Esikhundleni se-epigraph.
"Amakati" athola ukuthandwa kakhulu. Ingabe lokhu kungabhekwa njengophawu lwesifo se-toxoplasmosis?
Ngo-1636, umFulentshi othile, uPierre de Fermat, ummeli wezemfundo nomsebenzi, wabhala incwadi ethi “Introduction to the Theory of Plane and Spatial Places,” lapho achaza khona lokho manje okubizwa ngokuthi i-analytical geometry. Akekho owayenesithakazelo emsebenzini wakhe futhi, ukuze asebenzise i-slang yesimanje, wathunyelwa "ukunganaki", okwabambezela ukuthuthukiswa kwezibalo iminyaka engu-70, kuze kube yilapho u-Euler eba nesithakazelo emsebenzini kaFermat.
Kusukela ngo-1856 kuya ku-1863, indela yase-Austria u-Gregor Johann Mendel yenza ucwaningo ngophizi engadini yesigodlo futhi yathola imithetho eyisisekelo yezakhi zofuzo zesimanje, ezaziwa kithi ngokuthi “Imithetho KaMendel.”
Ngo-March 8, 1865, uMendel washicilela imiphumela yokuhlola kwakhe. Kodwa umsebenzi awuzange uvuse isithakazelo kochwepheshe. UMendel naye wathunyelwa “ukuziba”.
Kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX lapho ochwepheshe baqonda khona ukubaluleka kweziphetho zakhe. Yiqiniso, ukwenza lokhu kwakudingeka baphinde bathole imithetho yefa eyayivele itholwe nguMendel.
Ngakho, "ukunganaki" "nokuvinjelwa" kwabambezela ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhi zofuzo iminyaka engu-50. Lokhu kungaphansi kancane kunesikhathi esisihlukanisa nokusungulwa kwemithi elwa namagciwane yokuqala yokwelapha ukubola noma inyumoniya noma umuthi wokugomela uvendle. Lokhu kungaphezu kokusehlukanisa nokufika kwe-inthanethi, omakhalekhukhwini, omakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha omuntu siqu, nezinkundla zokuxhumana.
Ngo-1912, isazi sesimo sezulu saseJalimane u-Alfred Wegener sabeka phambili inkolelo-mbono ye-continental drift futhi saphakamisa ukuba khona kwe-procontinent Pangea. Uphinde wathola inqwaba "yakungathandwa".
U-Wegener wabuyela ku-meteorology futhi wafa ohambweni oluya eGreenland ngo-1930. Futhi ekupheleni kweminyaka engu-60, ukunemba kokucabanga kuka-Wegener kwaqinisekiswa ngokuphelele. Labo. ngemuva kweminyaka engama-48.
Zimayelana nani lezi zindaba? Ukuthi ngisho ochwepheshe bangenza amaphutha.
Futhi uma kuziwa kwabangewona ochwepheshe abathi ngandlela thile noma ngenye indlela bahlola imibhalo, imicabango, imibono, amawebhusayithi, izincwadi, khona-ke ukuhlolwa kuphenduka i-farce, futhi ukuhlolwa kuphenduka "ukuvinjelwa" kanye "nokungathandi" ngemibono eqinile ngempela, amasayithi amahle kanye nemibhalo ebalulekile. Ngenkathi ama-banal "amakati" noma "i-pop" eqoqa ukuthanda okungalawuleki.
Amasistimu amaningi wokulinganisa kanye nezinga, ngandlela thize, acushwa ukuze acabangele “okuthandwayo” komsebenzisi. Lokhu kungase kungabi inketho engcono kakhulu. Noma mhlawumbe akuyona into engcono kakhulu.
Phela, uma ucabanga ngakho kancane, akunakwenzeka ukuthi u-Albert Einstein wayezothola ukuthandwa okuningi ngemva kokushicilela umbono wakhe. Nokho, angizange ngiyishayele ekuqaleni.
Futhi uGiordano Bruno noSocrates bathola “ukungathandwa” okuningi kangangokuthi “bavinjelwa” unomphela.
UPasternak, uSinyavsky, uDaniel, uSolzhenitsyn, uShostakovich, uJim Morrison, uWilliam Harvey, uJack London, uRembrandt, uVermeer, uHenri Rousseau, uPaul Cezanne, uMarcel Duchamp nezinye izinkanyiso eziningi ezaziwayo ngesinye isikhathi zawela ngaphansi “kokungathandwa” kanye “nokuvinjelwa.”
Futhi namuhla, noma ubani osho okuthile okungahambelani nesimiso esivamile usengozini yokuvinjelwa nokungathandwa.
Futhi wonke umuntu othumela "amakati" noma enye i-"pop" kanye ne-mainstream unawo wonke amathuba "okuthanda", impumelelo kanye nemiphumela emihle ezinjinini zokusesha.
Yini eshintshile? Kungani u-Einstein engusosayensi othandwa kakhulu manje? Abafundi, abalaleli nababukeli bashintshile. Sesishintshile. Sebekhulile.
Yiziphi iziphetho?
1. Isiphetho ngesomuntu siqu. Uma umbhalo, umcabango noma umsindo ungqubuzana nemibono evamile eyamukelwayo, ngokumelene nombono womfundi (umlaleli, wombukeli), lesi akusona neze isizathu sokuvinjelwa noma sokungathandi. Lokhu kuyinto okufanele ucabange ngayo. Hlaziya umbono ohlukile, bheka “eceleni kwenyanga,” ngezinye izikhathi uze “ubheke esibukweni.”
2. Isiphetho siyasebenza. Isistimu yokukala nokulinganisa esekelwe “kokuthandwayo” izalanisa amakati futhi ayidali ikusasa. Uhlelo olunjalo lufihla ulwazi olubalulekile nolungavamile, luvimbela ukuthuthukiswa komcabango futhi luvimbele ukuthuthukiswa.
Njengomphumela wezinga elinjalo, isibonelo, uGalen "wayezovimbela" uHarvey kalula. Phela, ngokukaGalen, emakhulwini ayi-10 eminyaka, eminyakeni eyinkulungwane ngaphambi kukaHarvey, kwakukholelwa ukuthi isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi sasingavaleki.
Kwakuzokwenzekani manje ukube uHarvey “wayevinjiwe”, futhi uGalen waba “phezulu”? Nokho, ngokwesibonelo, isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila singaba iminyaka engu-35, abantu babezofela emadolobheni, izigidi zibulawa isifo sohudo, isifo esiwumshayabhuqe, ingxibongo, ugcunsula kanye nenyumoniya. (Izifo manje esezelashwa kalula, noma zanyamalala ngokuphelele, sibonga abalandeli bakaHarvey). Ingane eyodwa kwabayishumi ingasinda ize ibe mdala.
Ngakho intengo yokubeka "ngokuthandwa" ingabiza kakhulu esintwini.
Kudala, amazinga ezinjini zokusesha ayeboshelwe kuzixhumanisi. Empeleni, lokhu kufana "okufana". Manje, kubonakala sengathi, ayinamathiselwe. Kodwa kwathathelwa indawo olunye uhlobo "lokufana", isibonelo, "ukuziphatha komsebenzisi" (kuhlanganise ne-ICS)... Futhi iningi labasebenzisi banesithakazelo "kumakati" nokunye okujwayelekile okujwayelekile nokujabulisayo.
Kufanele kushintshwe kanjani futhi kanjani lokhu? Anginayo iresiphi. Lo mbhalo ukhombisa inkinga kuphela. Into eyodwa isobala - indlela eyiphutha kufanele iyekwe. Kungenzeka ukuthi ekuqaleni ngeke kube khona lutho oluzothatha indawo yalo. Futhi-ke - kuzoba khona. Kunabantu abaningi abahlakaniphile, uma ungabavimbi, kunjalo.
Bafundi Abathandekayo, Ngiyakucela ukuthi ukhumbule ukuthi “Isitayela se-polemic sibaluleke kakhulu kunesihloko se-polemic. Izinto ziyashintsha, kodwa isitayela sidala impucuko.” (Grigory Pomerantz). Uma ngingaphendulanga ukuphawula kwakho, khona-ke kukhona okungalungile ngesitayela se-polemic yakho.
Ukwengeza.
Ngiyaxolisa kuwo wonke umuntu obhale ukuphawula okunengqondo futhi angizange ngiphendule. Iqiniso liwukuthi omunye wabasebenzisi ungene emkhubeni wokwehlisa imibono yami. Njalo. Ngokushesha lapho kuvela. Lokhu kungivimbela ekuzuzeni "inkokhelo" nokufaka i-plus ku-karma kanye nokuphendula labo ababhala imibono enengqondo.
Kodwa uma usafuna ukuthola impendulo futhi nixoxe ngesihloko, ungangibhalela umlayezo oyimfihlo. Ngiyabaphendula.
Qaphela.
Lesi sihloko sasihlanganisa isigaba mayelana noDarwin noChambers. Manje sengiyisusile ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili.
Okuyinhloko - Kwakukhona ukungalungi ekwakhiweni okwanqamula uLamarck nabanye ososayensi abathi, njengoDarwin, bazama ukuchaza indlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo futhi babhala izincwadi.
Ukucacisa amagama kungaphambukisa incazelo yesihloko, ngoba kungadinga incazelo ende. Futhi kunezibonelo ezanele kakade.
Akuyona eyinhloko - intukuthelo eyabangelwa yilesi sigaba ivimbele abanye abafundi ekuhlaziyeni i-athikili iyonke.
Source: www.habr.com