma nami. Ngikufisela injabulo."
Njengoba wazi, akukho lapho abantu bakhula ngokushesha njengasempini. UZavenyagin oneminyaka engu-18 ubudala waqeda impi yombango esikhundleni sika-Colonel njengenhloko yomnyango wezombusazwe we-Ryazan infantry Division, futhi ngemva kokuhlakazwa kweqembu, iqembu lathumela u-commissar osemusha emsebenzini weqembu e-Donbass - "bonke." - Umdlali waseRussia. "
***
Izifunda ezizitholele okwazo ubunikazi ziba manqikanqika ukwehlukana nakho.
I-Donbass injalo.
I-Donbass ihlale ibukeka njengoDonbass - kokubili eminyakeni yeshumi yekhulu lama-21, neminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye yekhulu lama-XX, kanye neminyaka engamashumi amabili ekhulwini lama-XX. Ngazo zonke izikhathi nangaphansi kwanoma yimuphi umbuso, kusekhona izitebhisi ezifanayo, inqwaba yemfucuza efanayo, kanye “nabafana abahlakaniphile baseDonetsk” abafanayo.
Ingxenye yokugcina yayiyinhle ikakhulukazi kuma-20s wekhulu lamashumi amabili. Phakathi neMpi Yombango, kwakukhona i-madhouse ephelele endaweni yaseDonbass - amaBolsheviks, ama-White Guards-Kaledinians, "abazimele" baseCentral Rada, amaBolsheviks futhi, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi seRiphabhulikhi yaseDonetsk-Krivoy Rog, i-Haidamaks enezinwele ezinde. , I-Sich Riflemen kanye ne-Cossacks ye-UPR yazulazula kule ndawo, ishintshana ngesiphithiphithi. , abahlali bokuqala base-Austrian nabaseJalimane, futhi "abashare-share", kodwa kakade i-hetman, abahlanganyeli bezimayini, u-Don white Cossacks-Krasnovtsy, amasosha ase-Anglo-French. , amavukelambuso ama-anarcho-communist, uMai-Maevsky kaDenikin, izigaba zezibhamu ezibomvu zika-Antonov-Ovseenko, ibutho lamavukelambuso e-Makhnovist lase-Ukraine, i-Wrangelites...
Ataman of the Gaydamak Kosh of Sloboda Ukraine E.I. I-Volokh
Abantu bendawo bacasuka kancane ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zinxushunxushu futhi banquma ukungayi eceleni.
Cishe yonke idolobhana elizihloniphayo lakha amabutho alo okuzivikela, abizwa ngokuthi “iqembu lezigelekeqe” eliholwa ngubaba-ataman. Ngokuvamile, ukwakheka okunjalo kwakulawula indawo yayo siqu, kodwa ngesinye isikhathi abazange baziphike ubumnandi bokuphequlula imigqomo yomakhelwane babo. Isibalo salezi zinhlangano azikwazanga ukubalwa; kwakukhona izinkulungwane zazo, zavela futhi zanyamalala, ngezinye izikhathi ziqoqana zibe imifelandawonye emikhulu kuphela ukuze zihlakazeke nganoma isiphi isikhathi.
Ngo-1920, lapho uZavenyagin ethunyelwa ukuyosungula amandla aseSoviet eDonbass, i-madhouse yayisasebenza ngokugcwele. Iningi lamadolobha aseDonbass alawulwa amaBolsheviks, eVolnovakha naseMariupol - yiWrangelites, iStarobelsk ilawulwa yiMakhnovists.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, awekho amandla ngaphandle kwezindawo ezinkulu ezinabantu abaningi, ngaphandle kwalabo “bafana” bendawo abanezibhamu ezisahliweyo abaqoqene emaqenjini amaningi ezigebengu.
Kodwa namaMakhnovists, njengempumuzo kumaBolshevik, "izivumelwano ze-Old Belye" zaphethwa, ngokusho ukuthi amaBolshevik "abomvu" kanye nama-anarchist "abamnyama" - abalandeli bakaBaba uNestor - bakha umfelandawonye wesikhashana owenzelwe ukuxosha umbuso. Ama-Wranglists “abamhlophe” abangaziwa abavela e-Donbass. Ukuze-ke abasekeli bokhetho lwezenhlalakahle bazoqhubeka nokulwa phakathi kwabo ngonembeza ohlanzekile.
Indlunkulu ye-Makhnovist Insurgent Army ixoxa ngephrojekthi yokunqoba ama-Wrangelites, i-Starobelsk, ngo-1920.
Nokho, Zavenyagin wathatha ingxenye encane ezimpini, ikakhulukazi wasebenza ubizo - njengomphathi. Ngoba impi iyimpi, kodwa umsebenzi oyinhloko kwakungekona neze ukubhubhisa amaqembu angafile. I-Donbass ngaleyo minyaka yayiyisizinda sikaphethiloli esiyinhloko sezwe. Futhi kwaba ukubuyiselwa kwezimayini zamalahle okwakuyiyonanto ehamba phambili. Bonke abavukuzi abafanelekayo abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-50 bahlanganiswa e-Ukraine Labour Army edaliwe, kanye nochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-65. Ngo-June 1920, iphephandaba laseYuzovsky elithi "Dictatorship of Labor" labhala:
“Umsebenzi wethu olandelayo wukuqalisa ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo kokubuthelwa kwabasebenzi... Ukuhlanganisa yonke into okungeyona eyabasebenzi... Ayikho indawo yezilokazane namavila eriphabhulikhi yezabasebenzi.
Badutshulwa noma bagaywe ngamatshe amakhulu okugaya.”
Ukukhathazeka kwethu kulula, ukukhathazeka kwethu yilokhu:
Bengiyohlala ezweni lakithi futhi ngingabi nakho okunye ukukhathazeka.
Neqhwa, nomoya, nezinkanyezi ebusuku;
Inhliziyo yami ingibizela kude nokukhathazeka.
Futhi e-Donbass, i-Zavenyagin, njengoba besho, "yayingaphansi kwesilingo sikadeveli." Ngenxa yethalente lakhe lemvelo, wenza umsebenzi ohlakaniphile futhi ukhula ngokushesha ezikhundleni nasezikhundleni.
Yiqiniso, kwenzeka noma yini - kwaba lapho, e-Donbass, lapho uZavenyagin ethola khona ukugwetshwa kwakhe kokuqala nokuwukuphela kwecala nesigwebo esibucayi: ngo-1920, wagwetshwa iminyaka engu-15 yi-Revolutionary Tribunal ye-XIII Army iminyaka engu-15 ngokuphuma kwedolobha ngaphambi kwesikhathi. waseYuzovka, manje oseDonetsk. Yiqiniso, empeleni akazange asebenze iminyaka engu-XNUMX, kodwa izinsuku ezimbalwa, okwathi ngemva kwalokho isigwebo sachithwa, futhi ogwetshiwe wavuselelwa ngesinqumo se-Central Control Commission ye-RCP (b).
I-Yuzovsky Metallurgical Plant. 1918
Lapho, e-Donbass, u-commissar waphenduka ngokuthula waba isikhulu:
U-Avramiy Pavlovich uba, ngamagama amanje, inhloko yokuphatha amadolobha ahlukahlukene. Futhi hhayi ezincane. Ngokushesha nje lapho efika eDonbass, ngo-February 1920, wathatha isikhundla sokuba usihlalo wekomiti lesifunda lokuvukela umbuso edolobheni elisanda kwaziwa kabanzi laseDonbass laseSlavyansk, futhi ngo-September washintshelwa njengonobhala wekomiti leqembu lesifunda eYuzovka.
Ngemali yethu - imeya yaseDonetsk. Futhi lokhu eneminyaka engu-19 ubudala!
Nokho, njengoba u-Alexander Kozachinsky owayephila ngesikhathi sikaZavenyagin kamuva wabhala encwadini ethi "The Green Van": “Wayeneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili kuphela ubudala, kodwa ngalezo zinsuku abantu babengamangazwa enye into ngaphandle kwentsha.”.
Ukuze okungenani abonakale ehloniphekile, i-Zavenyagin ikhulisa amadevu esitayela esasisemfashinini, namuhla esibizwa ngokuthi “isitayela sikaHitler.” Njengokungathi uziphindiselela lokhu, uFatum ononya ngokushesha "wamsiza" ukuthi abukeke evuthiwe nakakhulu - kakade eneminyaka engu-20, unobhala wekomidi waqala ukuphandla.
Like и , uZavenyagin wayengenaso nhlobo isidingo sokuphuthuma eMoscow, konke kwakuhamba kahle naye endaweni yakhe. Ngokushesha u-Avramiy Pavlovich waba umngane namakhomanisi endawo futhi wathola kokubili abangane beqiniso nabangane abawusizo eDonbass, okwakuzoba usizo kuye izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ekuphileni.
Umngane omkhulu ka-Avramiy iminyaka eminingi kwakungusihlalo woMkhandlu Wabasebenzi Wesifunda, u-Tit Korzhikov, abahola naye ikomiti lesifunda saseYuzovsky.
Vumela izinkinga emva kwezinkinga zisongela mina nawe,
Kodwa ubungane bami nawe buzosuswa wukufa kuphela.
Neqhwa, nomoya, nezinkanyezi ebusuku;
Inhliziyo yami ingibizela kude nokukhathazeka.
Nasi isithombe sobuholi bukaYuzovka - Korzhikov phakathi nendawo, kwesokunxele sakhe - uZavenyagin.
Kanye noThithu kwadingeka badabule eCrimea naseRoma - khona-ke kwakungenakwenzeka ngaphandle kwayo. Njengoba ngike ngasho, i-Donbass kuma-20s yayikhumbuza kakhulu i-Donbass kuma-90s - kwakuyi-patchwork yezindawo ezilawulwa amaqembu amaningi ayenobudlelwane obuyinkimbinkimbi nomunye nomunye.
Futhi ukubaluleka kweqembu ngalinye kwakunqunywa inani lamasosha elalingakwazi ukulwa nalo, ngakho ngezikhathi ezithile kwakudingeka baphume “ukuyomela abangane babo.”
Ngokwesibonelo, "Ukomovskys", lapho uZavenyagin ayengowakho, naphezu kwesimo sabo esisemthethweni, ngezikhathi ezithile kwakudingeka acele inhlangano yeqembu le-Yuzov Technical School ukuze athole usizo. Futhi laba balwi, abadumile e-Yuzovka, babeholwa ngumkhomanisi osemusha ogama lakhe linguNikita, owayesanda kubuya eMpini Yombango, okuthiwa uKhrushchev.
By the way, akazange ashiye isithombe "smart kid" isikhathi eside impela, nansi ikusasa "umlimi corn" (kwesokunxele) nabangane eholidini Kislovodsk ekuqaleni 30s.
Futhi lapha kubalulekile ukuqonda i-nuance eyodwa - nakuba ngokusemthethweni uKhrushchev wayengaphansi kweZavenyagin, ubuhlobo bangempela phakathi kwekomidi lesifundazwe nezinhlangano zeqembu ledolobha kwakungeyona ubuhlobo phakathi komphathi nabangaphansi, kodwa kunalokho phakathi kwenkosi nokungagunyaziwe. izikhonzi.
Ngemva kokuhlangana, "izinceku" zazingakwazi ukugumbuqela kalula "umuntu omdala", yilokho okwenzeka nomlandeli kaZavenyagin, uKonstantin Moiseenko.
Nansi indlela uKhrushchev ngokwakhe akhuluma ngayo ngakho emibhalweni yakhe:
UZavenyagin wayengunobhala wekomiti leqembu lesifunda. Lapho ngiphothula uphiko lwabasebenzi, uMoiseenko waba unobhala wekomiti lesifunda (bese besuka ezifundeni baya kwesinye). Ngo-April 1925, kwavulwa Ingqungquthela Yeqembu le-XIV. Ngakhethwa kuyo enhlanganweni yeqembu laseYuzovsky. Yayiphethwe nguMoiseenko (“Kostyan”, njengoba besimbiza kanjalo), esengiyibalulile. Wayengumfundi ongazange aphumelele esikoleni sezokwelapha, isikhulumi esihle kakhulu kanye nomhleli omuhle. Wayehlukaniswa ngokuthinta okuqinile konxiwankulu, futhi ukuxhumana kwakhe kanye nethimba lalicishe libe yi-NEPman. Ngakho-ke, kamuva samkhipha konobhala.
Ngendlela, uKhrushchev uchaza ukuziphatha kwe "Donetskites" eholwa "Kostyan" engqungqutheleni yeqembu eMoscow ngokungagwegwesi:
Futhi sabe sesihlala eKaretny Row, eNdlini YamaSoviet (yilokho okwakubizwa kanjalo). Sasihlala kalula nje, kwakunamabhantshi lapho, futhi njengoba besho, sasilala kuwo. Ngikhumbula ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi uPostyshev, kubonakala sengathi, unobhala wenhlangano yeqembu laseKharkov, wafika nomkakhe futhi, ngokufanayo, ngokulandelana, walala nathi, nomkakhe walala lapho, eduze kwethu. Lokhu kwabangela amahlaya mayelana Postyshev. Sonke sasibancane ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngokuvamile, kwakubonakala sengathi konke nge-Zavenyagin kwakukuhle futhi kunqunyelwe iminyaka eminingi ezayo.
Umsebenzi wami uhamba kahle, umsebenzi uyajabulisa, abangaphansi kwami bayangihlonipha, nabaphathi bami basesimweni esihle. Kuphinde kwavela umakoti, ubuhle bendawo uMaria Rozhkova, ahlangana naye embuthanweni wokukhumbula abasebenzi bephathi abagetshengwa babulawa izigebengu zika-Ataman Moskalevsky odumile, owaziwa kangcono ngokuthi “Yashka the Golden Tooth.” Zazimi ngomumo izinto ngasemshadweni...
UMaria Rozhkova
Futhi njengawo wonke umuntu empilweni, uzohlangana nothando ngolunye usuku.
Nawe, njengawe, uzodlula izivunguvungu ngesibindi.
Neqhwa, nomoya, nezinkanyezi ebusuku;
Inhliziyo yami ingibizela kude nokukhathazeka.
Kodwa, njengoba nazi, umuntu uyahlongoza, kodwa uNkulunkulu uyachitha. UFadeev noTevosyan baphazanyiswa yingqungquthela yeqembu. Indaba ethakazelisa kakhulu yenzeke kuZavenyagin.
Uma ngithi isimo se-Donbass kuma-20s sasikhumbuza i-Donbass kuma-90s, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ngaphezu kokufana, kwakukhona nokungafani okuyisisekelo. Abazalwane bama-90s babehlanganyela amagalaji nezimakethe, okungukuthi, balwela imali. Ngama-20s, balwela ikusasa eliqhakazile - ngombono wabo wokuthi iplanethi kufanele iphile kanjani.
Empeleni, iMpi Yombango kwakuyimpi yenkolo, echaza ngokuyinhloko umunyu wayo.
Uma ubheka futhi isithombe seKomidi Lesifunda saseYuzovsky, ngeke uqaphele iketanga elilodwa legolide kunoma iyiphi yazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abaholi bedolobha elikhulu bagqoke kabi ngokungagwegwesi.
Kodwa lokhu akuzange kubakhathaze.
Babengama-idealists.
Naphezu kwawo wonke amathalenta akhe okuphatha, u-Avramiy Pavlovich akazange asebenze njengengqondo yokukhula komsebenzi okudingekayo. Futhi leli yiphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. I-Zavenyagin yayibhekwa ngabaningi ngokuthi "i-arithmometer emilenzeni," ubuchopho obunamandla obungenamizwa obuhlala bubala ukunyakaza okuhle ekhanda lakhe.
Lokhu kokubili kuyiqiniso futhi akulona iqiniso ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Yebo, wayekwazi kakhulu ukubala iminyakazo. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Avramiy Pavlovich wayengeyena umshini ongenamphefumulo. Wayengumuntu, futhi eyindoda enemibono. Yena, njengawo wonke amaqhawe ami, wayekholelwa ngobuqotho ukuthi bakha entsha - futhi engcono! - umhlaba. Baletha ekuphileni iphupho laphakade lesintu mayelana nombuso wobulungisa. Futhi lawa kwakungewona amazwi amakhulu. Kwakuwukholo oluqotho lomuntu ocabangayo, iphupho langempela nelimangalisayo, lokufezeka lapho laba bafana base belungele ukukhokha - futhi bakhokhwa! - intengo ebiza kakhulu.
Inqobo nje uma ngikwazi ukuhamba, inqobo nje uma ngikwazi ukubheka,
Uma nje ngisakwazi ukuphefumula, ngizoqhubekela phambili!
Neqhwa, nomoya, nezinkanyezi ebusuku;
Inhliziyo yami ingibizela kude nokukhathazeka.
Ngolunye usuku eYuzovka kwenzeka isigameko esivusa amadlingozi - imoto evulekile yayigingqika emigwaqweni, lapho iqembu labantu abasha lalijabule khona.
Abasebenzi bephathi bedakiwe bekanye nabasebenzi besifazane abasebasha baklabalasa izingoma baqhumisa namavolovolo emoyeni.
Kwakubonakala kunyanyeka nakakhulu ngoba kwakuyisikhathi sokulamba okukhulu, futhi iningi lezakhamuzi zedolobha, ingasaphathwa eyenyanga, lalingaboni isinkwa, lalidla izingcezwana zesinkwa.
Njengoba kwenzeka, lo mdumo wawuhlelwe yinhloko yesifunda sezimayini zamalahle saseYuzovsky, u-Ivan Chugurin.
Ivan Chugurin
Futhi lapha amaqhawe ami enza iphutha elikhulu lokuphatha, kodwa angakhapheli imibono yawo. U-Avramiy Zavenyagin kanye nosihlalo wekomidi eliphezulu uTit Korzhikov basabela kabi kakhulu - ihhovisi leqembu lamukele isinqumo sokususa uChugurin esikhundleni futhi bamxoshe eqenjini.
Kubukeka sengathi ubulungisa buye banqoba. Kodwa ngemuva kobulungisa kwavela umqondo womzabalazo wezinsiza, osebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi nangaphansi kwayo yonke imibuso. U-Ivan Chugurin wayengumuntu onzima. Iphuzu akukhona nokuthi yena, njengoZavenyagin, wayeyilungu leKhomishini Yokhetho Ephakathi yase-Ukraine.
Okubaluleke kakhulu kunesikhundla esisemthethweni kwakuyisisindo esingakahleleki.
UChugurin ubengafani nentsha engaziwa i-Zavenyagin. U-Ivan Chugurin wayengumngane othembekile, umBolshevik omdala owayenolwazi lwangaphambi kokuguquguquka, eyilungu le-CPSU (b) kusukela ngo-1902, omunye wababhali be-manifestos yamaBolshevik ngoFebhuwari 1917. Ngo-April 1917, kwakunguChugurin owahlangana noLenin, owayebuyele ePetrograd evela ekufudukeni, e-Finlyandsky Station futhi wanikeza u-Ilyich inombolo yekhadi leqembu lakhe elingu-600.
Okubi nakakhulu ukuthi uChugurin wayeyilungu likaGeorgy Pyatakov ngokwakhe, owayeyilungu leKomidi Elikhulu le-RCP (b), owathi ngonyaka odlule wayeyinhloko yoHulumeni Wesikhashana Wabasebenzi Nabampofu base-Ukraine, futhi. manje ubambe isikhundla sikaSihlalo weBhodi Eliphakathi Lemboni Yamalahle eMoscow.
Impendulo yafika ngokushesha - uPyatakov wafuna ukuba uZavenyagin asuswe esikhundleni sakhe.
Kwaqala umshikashika ngemuva.
Georgy Pyatakov
Ngokumangalisayo, amandla acishe alingana. Yiqiniso, isisindo se-apparatus sikaPyatakov sasingenakuqhathaniswa namandla angasho lutho we "Mowgli yezombangazwe" Zavenyagin, owayengakaze athole umxhasi ohloniphekile. Kodwa iningi lamaBolshevik aseDonetsk lalicheme nekhomanisi elincane - ngenxa nje yokuthi lalimele iqiniso. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi lawa bekungama-20 othando.
Ekuqaleni, impumelelo yayisohlangothini lwabaphikisi baka-Avramiy Pavlovich. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukumxosha eqenjini, kodwa u-Zavenyagin wasuswa esikhundleni sakhe futhi wathunyelwa eDonetsk eMukhosransk-Zaglushkinsky wendawo - isikhungo sesifunda saseStarobelsk. Nokho, kwakungeyona indaba yasehlane; kwaba yinkinga kakhulu ukuthi uZavenyagin asebenze eStarobelsk.
Uma nje ngoba idolobha lalilawulwa izigebengu - izinsalela zamaqembu ezigelekeqe Makhno, Marusya kanye Kamenyuk.
U-Avramiy Palych uyavumelana nokuqokwa, futhi abalandeli bakhe baqoqa iqembu labantu abathembekile kuye eYuzovka - babela abantu abangaba ngu-70. Ngokushesha bathuthela e-Starobelsk.
Balwela indlela eya edolobheni, isigaba esisuka esiteshini saseSvatovo siya eStarobelsk saba nzima kakhulu - abaphangi babengafuni ngempela ukuyeka umgwaqo obalulekile wesitimela ungalawuleki. UZavenyagin kwadingeka acele usizo kubasebenzi besitimela. Labo bantu banikela, futhi ngo-September 1921 i-Starobelsk yathathwa.
Asikudingi ukuthula, sijabule ngalesi siphetho.
Uthatha ilangabi ngesandla sakho, uphule iqhwa ngomoya wakho.
Neqhwa, nomoya, nezinkanyezi ebusuku;
Inhliziyo yami ingibizela kude nokukhathazeka.
Amandla edolobheni adluliselwa eKomidini Lezinguquko, elaliholwa nguZavenyagin.
Nokho, kwakungenzeka ukutholakala edolobheni ngokwalo kuphela, futhi kwakusekhona “izinto ezingcolile” emigwaqweni.
Ngakho u-Abrama wahlala emzini, njengendoda ehlubukayo enqabeni evinjezelwe.
Phela, inhloko kaZavenyagin ye-Starobelsk Cheka yayingeyena omunye ngaphandle kukaDmitry Medvedev. Kuphela uDmitry Anatolyevich noDmitry Nikolaevich.
Inganekwane efanayo uDmitry Nikolaevich Medvedev, iphupho elibi lama-atamans amabutho amavukelambuso aseDonbass nabaholi bamaqembu ezigebengu ase-Odessa, owaxoshwa kabili ezinhlwini ze-NKVD ngaphambi kwempi, futhi phakathi nempi waba umlawuli wezinganekwane. "Abawinile" benhloso ekhethekile abadalwe nguSudoplatov. Indawo efanayo lapho izikhulu zethu zezobunhloli ezivelele N.I. Kuznetsov, N.V. Strutinsky, Africa De las Heras nabanye abaningi.
Baphila ukuphila okujabulisayo e-Starobelsk. Njengoba u-Evgenia Zavenyagina ekhumbula, uyise wake wathumela isosha le-Red Army kunina, ngaleso sikhathi owayengumakoti, nencwadi emcela ukuba eze. “Umama wangabaza, engazi ukuthi aphendule athini. Isosha le-Red Army lanquma ukuthi lalisaba futhi laqala ukumkholisa ukuthi akukho lutho oluyingozi, kwakudingeka lidlule endaweni eyodwa, futhi uma nje lingase limnike isibhamu ukuze lidubule.”
Izinsuku ezinjalo zothando zahlelwa ke...
Ukuvulwa kwetshe lesikhumbuzo lokuqala le-“Fighters of the Revolution” e-Starobelsk, isiteshi sezicishamlilo ngemuva. 1924.
Khona-ke umjiko wajikela kolunye uhlangothi - amaKhomanisi aseYuzovsky akwazi ukuphusha esinqumweni sokubuyisela uZavenyagin njengonobhala weKomidi leQembu laseYuzovsky. Lokhu kwasongela ukuletha ukungqubuzana ezingeni elisha lokungezwani, ngakho-ke, ngokusobala, izinhlangothi eziphikisanayo, ekhathele umzabalazo, zangena esivumelwaneni sokuxazulula esihlinzeka ngokushintshana ngomgomo othi "owethu noma owenu."
Njengoba ukubuyisana kungenakwenzeka, futhi ukuwina kwelinye lamaqembu kuyinkinga, zombili izinhlangothi eziphikisanayo kwadingeka zihambe eDonbass - kokubili uChugurin nabantu bakhe, noZavenyagin noKorzhikov.
Wonke umuntu unikezwa ithuba lokulondoloza ubuso - ikakhulukazi, u-Avramiy Pavlovich noTit Mikhailovich bazoya eMoscow ukuyofunda.
Korzhikov wayezoqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe weqembu, ngakho wakhetha i-State Institute of Journalism - kwakukhona inyuvesi eMoscow, kamuva eyaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Communist Institute of Journalism. UZavenyagin, ngokumangala kwabaningi, wakhetha indlela yobunjiniyela futhi wangena eMoscow Mining Academy. Okuwukuphela kwento amaKhomanisi aseYuzovsky akwazile ukudlula kuyo kwakuyisinqumo esihlehlisela ukuhamba unyaka. Ngenxa yakhe, uZavenyagin waqala ukufunda esikoleni kamuva kunoontanga bakhe.
Ungacabangi ukuthi wonke umuntu ucule, ukuthi izivunguvungu ziphelile.
Lungiselela umgomo omuhle, futhi inkazimulo izokuthola.
Neqhwa, nomoya, nezinkanyezi ebusuku;
Inhliziyo yami ingibizela kude nokukhathazeka.
Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba bahambe, umakoti nomkhwenyana bagcina beshadile. Ngakho u-Zavenyagin wafika e-Mining Academy - nomkakhe osemusha kanye ne-dowry yakhe, ehlanganisa umshini wokuthunga weSinger kanye nesifuba esinzima esinezibambo ezihlanganisiwe.
Ubani ongazange alale kulesi sifuba kamuva - kuhlanganise noKhrushchev, owake wafika enhloko-dolobha ukuze athenge isibhamu sokuzingela futhi wahlala nomphathi wakhe wangaphambili ...
I-eseyi isebenzisa izinkondlo zikaLev Oshanin. Ezinye izindatshana ochungechungeni - ngethegi "Red Hogwarts"
Source: www.habr.com