Ithebhulethi evela ku-Kish (c. 3500 BC)
Iqiniso lokuthi ukufunda kuyasiza alingabazeki. Kodwa izimpendulo zemibuzo ethi “Kusiza ngani ukufunda izinganekwane?” kanye nokuthi “Iziphi izincwadi okhetha ukuzifunda?” ziyahlukahluka kuye ngemithombo. Umbhalo ongezansi uyinguqulo yami yempendulo yale mibuzo.
Angiqale ngephuzu elisobala lokuthi akuzona zonke izinhlobo zemibhalo ezakhiwe zilingana.
Ngingaqokomisa izici ezintathu eziyinhloko zokucabanga ukuthi izincwadi ziyathuthuka: isisekelo solwazi oluthile (i-factology), amasu okucabanga (izindlela zokucabanga, kuhlanganise nezibonelo) nolwazi olubolekiwe (ukuqwashisa okwenzekayo, umbono wezwe, imikhuba yezenhlalo, njll.) . Imibhalo kanjalo ihluke kakhulu, futhi uguquko olusuka kokhethekile luye kwenganekwane lungashelela kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezincwadi (ngaphezu kwezinganekwane, kukhona inkomba, ezobuchwepheshe, ezomlando kanye nedokhumentari, izikhumbuzo, ezemfundo) kanye nenani elikhulu lamafomu amaphakathi, ngezinye izikhathi okunzima ukuwabona ngokusobala. Ngokubona kwami, ngomqondo ongokoqobo, zihlukaniswa ukuthi yiziphi izindawo zomqondo womuntu kulezo ezibalwe ngenhla ezipompa ngaphezulu: amaqiniso, indlela yokwenza, isipiliyoni.
Ngokwemvelo, izincwadi zobuchwepheshe kanye nereferensi zizothuthukisa kakhulu iqiniso, izincwadi zokufunda - indlela yokwenza, izikhumbuzo kanye nezinye izincwadi zomlando - isipiliyoni.
Wonke umuntu angakhetha lokho akudinga kakhulu, njengemishini yokuzivocavoca.
Kepha kuthiwani inganekwane? Wenza kube nokwenzeka ukukuhlanganisa konke nesibonelo abstract futhi ukufunde. Izinganekwane zandulela ukubhalwa—abantu, ukucabanga, ulimi, nezindaba ezixoxayo kwathuthukiswa futhi kwavela ndawonye. Lezi yizinqubo ezixhumene. Inani elikhulayo lolwazi lidinga ukuvela kwamagama amasha nemiqondo; ikhono lokukhumbula nokulisebenzisa likhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokucabanga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ithuluzi lengqondo eliya liba nzima livumela umuntu ukuba akhe futhi akhiqize imiqondo eyinkimbinkimbi. Imisebenzi yokuqala yobuciko yayingamasu okufundisa aqondakala kakhulu futhi aphumelelayo. Cishe lezi kwakuyizindaba zokuzingela.
Vasily Perov "Abazingeli baphumule". 1871
“Ngolunye usuku i-Eurosy yahamba yayokha amakhowe. Ngacosha ubhasikidi ogcwele, ngezwa ngomuntu efohla emahlathini. Bhekani, yibhere. Wawulahla ubhasikidi wagibela esihlahleni. Ibhele lingemuva kwakhe..."
Okulandelayo yindaba yokuthi u-Eurosius walinqoba kanjani ibhere futhi waphunyuka.
Kancane kancane, lezi zindaba zaqala ukuthola amasu agcina ukunaka komlaleli, futhi zaba enye yezinhlobo zokuqala zokuzijabulisa, kuyilapho zigcina imisebenzi yazo yokufundisa. Izindaba zokuzingela zakhula zaba izindaba ezingaqondakali, ama-ballads namasaga. Kancane kancane, kwavela uhlobo olukhethekile lomsebenzi - umxoxi wezindaba (i-bard), owakwazi ukukhumbula ngekhanda imibhalo emikhulu yemibhalo. Njengoba kukhula ukubhala, le mibhalo yaqala ukubhalwa phansi. Yavela kanje indaba eqanjiwe, ehlanganisa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene, kuyilapho isala iyindlela yokufundisa enamandla.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwavela izincwadi zokuzijabulisa kuphela, okuthi, njengoba kungase kubonakale ekuqaleni, azinayo imisebenzi ewusizo ewusizo. Kodwa lokhu, yiqiniso, kubonakala kuphela ekuboneni kuqala. Uma ubhekisisa ngisho inoveli ewubulima kunayo yonke, futhi inokuhambisana kancane noma okuncane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ku-rails, isakhiwo, ishumi nambili noma abalingiswa abaxhumana ngandlela thize. Kunezincazelo ezithile zendawo, izizungu, ubudlelwano, njll. Konke lokhu kudinga umzamo othile wengqondo: kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ubani, lokho abalingiswa abakwenzile futhi abakusho ezahlukweni ezedlule, sizozama ngokuzenzakalelayo ukubikezela ukuthi isakhiwo sizokhula kanjani, yiziphi izindlela abalingiswa abazisebenzisayo ukuze bafeze imigomo yabo. Lokhu nokunye okuningi kancane kancane kuqeqesha futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kobuchopho. Njengoba ufunda ngisho nenganekwane enjalo, isilulumagama sakho siyakhula, umuntu uqala ukukhumbula kangcono futhi aqhathanise izenzo zabalingiswa, amaphutha esaziso kanye nokungahambisani kwesakhiwo, amasu ajwayelekile kakade kanye nokusonteka kwesakhiwo kuqala ukubonakala kungathandeki, ngakho-ke kuphakama isidingo sokunye nokunye. Izinga eliphezulu (eliyinkimbinkimbi ngesimo nencazelo) isebenza.
Njengesivivinyo/isibonelo, zama ukuthola ukuthi kungani abanye abaseshi ngokusobala abayiziphukuphuku nababi bebabi nokuthi kungani ngempela.
Njengoba umthamo wokufunda ukhula, umfundi uqala ukubona izikhombo zeminye imisebenzi nezincazelo ezicashile kuzo. Ngemva kwalokhu, okuthandwayo kohlobo nakho kuyashintsha. Inoveli eyisisekelo noma i-biography ayisabonakali isidina futhi iyisicefe, ifundwa ngenjabulo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, igama lomsebenzisi ngezinye izikhathi (empeleni, abambalwa kakhulu) lingakhumbula okuthile noma likwenze.
Amandla enganekwane ukuthi ithakazelisa ngendlela emangalisayo. Futhi udinga ukufunda lokho okuthandayo. Akufanele uzame ukugxumela phezu kwekhanda lakho ufunde izincwadi incazelo yazo ikubalekela ngokuphelele. Lokhu cishe ngeke kuzuzwe lutho. Kutuswa ukwandisa ubunzima kancane kancane, njengoba kwenza izingane. Kusukela enganekwaneni kuya endabeni yokuzijabulisa. Kusukela ku-adventure kuya kumseshi, kusukela kumseshi kuya kunganekwane eyingqophamlando noma inganekwane yesayensi, njll. Le nqubo ithatha isikhathi esiningi (impilo yakho yonke), kodwa, okungenani, ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine ubuchopho bakho busesimweni esihle kuze kube sekugugeni.
Source: www.habr.com