Sawubona, amaKhabravians kanye nezivakashi zesayithi!
Ngizoqala ngokubonga uHabr. Ngiyabonga.
Ngafunda ngo-Habré ngo-2007. Ngayifunda. Ngangihlela ngisho nokubhala imicabango yami ngodaba oluthile olushisayo, kodwa ngazithola ngisesikhathini lapho kwakungenakwenzeka khona ukwenza lokhu “njengalokho” (okungenzeka futhi okungenzeka ukuthi nganginephutha).
Khona-ke, njengomfundi kwelinye lamanyuvesi aphambili ezweni oneziqu zePhysical Electronics, angikwazanga ukucabanga ukuthi indlela yesiphetho yayizoholelaphi. Futhi wamyisa esikoleni. Isikole esijwayelekile semfundo ejwayelekile, nakuba iyindawo yokuzivocavoca.
Lapho ngikhetha ihabhu engizoshicilelwa, ngahlala ehabhu elithi “Inqubo Yezemfundo ku-IT”, nakuba ngibhala, kunalokho, mayelana “ne-IT Kunqubo Yezemfundo.”
Okwangiletha eSikoleni kwakuyizinto ezazibonakala ziyinqaba ekuqaleni. Ngo-2008, ngicabanga ngekusasa, ngabheka nxazonke futhi ngandlela-thile angikhuthazwa yisistimu (uma kwakukhona / ikhona nhlobo) yemboni ye-microelectronics / ingqalasizinda eRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngase ngivele ngine-internship yesikhashana ngemuva kwami ebhizinisini elikhona lokukhiqiza izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, elwela ukuzimela ngokwezimali kubazali bakhe, waqala ukuzitholela “imali yakhe siqu.” Ukufundisa izibalo, i-physics, ne-computer science kwakufanele kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Lapho nje ukufundisa “amachibi okufaka izicelo” kuqala ukukhula, kwethulwa Ukuhlolwa Kwesifunda Esihlanganisiwe, okwadabula “izitsha zokudla” ezikoleni futhi kwajikijela zona lezi “mikhombe yokudla” ukuze zidliwe, kuhlanganise nabafundisi. Ngokuvamile, ngawela emgqeni, njengoba besho.
Ngemva kokuphothula enyuvesi ngo-2010, ngathola umsebenzi wokuba unjiniyela oqeqeshwayo (yeka ukuthi lokho kwakuzwakala kunothando!) enkampanini eshiwo ngenhla. Kancane kancane, “behlela emhlabeni” futhi bezwa “ukuphelelwa ukuphila” okuthile (ngaleso sikhathi) kanye nobuze bezezimali besikhundla sabo sobungcweti (izincwadi eziningi nezihloko eziye zabhalwa mayelana nokuhaha okukhulu okuhambisana nokungakwazi ukusebenza ngendlela efanayo kwesizukulwane sami), kancane kancane basuka ebunjiniyela futhi basondela kwezemfundo, ukuqeqeshwa.
Kwafika umcabango ongenangqondo engqondweni yami: “Akufanele siqale ngezimboni. Kufanele siqale esikoleni.” Ngikwazile ukucabanga kanjalo. Njengoba kwenzeka, uma uqala, udinga ukuqala ngisho nangaphambili, ufinyelele abazali ababengabantwana ngokwabo, njll., okungukuthi inqubo ayipheli ...
Kepha kuyikho, futhi lapha, wamukelekile - Isikole!
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaba nenhlanhla yokuzalwa indoda ("umkhiqizo oyivelakancane" kakhulu eSikoleni SaseRussia Sanamuhla), ikakhulukazi njengoba ngangihlale ngithanda ukuzifundela.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, akubanga ngengozi ukuthi ngikhulume ngokuvakashela kwami u-Habr ngasekupheleni kwawo-2000. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, bengilokhu ngiyingxenye ye-IT. Lezi zimpawu zokuqala zekhompiyutha emsebenzini kababa - ubaba ngezinye izikhathi wayehamba nami futhi wangivumela ukuba ngingene kwi-PC ene-Windows 95 (lezo ziphambano ezibomvu ezilingayo "kumafasitela" ongawavula kakhulu, bese emva kwalokho. eduze nenjabulo, lo "minesweeper" "ngokuvamile, ngesizathu esithile, umphumela ongalindelekile, lesi "isikhafu" esingaqondakali lapho ngesizathu esithile ozakwabo bakababa "baqotshwa", amaribhoni ephepha angaqondakali ...). Konke lokhu kwavusa isithakazelo esibi kanye nokwethuka “ngomshini ongaqondakali.”
Isiqephu esilandelayo sihlobene nehlobo nogogo wami esigodini, lapho ngachitha khona isikhathi nencwadi yasemtatsheni wezincwadi ngomlando wezinhlelo. Ngabe sengifunda ngo-Ada Lovelace, uCharles Babbage, uConrad Zuse, u-Alan Turing, uJohn von Neumann, uDouglas Engelbard kanye namanye ama-classics amaningi namaphayona we-IT (ukufunda manje incwadi nge-IT e-USSR, ngiyaqonda ukuthi umthombo wasehlobo wawukude kakhulu. kusuka kuphelele!).
Yebo, ngokuba ngummeleli okhanyayo (ngokuhaha kwezinto ezibonakalayo) wesizukulwane sakhe, cishe wakhangwa amaholo amakhulu atholwa ngabasebenzi be-IT. Kodwa noma kunjalo, kancane kancane ngikhula futhi ngibeka izinto eziza kuqala, ngaqala ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi yini ebaluleke ngempela ekuphileni. Amaholo amakhulu ku-IT (ngokuhambisana namanani ajwayelekile emakethe yezabasebenzi) abe inkomba yokuhambisana nokubaluleka komkhakha we-IT namuhla nasesikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Ukuxhumana njalo nezingane kwafaka “ubungqabavu” obushiwo ngenhla emsebenzini futhi kwabeka izinto ezibalulekile (phakathi kokudala isizukulwane esifundile sesikhathi esizayo kanye neholo elikhulu - abambalwa bangabiza ukusebenza eSikoleni sesimanje kuyinzuzo, okungenani namuhla).
Ukubuka okuqoqwe eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule yokufundisa nokufundisa imisebenzi, intshisekelo eqhubekayo nenamandla ku-IT, kusivumela ukuba siphethe ngokuthi lesi simo asigculisi, uma singeyona inhlekelele, enqubweni yesimanje yemfundo.
Uma silandela imicabango yomfundisi wasendulo uJohn Dewey, futhi sicabangela imfundo “hhayi ukulungiselela ukuphila, kodwa ukuphila ngokwayo,” khona-ke isimiso sethu semfundo yesimanje (uma sisondela kuso ngendlela ehlelekile, singafaki izibonelo ezijabulisayo nezikhuthazayo zezinye Izikole) ukuphila. Futhi ikhono labafundi bethu banamuhla lokufunda lifile.
Kuyacaca ukuthi kungani ngikhuluma ngempilo kanye ne-IT ndawonye. Namuhla, i-IT ingene futhi iyaqhubeka nokungena ngokujulile cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zokuphila kwethu. Futhi lokhu “cishe” lapho i-IT ingakangeni khona - lolu uhlelo lwethu lwezemfundo.
Ungangizwa kabi, angijaji futhi angisoli muntu. Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi labo abenza izinqumo mayelana nokuthi uhlelo lwezemfundo kufanele lube yini nokuthi luzoba yini esikhathini esizayo esiseduze bafuna ngobuqotho intuthuko nokuphelela kohlelo lwezemfundo lwaseRussia. Ngikhuluma iqiniso nje.
Namuhla, uthisha wesikole “uyisidalwa esibuyela emuva” emehlweni omfundi, indoda yeNkathi Yamatshe, ongeke nje “athumele isifundo ku-TikTok noma ku-Insta” ukuze abe uhlobo oluthile “lokuchoboza, ” kodwa akakwazi ngisho nokuwasebenzisa njalo amakhono ocingo lwakhe (futhi ngezinye izikhathi ikhompuyutha ibonakala kuthisha “njengesidalwa esingaziwa” noma “ibhokisi elimnyama”).
Futhi uma umfundi engazange athole ukukhuliswa okufanele emndenini futhi engazange afunde ukuhlonipha umuntu, kungakhathaliseki izimfanelo zakhe nokubonakaliswa (umfundi omdala ongavamile unaleli khono), khona-ke uthisha onjalo uzoba nezinkinga ngegunya, ukubeka. ngobumnene. Futhi labo bafundi okuvele ukuthi bafunde kangcono ngeke bakwazi ukuthola abebengakwazi ukube uthisha wabo ubethuthukise ikhono le-IT.
Futhi akuyona indaba yeminyaka yobudala (hhayi ukuthi othisha "bangaphezu kwamashumi amane" futhi "abakaze babone ngisho namakhompyutha"), noma ukuwa okusebenzayo / ukungabikho kwemboni ye-IT ngemuva kweminyaka yama-1970 e-USSR bese kuba yiRussia. Kumayelana nesimo sethu sengqondo. Isifiso nekhono lokufunda. Ngelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi, u-Isaac Asimov noRichard Feynman kanye nezinye izakhamuzi eziningi ezinegunya leplanethi yethu abakhuluma futhi babhala ngazo.
Uthisha, kanye nomzali, nabo uba uthisha ongathandi. Futhi "uthisha ngokwakhe kumele abe yilokho afuna umfundi abe yikho" (uVladimir Dal). "Imfundo ilele eqinisweni lokuthi isizukulwane esidala sidlulisela ulwazi lwaso, uthando lwaso, izinkolelo zaso esizukulwaneni esisha" (Anton Makarenko). “Kuqala ekuzalweni kwakhe; umuntu akakakhulumi, akakalaleli, kodwa useyafunda” (uJean Jacques Rousseau). Imfundo ibaluleke kakhulu, "inhlalakahle yabantu bonke incike emfundweni efanele yezingane" (John Locke).
Futhi kuphakama imibuzo efanele. Ingabe siyilokho ngempela esifuna umfundi wethu abe yikho? Yikuphi okuhlangenwe nakho esikudlulisela kuye futhi kuyoba usizo kangakanani kuye ngesikhathi esiyophila kuso hhayi thina? Ingabe siqinisekile ngempela ukuthi ikhono eliyinhloko eminyakeni engu-20-30 liyoba ikhono lokubhala kahle noma ngokunembile ukubala imiphumela yokusebenza kwe-arithmetic?
Ngabe sizobhala sibale ngalesi sikhathi? noma, njengoba abanye ochwepheshe bephikisana, ingabe sizovele sikhiphe ulwazi ngqo ebuchosheni, sidlule lezi zenzo ezingajwayelekile?
Sekuyisikhathi sokuvuka, bakwethu abathandekayo, amaqabane noma izakhamuzi, njengoba nifisa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, sizifaka engozini yokucekela phansi izimpilo zezizukulwane zethu ezizayo. "Kungenjalo sizoshiya abazukulu bethu emakhazeni," u-Vladimir Vysotsky wahlabelela mayelana nempi engenzeka (ngaleso sikhathi lokhu kwakungaphezu kokufanele), futhi lokhu kungenziwa kalula esihlokweni sethu.
Futhi kuphakama umbuzo kazwelonke omude - "Yini okufanele uyenze?"
Yilokhu kanye, uma lolu daba lubonakala lujabulisa futhi lubalulekile kuwe, sizoxoxa ngalo kulezi zincwadi ezilandelayo.
Ngesifiso esiqotho semfundo ephakeme yaseRussia nokubamba iqhaza okuyisibopho kwe-IT kanye nezilokotho ezinhle kumphakathi wakwaHabra,
URuslan Pronkin
Source: www.habr.com